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DAAL - Assignment No 8

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17 views1 page

DAAL - Assignment No 8

Uploaded by

apdeshmukh371122
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science

K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and Research


Hirabai Haridas Vidyanagari, Amrut Dham, Panchavati, Nashik-422003
Design and Analysis of Algorithms Lab
TY AI&DS Semester: I

Assignment No.: 8

Assignment Title: Develop a program to implement Graph Coloring using backtracking method.

Objectives:
 The task is to assign colors to the vertices of a graph such that no two adjacent vertices have the same color,
while also minimizing the number of colors used. The program should utilize the backtracking algorithm to
systematically explore possible color assignments and backtrack when conflicts arise.
Outcomes:
1. Have developed a functional Python program capable of solving the graph coloring problem using
backtracking.
2. Demonstrate a deep understanding of backtracking as an algorithmic technique to solve problems that
involve exploring multiple solutions
3. Be able to correctly represent graphs using adjacency matrices and apply graph traversal concepts to
ensure that no two adjacent vertices share the same color. No two queens share the same column.

THEORY:

Backtracking Approach:-

Backtracking is used to explore all possible ways to assign colors to the vertices of a graph. If we
encounter a conflict (i.e., two adjacent vertices having the same color), we backtrack and try a
different color assignment.

Steps for Backtracking:

1. Assign a color to the first vertex.


2. For each subsequent vertex, try to assign a valid color (i.e., a color that doesn't conflict with any adjacent
vertices).
3. If no valid color is found for a vertex, backtrack to the previous vertex and try a different color.
4. Repeat until a solution is found, or until all possible colorings have been tried.

Conclusion: The backtracking approach for graph coloring efficiently explores possible color
assignments for vertices while ensuring that adjacent vertices do not share the same color. By
backtracking when conflicts arise, the algorithm ultimately finds a valid solution (if one exists) or or
determines that no solution is possible with the given number of colors.

Graph Coloring using backtracking 1

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