Scribd
Upload
15 views4 pages

Tranlation Part Two

Translation subjects

Uploaded by

coromesk1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views4 pages

Tranlation Part Two

Translation subjects

Uploaded by

coromesk1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Lexical Problems:

Lexical problems happen when students do not understand a word, phrase, or


expression clearly, or when it is missing from dictionaries. These are the main types
of lexical problems:

1. Literal Translation:

This is when words are translated exactly as they are. Sometimes it works, and
sometimes it doesn’t, depending on the context.

2. Synonyms:

Synonyms are words with similar meanings. Problems occur when students struggle
to see small differences in meaning, especially between two languages (source and
target).

3. Polysemy and Monosemy:

A polysemous word has multiple meanings (e.g., "spring" can mean a season, a
source of water, or a jump).

A monosemous word has only one meaning (e.g., "telephone").

Translation issues arise when a word with many meanings is treated as if it has only
one.

4. Collocations:

Collocations are words that naturally go together (e.g., "make a decision"). Students
may struggle to translate them correctly.

5. Idioms:

Idioms are fixed expressions with meanings that are not obvious from the words
(e.g., "to walk on water" means to do something amazing). They can be very
challenging to translate.

6. Proverbs:

Proverbs are popular sayings tied to culture (e.g., "Actions speak louder than
words"). They are difficult to translate because their meanings depend on cultural
context.
7. Metaphors:

Metaphors use indirect language to say one thing but mean something else. They
are often hard to understand and translate.

8. Technical Terms and Arabization:

Translating scientific or technical terms into Arabic is complex. Different methods,


such as creating new terms or adapting existing ones, are used to solve these
problems.

9. Proper Names and Titles:

Names, titles, political terms, and acronyms (e.g., UN) can cause issues if not
handled carefully in translation.

10. Culture and Translation:

Cultural terms are among the hardest to translate. They require understanding the
culture of both the source and target languages, making them especially tricky for
students.

Stylistic Problems:

Style is now seen as part of meaning, not separate from it. Translating the style of
the source language (SL) can create problems because it affects meaning. Here are
the main stylistic problems:

1. Formality vs. Informality:

SL text can be formal or informal. Translating these styles is challenging because


English and Arabic handle formality differently.

2. Fronting:

Changing word order for emphasis (e.g., "Suicide he committed" instead of "He
committed suicide") can be hard to translate while keeping the same effect in
Arabic.

3. Parallelism:

Similar sentence structures (parallelism) are important for style and meaning, but
translating them into Arabic can be tricky.
4. Ambiguity:

Ambiguous language can confuse meaning. Since it’s a matter of style, it needs
special attention in translation.

5. Complex vs. Simple Style:

Complex and simple styles have different effects. Simplifying complex styles or
complicating simple ones can distort meaning.

6. Short vs. Long Sentences:

Short and long sentences have unique effects. Translators should avoid merging
short sentences or splitting long ones.

7. Passive vs. Active Voice:

Both styles exist in Arabic and English. Passive sentences should not always be
changed to active ones in translation.

8. Repetition vs. Variation:

Repetition is sometimes used for emphasis, while variation uses synonyms for
variety. Translating these styles requires care.

9. Redundancy:

Extra words may seem unnecessary but can serve a purpose. They should not
always be removed in translation.

10. Pompous Language:

Using overly fancy words in simple texts can confuse readers. Translators should
avoid this.

11. Nominalization vs. Verbalization:

Using more nouns (nominalization) or verbs (verbalization) creates different effects.


Both styles need to be translated accurately.

12. Irony:

Irony is a complex, expressive style. Translators must be careful to preserve its


meaning and tone.
13. Punctuation:

Punctuation affects meaning and style, so it must be handled carefully during


translation.

Key Points:

Style is essential to meaning. Ignoring it means losing part of the message.

Translators must consider the type of text, grammar, word choice, and context to
understand and reproduce the style accurately.

You might also like