Hints And Solution
1. ANS – 2 Potential difference across each capacitor
𝑉=
1𝑄
Energy of a charged capacitor, E =
2 𝐶 1000
= 300
2
2𝜋ԑ 𝐿 𝑛
For a cylindrical capacitor, C =
𝑏 10
𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑎 ∴𝑛= ≈4
1 𝑄 𝑏 3
E= 𝑙𝑜𝑔
2 2𝜋ԑ 𝐿 𝑎 𝐶
𝐸𝑞 = 𝑚
𝑛
Where 𝐿 = length of the cylinder
1
a and b = radii of two concentric cylinder ×𝑚 = 2
𝑛
2𝜋ԑ (2𝐿)
C’ = 𝑚 =𝑛×2=4×2=8
𝑏
𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑎
∴ minimum number of capacitors = 8 × 4 = 32
1 (2𝑄) 1 (2𝑄) 𝑏
E’ = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3. ANS – 2
2 𝐶 2 2𝜋ԑ (2𝐿) 𝑎
E’=2E
2. ANS – 1
The circuit shown in the figure is a balance
Wheatstone bridge.
1
So the 80µF doesn't have any effect on it can 0.99= (1 − 𝑒 )
be removed. After removing the 80µF, we see
that the 30µF and 60µF are in series. 0.01= 𝑒
Similarly, the 15µF and 30µF are also in 𝑒 = 100
series. 𝑡 = 𝑅𝐶 ln 100 = 2 × 100 × 10 × 2 × 2.303 =
× × 0.92ms
C1= = 20 µF, C2= = 10 µF
6. ANS – 3
Hence, the equivalent capacitance of the
entire circuit is
Ceq= C1 +C2 = 30
Ceq = 30/2 = 15µF
The charge that flows through the battery
Capacitance does not depend on charge on it,
= 10 × 15 =150 µC
C=
This charge will be divided in two branches in
In final charge distribution, charge on outer
the ratio of capacitances.
plates 𝑞 = 𝑞 = 𝑞 and on inner plates
On solving we get that charge on 𝑞 =𝑞 =0
60µF = 100 µC
As charge on inner plates are zero so there is
no field between the plates and no potential
4. ANS – 3
difference and no energy is stored.
As the charge remain constant, hence
7. ANS – 2
𝑄 = 𝐶𝑉 = 𝐶 𝑉
𝜀 𝐴 𝜀 𝐴 Resistance in uppermost branch
𝑄= 𝑉= 𝑉
𝑑 1
𝑑−𝑡+
𝑘 2×3 6
𝑅= = = 1.2𝜴
𝜀 𝐴 𝜀 𝐴 2+3 5
(25) = (𝑉)
0.005 0.003
0.002 + After a long time , branch with the capacitor
𝑘
can be considered as open circuited
𝑉 = 11.5 V
Hence
5. ANS – 1 𝑅 = 2.8 + 1.2 = 4
During charging of capacitor, charge at any 𝑉 6 3
𝐼= = = A
𝑅 4 2
instant is
3
𝐼𝑅 ×3
𝑞 = 𝑞 (1 − 𝑒 ) 𝐼 = =2 𝐴 = 0.9A
𝑅 +𝑅 5
0.99𝑞 = 𝑞 (1 − 𝑒 )
2
8. ANS – 3 For top branch,
1 1 1
We know for a parallel plate capacitor, = +
C 4 4
𝑄 ⇒ C = 2Ω
𝐹=
2𝐴𝜀
For parallel combination,
Since the capacitor is isolated charge will not
change, hence force will remain unchanged Cnet = 2Ω
Ω + 4Ω = 6Ω
9. ANS – 1 12. ANS – 1
25 Initially
Cparallel =
C
6 series
25 C C C1=2C and C2 =C
⇒C +C =
6 C +C q1=2CV
⇒ 6(C + C ) = 25C C q2=CV
⇒ 6C + 6C + 12C C = 25C C
C C C Now condenser of capacity C is filled with
⇒ 6 + 6 + 12 = 25
C C C dielectric K, therefore
C C
⇒ 6 − 13 + 6 = 0
C C C′2=KC
This is quadratic equation, By solving we get As charge is conserved
𝐶 3 q1+q2 = (C′2+2C)V′
=
𝐶 2 3V
V =
𝐾+2
10. ANS – 2
13. ANS – 4
During discharging of a capacitor, the current
is given by, Charge on 6 µF capacitor = charge on 12 µF
capacitor.
E
I= e 6 x 10-6 x 2 V = 12 x 10-6 C
R
𝐸 So, Potential difference across 12 µF
log I = log 𝑒
𝑅 capacitor is
t E
log I = − + log 12 × 10
RC R V= =1V
Intercept is constant = E & R constant 12 × 10
Battery voltage = 2 V + 1 V = 3 V
Magnitude of slope decreases = C is
increased
14. ANS – 4
11. ANS – 4
3
Diagrammatic representation of given problem 17. ANS – 2
is shown in figure. The net charge shared
between the two capacitors is,The two λ
E=
capacitors will have the same potential Say 2πϵ r
V’. The net capacitance of The parallel
combination of the two capacitorr will be 18. ANS – 4
𝐶 ′ = 𝐶 + 𝐶 = 𝐶 + 2𝐶 = 3𝐶 The energy stored in the capacitor = 𝐶𝑉² =
The
he potential difference across the capacitors × 4 × 10 × 400 × 400 = 0.32 J
will be This energy will be converted into heat in the
resistor.
′
V’ = ′ = =𝑉
19. ANS – 2
The electrostatic energy of the capacitors will
be
𝑈 ′ = 𝐶 ′ 𝑉 ′ = (3𝐶)𝑉 = 𝐶𝑉
15. ANS – 1
𝐶 = 4𝜋𝜀 𝑅
And 𝐶 = 4𝜋𝜀
Given that 𝐶 = 𝑛𝐶
As the circuit has left-right
right symmetry, we can 𝑅 𝑅
= 𝑛𝑅
disconnect as shown in the figure. 𝑅 −𝑅
𝑅 /𝑅
16. ANS – 2 𝑅
𝑅 −1
In a capacitor, energy is stored in the electric 𝑅 𝑛
field between the plates. =
𝑅 𝑛−1
∆𝑈 = 𝑈 − 𝑈
1 1 1 20. ANS – 3
= 𝐶𝑉 − 𝐶𝑉 = 𝐶(𝑉 − 𝑉 )
2 2 2
Given ,C=6𝜇𝐹 = 6 × 10 𝑉 = 10𝑉
𝑉
𝑉 = 20𝑉
1
∴ ∆𝑈 = × 6 × 10 ((20) − (10)
( ) )
2
= 3 × 10 × 300 PIate 1 is connected to plate 3 and plate 2
= 9 × 10 J is connected to plate 4.
4
Thus, there are three capacitors in parallel, 1 2𝑣 𝑣
𝐸(𝑓) = × × 2𝑣 =
each of capacitance 2 10 5
4𝑣
𝜀 𝐴 Δ𝐸(loss) =
5
𝐶=
𝑑 4𝑣
%Ioss = × 100
5𝑣
The equivalent capacitance, as shown in Δ𝐸(loss)% = 80%
the figure, is
23. ANS – 4
3𝜀 𝐴
𝐶 ′ = 3𝐶 =
𝑑
Decrease in energy of the system after
connection is given by
21. ANS – 4
1 𝐶𝐶
Here distance between parallel plates Δ𝑈 = (𝑉 − 𝑉 )
d = 4mm = 0.004 m and k =3, 2 𝐶 +𝐶
thickness t = 3mm=0.003 m
Δ𝑈 = 0,If𝑉 = 𝑉
𝐶= and𝐶 = 𝑘𝑞 𝑘𝑞
( ) or =
𝑅 𝑅
or𝑞 𝑅 = 𝑞 𝑅
Since 𝐶 = 𝐶
24. ANS – 1
𝜀 𝐴 2𝜀 𝐴
=
1
𝑑 − 𝑡(1 − ) 3 𝑑 𝐶 = 10 𝜇𝐹 ; 𝐶 =?
𝑘
1 2 𝑉 = 100𝑉 ; 𝑉 =0
=
1 3 × 0.004
𝑑 − 0.003(1 − 3) 𝑉 = 40𝑉
1 𝐶 𝑉 +𝐶 𝑉
= 1/0.006 40 =
2 𝐶 +𝐶
𝑑 − 0.003 × 3
10 × 100 + 0
1 1 40 =
= 10 + 𝐶
𝑑 − 0.002 0.006
40𝐶 = 1000 − 400
𝑑 − 0.002 = 0.006
𝐶 = 15 𝜇𝐹
𝑑 = 0.002 + 0.006 = 0.008 𝑚 = 8𝑚𝑚
22. ANS – 4 25. ANS – 1
𝑄 1 New capacitance C = KC0
𝐸(initial) = = 𝐶𝑉 = 𝑉
2𝐶 2
New electric field, 𝐸 =
𝑄
Final energy𝐸(𝑓) = ∆
2𝐶 New potential difference ∆𝑉 = = =
5
26. ANS – 4 29. ANS – 2
The capacitance of a parallel plate condenser 1 𝑉 1 𝑉 1 2𝑉
is, 𝑈 = 𝐶 + 𝐶 + 𝐶
2 3 2 3 2 3
1
𝑈 = 𝐶𝑉
𝜀 𝑘𝐴 2
𝐶=
𝑑 𝐶𝑉
𝑊 =
3
Therefore capacitance
ance does not depend on
𝐶𝑉
the metal of the plates. ∆𝐻 = 𝑊 − 𝑈 − 𝑈 = = 0.30 𝑚𝐽
6
27. ANS – 4 30. ANS – 1
For charge 𝑄 , the electric field is 2𝐶 4𝐶
𝐶 = + = 2𝐶
2
3 3
𝐸 =
31. ANS – 1
where A is the area,For charge 𝑄 , the electric
field is Since the plates are being moved very
slowly there is no heat loss. So the total
𝑄 work done by external agent and battery will
𝐸 = be equal to the change in potential energy
2𝜀 𝐴
of the system.
Resultant electric field 𝐸 = 𝐸 − 𝐸 =
32. ANS – 4
The potential difference between plates hen
they are brought close together to form a
parallel plate capacitor is
𝑄 −𝑄
𝑉 = 𝐸𝑑 = 𝑑
2𝜀 𝐴
Equivalent capacitor in circuit A’MNB’ is .
Since 𝐶 = for parallel plate capacitor
Charge on capacitor C between MN is
𝑄 −𝑄
∴𝑉= 60 × = 30𝐶
2𝐶
28. ANS – 2 30𝐶
∴V = = 30𝑉
𝐶
Dielectric strength means the maximum
electric field which a medium can bear. Here, 33. ANS – 4
if field becomes more than this, then the
∆U = decrease in potential energy
charge will start leaking from the metal ball.
=U −U
𝑘𝑄 𝐸𝑅 1 1 V +V
So, 𝐸= ⟹𝑄= = C(V + V ) − (2C)
(
𝑅 𝑘 2 2 2
3 × 10 × (0.001) 1 1
= = 𝑛𝐶 = C(V − V )
9 × 10 3 4
6
34. ANS – 2 𝐻 = 𝑚𝑠Δ𝑇 … (𝑖𝑖)
From eq (i) and (ii), we have
Power, 𝑝 = = 1
𝑚𝑠Δ𝑇 = ( )𝐶𝑉
2
CV 2𝑚𝑠Δ𝑇
P= 𝑉=
2t 𝐶
40 × 16 × 9 × 10 4
P=
2 × 2 × 10 38. ANS – 2
P = 90 × 1000
P = 90kW
In the direction parallel to plate
v 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽
35. ANS – 1 ⟹ v 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = v 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 ⟹ =
v 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
We know that spring force F=kx will balance KE v KE 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽
electrostatic force of attraction.Therefore, ⟹ = ⟹ =
𝐾𝐸 v 𝐾𝐸 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
𝑞
= 𝑘𝑥 39. ANS – 1
2𝐴𝜀
𝑞 The two condensers with K and with air are in
𝑥= parallel. With air,
2𝐴𝜀 𝐾
𝜀 3𝐴 3𝜀 𝐴
36. ANS – 3 𝐶 = =
𝑑 4 4𝑑
The potential difference E0 is given to both of With medium,
the capacitor. The two capacitors are then
𝜀 𝐾 𝐴 𝜀 𝐴𝐾
separately allowed to discharge through same 𝐶 = =
resistors. 𝑑 4 4𝑑
So,
Since both capacitors are charged to same
potential difference hence current at t = 0, 𝐶 =𝐶 +𝐶
𝐼 = will be same in both circuits. 3𝜀 𝐴 𝜀 𝐴𝐾 𝜀 𝐴 3 𝐾
𝐶 = + = +
4𝑑 4𝑑 𝑑 4 4
𝐶 𝐴𝜀
Time taken in 50% discharging = RC ln(2) 𝐶 = (𝐾 + 3) ∵ 𝐶 =
4 𝑑
As 1st capacitance is 50% less than that of 2nd 40. ANS – 4
capacitance, Hence 1 µF will take less time
compared to 2 µF. 1 𝐶𝐶
Loss of energy = (𝑉 − 𝑉 )
2𝐶 + 𝐶
37. ANS – 4
1 5 × 10 × 5 × 10 (2000 − 1000)
=
1 2 (5 × 10 ) + (5 × 10 )
𝐸= 𝐶𝑉 … (𝑖)
2 5
= = 1.25 𝐽
4
The energy stored in capacitor is lost in the
form of heat energy
7
41. ANS – 3
From Y to X charge flows to plates a and b.
(q + q ) = 0, ((q + q ) = 27μC
43. ANS – 3
3μF and 1μFare in parallel hence
C = C + C , Hence it is equal to 4μF
Now 2μF & 2μF are in series
With this equivelent capacitor (4μF
( F).
Current through resistors R1 and R3 in steady
Soving 2μF 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2μFare in series, we get 1μF.
state is zero. Therefore current through R2 is
V×𝐶 μ 𝐸 5
∴V = 𝑖 = = = 1𝐴
μ 𝑅 + 𝑟 4+1
𝐶 μ +𝐶 μ
10 × 1 Therefore charge on capacitor is
⟹V μ = ⟹V μ = 2𝑉 𝑖 𝑅
(1 + 4) 𝑞=𝐶 = 6𝜇𝐶
2
(Potential difference across 4μF capacitor is
calculated by voltage division rule) 44. ANS – 3
∴V μ = 10𝑉 (Potential difference across
5μF is same as battery)
𝑉μ 2 1
∴ = =
𝑉μ 10 5
42. ANS – 4
𝑇 = 𝐹𝑒 + 𝑚 𝑔 … … … (1)(for upper plate)
𝑇 = 𝑚 𝑔 … … … ((2)(𝑓𝑜𝑟
)(𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑚 )
𝑞
∴𝑚 𝑔= +𝑚 𝑔
2𝐴𝜀
𝑞
⟹𝑚 = +𝑚
2𝐴𝜀 𝑔
45. ANS – 2
As battery is disconnected, so charge will
remain the same. It is given that final potential
is the same.So final capacitance should be
C1=C2
𝐴ε 𝐴ε
= ⟹K=5
𝑑 1
(1.6 + d) − t 1 −
K
