28/02/2022

ANALYTICAL RESECTION

THREE POINT PROBLEM

** It is the method of determining the observer’s position by making theodolite

Observations to two or three well known points.
** Three point problem may arise to provide additional control points to be
Used as instrument.

P
C B

B P

Analytical Solution:

1. (φ-45°) method

2. Collin’s point method

3. Tienstra Formula

P
C B

B P

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1. (φ-45°) method

Let A, B and C be the three given points and p be the observer’s position.

A A

X
Y
α β
P C
γ C X Y

B α β
B
Referring the Figure P

Known Values are = Coordinates of station A, B and C Y

To find = Coordinate of unknown station P

A Referring the Figure

Let, Observed angles be

X
Y α, β and γ
α β
P Let, Angle ABP = X
γ C
And Angle ACP = Y

First, find length and bearing of line AB, BC and CA and angles A, B and C

Now, Find angle X and angle Y

Applying Sine rule to triangle ABP

Sin X = AP ……………….(1)
Sin α AB
Again, Applying Sine rule to triangle ACP

Sin Y = AP ……………….(2)
Sin β AC

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A
To find angle X and angle Y

Applying Sine rule to triangle ABP X Y

α β
Sin X = AP ……………….(1)
Sin α AB P
γ C
Again, Applying Sine rule to triangle ACP
B
Sin Y = AP ……………….(2)
Sin β AC

From 1 and 2, we get

Sin X = AC Sin α = Constant = K1 = Tan φ
Sin Y AB Sin β

Now,
Sin X = Tan φ
Sin Y

Using Componendo and Devidendo we get

Or, Sin X – Sin Y = Tan φ – 1

Sin X + Sin Y Tan φ + 1

Or, 2 Sin (X-Y)/2 . Cos (X+Y)/2

2 Sin (X+Y)/2 . Cos (X–Y )/2 = Tan (φ – 45)

Or, Tan (X-Y)/2 = Tan (X+Y)/2 . Tan (φ – 45)

Or, X – Y = K2 ……………….(3)

where,
X + Y = 360 – (Angle A + α + β)
X + Y = K3 ……………….(4)

Now, From equation 3 and 4,

Find the values of X and Y

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A A

X
Y
α β
P C
γ C X Y

B α β
B

P
Now, To find Coordinate of station P,
Y
1. Find length and bearing of line AB, BC and CA
2. Find angles A, B and C
3. Find length of line BP using Sine rule at triangle ABP

4. Find bearing of line BP

5. Find coordinate of station P

2. Colin’s Method:
X
Y
α β
To find value of X and Y
P
γ C
We have,
Sin X = K B
Sin Y
But, X + Y = φ
Or, X = φ - Y

Now, Sin X = K Sin Y

Or Sin (φ – Y) = K Sin Y
Or Sin φ Cos Y – Cos φ Sin Y = K Sin Y
Or Sin φ – Cos φ tan Y = K Tan Y

Or Y = Tan‫־‬¹{Sinφ / (K + Cos φ)}

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Numerical

From a station R, the following observation were made to three inaccessible

stations C, D and E
Angle CRD = 138°10’20”
C
DRE = 75°45’00”
ERC = 146°04’40”
Y
X
Coordinates of station C, D and E are α β
R
Point Easting Northing γ D
C 2202.45 m 1977.05 m
E
D 2881.69 m 640.69 m
E 1962.27 m 355.31 m

Calculate the coordinate of R

C
Solving
Distance Y
CE = 1639.429 m X
α β
CD = 1499.071 m
R
ED = 962.691 m γ D
Angle
ECD = 35°22’02” E
CED = 64°19’55”
CDE = 80°18’03”
Solving, angle
X = 17°23’26”
Y = 22°59’32” Now, Solving
Solving, Distance Coordinate of station R
CR = 878.028 m ER = 2326.28 m
NR = 1107.80 m
Angle ECR = 16°31’54”

Bearing of CR = 171°53’33”

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3. Tienstra Formula
A
A θ3
θ3

θ1
θ2 β
α
P C
γ C θ2 θ1

B α β
B

P
Formula:
Y
Where,
Ep = K1 EC + K2 EB + K3 EA
K1 + K2 + K3 K1 = 1 /(Cot θ1 – Cot α)

K2 = 1 /(Cot θ2 – Cot β)
Np = K1 NC + K2 NB + K3 NA
K1 + K2 + K3 K3 = 1 /(Cot θ3 – Cot γ)

Numerical

From a station R, the following observation were made to three inaccessible

stations C, D and E
Angle CRD = 138°10’20”
C
DRE = 75°45’00”
ERC = 146°04’40”
Y
X
Coordinates of station C, D and E are α β
R
Point Easting Northing γ D
C 2202.45 m 1977.05 m
E
D 2881.69 m 640.69 m
E 1962.27 m 355.31 m

Calculate the coordinate of R

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C
Result using Tienstra Formula θ3

Distance
CE = 1639.429 m β
CD = 1499.071 m α
R
ED = 962.691 m γ D
Angle
ECD = 35°22’02” E
CED = 64°19’55” θ2 θ1
CDE = 80°18’03”

Angle CRD = 138°10’20”

DRE = 75°45’00”
ERC = 146°04’40”
Now,
Now, Solving
K1 = 0.62581
Coordinate of station R
K2 = 0.86589
ER = 2326.28 m
K3 = 0.60320
NR = 1107.80 m