ISDM 1

Thursday 28th 11 2024

The ISDM is an observation and description tool which aims to help

in the management of data statistics to give the managers of a company
the means to identify management alerts to follow the evolution of
activities and to have tools for investigating specific subjects
The ISDM aims to present useful information. This implies that it
should be constructed according to a selective criterion by choosing
among the statistics those that can be used by a particular category of
users with regards to the mission to be for filed. The ISDM aims to provide
users with a convenient and use- friendly consultation tool to minimize the
task of searching and presenting results.

INTRODUCTION
Long before the advent of IT management information system (MIS)
had been used by leaders of organization of companies in decision
making effort the decision making process that was carried out at that
time was very simple everything was still done manually because all the
data was stored in various sheet of pappas how ever if the leader needs a
variety of information found in the archives to be used for decision making
it becomes very difficult to find it. Storage of archives is very ineffective
there for finding information takes a long time in addition the possibility of
ineffectiveness of the storage method makes some archives that have
been stored damaged or not maintained
The relationship between information and decision making is the
central concern in the field of information system. The main objective of
an information system is to help the leaders make decisions in a
troublesome environment. A successful organization now our days rely
heavily on the information system to improve its work on one hand and on
the other hand achieving its goals and benefits. Management information
systems help in solving both structured and unstructured environmental
problems. This system consists of computers, people, procedures,
databases etc. Information is considered as the most important
ingrediency for successful decision making in now our days company due
to the importance of decision making some systems have immerged to
serve the appropriate information to managers for good decision making
some of this system include DSS (Decision support systems), MIS
(Management information systems), TPS (Transaction processing systems)
etc.

CHAPTER I: REVIEW ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS

I. DEFINITIONS
a. Information system: An information system refers to all
resources (hardware, software, data, procedures, humans)
structured to aquert process memories transmit and render
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information available (in the form of text, sounds, images etc.)

in the organization and between organization and between
organization.
b. Decision making: Decision making refence to accessing and
making choices. This decision is taken after going throw
several calculations and alternative considerations. Before a
choice is made the decision maker goes throw several stages.
This stage may include.
1. Identifying the main problem
2. Developing alternatives
3. Analysis of the alternatives
ASS: Develop the following point will taking into
consideration its impact on decision making
a. Decision support system
b. Management information system
c. Transaction information system
II. SYSTEMIC ANALYISIS OF THE INTERPRICE
The information system can be compared to be a sort of primary
nerve of the company due to the following reasons.
1. Rapid circulation of quality information between the various
bodies.
2. Delivery of information to the right person at the right time
(this leads to appropriate decision making and actions
adapted to the situations.
The information system clearly contributes to the
performance of the organization.
Appeared in the 1970 Company = System
1. A set of elements in dynamic interaction accordion to a
goal.
2. The company can be considered as a set of elements
(human resources, material resources, Financial and
technical resources) in interrelations.
3. Any human organization, e.g. a family, can be perceived
as a system.
Like any system the company is a system which:
1. Open to its environment.
2. Has a specific role.
3. It is constantly evolving.
To achieve its goal the system takes its environment into
account and regulates its operation by adapting to changes. The elements
of a system can themselves be considered as system (sub systems). The
enterprise can be decomposed into 3 sub-systems

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1. The decision system (piloting system)

2. The Information system
3. The operating system

Piloting
system

Environment Information system

Operating system

Figure 1:System analysis of

the enterprise
Ass: Develop the following point will taking into consideration its impact
on decision making
Decision support system (DSS)
A DSS is designed to assist in making complex decisions by analyzing
large datasets, modeling scenarios, and providing actionable insights, Key
considerations like :Data driven analysis, scenario modeling, real time
feedback.
Management information system (MIS)
MIS focuses on providing regular, structured information to managers for
operational and strategic decisions. Key considerations include: Data
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integrity, Periodic reporting, support for tactical decisions, scalability and

adaptability.
Transaction information system (TIS)
TIS, also known as a transaction processing system (TPS) is foundations,
to recording and managing day to day transactions its role in decision
making involves, Accurate data collection, Operational Efficiency, Data
accessibility, Error reduction

Each system renders its service to the other system.

Activities of the different systems:
a.) Piloting System(Decision system)
- Exploit the information flow.
- Organises the functioning of the sytem.
- Decides on the actions to be conducted by the operating system
- Reasons based on the objectives and policies of the enterprise
b.) Operating System
- It’s responsible for carrying out the task entrusted to it
- It in turn generates information for the piloting system which can
thus control deviation and act accordingly.
- It has all the functions related to the company’s activities, such
as paying salaries, managing stock, invoicing customers, etc.
c.) Information System
- To organize its operations, the system needs to store information,
i.e., information stored to compare and predict.
- It's responsible for broadcasting news and carrying out all
treatments necessary for the operation of the system

Piloting System

Information on sales
Sales price statistics

Information System Information on stock

output
Information on price

Operating System
Invoice
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Functions of the Information System

The information system represents all the sources (human, material,
software etc) organized for
i. Information collection: It records information (using paper or
computers) before its treatment.
ii. Memorise information (storage): Keeps an archive for later or
future use.
iii. Process Information: Performs operations such as calculating,
sorting , classifying, summarizing etc.
iv. Distribute Information: It ensures that information is sent to the
right person
Factors Influencing Decision making in an Organization
a.) Internal State of the Organisation
This situation has to do with what is in the organisation which
includes,
- Available funds
- The state of human resources
- Employee capabilities
- Equipment of the organisation
- The organisations’ structure
b.) External state of the Organisation.
These state has to do with what if outside of the organisation such
as;
- Economic conditions.
- Political conditions.
- Cultural conditions.
II.) ROLES OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM.
a.) It is a communication tool.
This refers to information flow that circulate within the
system, allowing it to analyse the company’s functioning.

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Decision System

Information
flow Environment

Piloting System

The Piloting System The IS collects and treats

transmits decisions to the infro from the O.S and
Piloting System sends to the P.S
O.S through the I.S

Information System

Operating System

The O.S produces info needed by the P.S and

executes orders given to it
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These refers to communication between the enterprise and environment.

Environment such as suppliers, clients, competitors and clients etc.

Information flow
Informat toward the Exterior
ion flow
towards Information System
the
Interior

Information it can be refer to as the memory, ear and mouth of the

organisation.
b.) Information system is a decision-making tool
From stored data, it helps to
- Identify management alerts
- Monitor the dev’t of activites
- Investigate particular subjects
- Prepares statistics that managers will need such as statistics of
activites and environment and report functionalities
The information ___ by minimising the ask of information search
and presenting results. For decision making it is necessary to
have information that is:
- Relevant: This implies that the information should be adapted to
the management needs of the company.
- Reliable: This implies that the information should be true, trusted
and precise up to date.
- Available: The information should be existing and not concealed
from the right people at the right time.
c.) The information System is a management tool
- It helps to define procedures
- It serves as an indicator
- It should go through enterprise resource planning
- _____ that helps to follow up and manage daily information and
operational services of an enterprise.

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QUALITIES OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM

a. Speed and Easy access to information: When the information
system is too slow and complicated, it can discourage users.
- The user must be able to react as quickly as possible.
- The information system must potray effectiveness and relevant
for decision making.
To do this,
- High performance machine
- User friendly interfaces.
b. Reliability of Information
- Save and reliable information
- The information system must provide up to date information for
example to order an item we must know the stock status. The
stock information must therefore be put up to date.
To do this:
- Human: Promptness in typing.
- Machines: Available when needed (therefor external maintenance
operations should be done on time and outside working hours)
c. Integrity of Information
- The system keeps the information in a consistent state.
- The information system must know how to react to situation that
risk making the information faulty.
d. Relevance of the information
- The information should be filtered based on the user. E.G The
sales manager does not need to know the details of each order
but simply the amount of current orders.
e. Information security
-The information should have a backup
The information should be protected from malware or external
attack
f. Confidentiality of the information
- It is a crucial aspect
- Some material resources that ensure confidentiality of
information include, badge readers, finger print scanners, etc.
- Some software resources that ensure confidentiality of
information includes permissions on files, authentication etc

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CHAPTER 2: DECISION MAKING AND RESOLUTION OF PROBLEMS

I. GENERAL DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
Using a step by step decision making process can help
to make more thoughtful and deliberate decisions by
organising relevant information and defining
alternatives. These approach increases the chances that
we will chose the most satisfying alternative possible
o Identifying the decision
o Gather relevant information
o Identify the alternatives
o Weighing the evidence of the alternatives
o Choose among the alternatives
o Take action
o Review your decision and its consequences

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Decision Making Process and Traps to avoid

The role of manager, is to supervise it collaborators. For this reason
it is necessary to know how make choices and to make the right ones, so
what are the traps to avoid? As a manager should you make decision on
your own or rely on the advice of a group by letting know your idea.
Decision are not necessarily made the same way depending on whether it
is administrative, strategic or tactical. You must also know how to take the
necessary distance so as not to let your emotions guide your decisions.
Deciding is therefore quite an art and fortunately, tools and methods
exists to help make the right choices.
a. Decision:
It is a resolution we make about something. It is also the act of
deciding something after individual or collective deliberation.
Decision making is a process of making a choice amongst several
alternatives.
b. Managerial Decision: It is a choice made between several possible
option after weighing the pros and cons (for and against) of each of
these options and analysing the consequences within the framework
of the objective set.
Decision making can vary in different aspect depending on the
context, the situation, the issues and the personality (competence
of the person making the decision). “Some ways in which people
choose to decide”
- Decide on your own after full consideration with your self.
- Think and decide collectively.
- Rely on sound advice of 3rd party experts.
- Decide not to decide
- Play the ostrich and leave it to chant
- Follow your intuition sometimes against all odds
- Watch how others act in such a situation and do like them

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