1. LAWS OF MOTION POINTS TO REMEMBER (Ea (2) We see different objects in motion in our| | Q.1. Fill in the blanks : everyday life, ay ea concept (2) An object may appear to be moving for one] | (5) ‘The minimum distance between the starting person and stationary for some other. i.e. Saar ere ee a : and finishing points is called Motion is a relative concept. ae the be (3) If the position of an object is changing with| ered respect to its surroundings, then it is said to] | (2) Distance is always ———____. s ‘4 ge ss (4) Therate of change of velocity is be in motion. Abod: id to b f it ch: a) (4) Acceleration of a body may be positive or| | (5) A body is said to be in motion if it changes its . with respect to the surroundings. negative, (6) Si. unit of acceleration is : _ Total distance travelled (7) An object in motion covers (5) Speed = Total distance traveled : —" Time required equal distances in equal time intervals. (8) For a body performing uniform circular \(6) Velocity Displacement motion, its changes at every ime P point. son = Change in velocity (9) Newton's first law of motion is also called the Acceleration =——=————> a) Time lawof__ a rouatione at mation’ (20) Ina collision, is always conserved. \®) Equations of motion A (11) An Torce acting on an object (y= wats = ult 5 at(d vt = ut + as brings it in motion. (9) Force : A force is that physical quantity] | (2) Momentum is the product of on Darel peaenh ee of body and its velocity. which changes or tends to change the state! | (13) The motion of rocket is based on Newton's of rest or of uniform motion of a body in a laoreet straight line. (1 InStgetmth i , yystem, the unit of foreeis, (10) Newton 8 Best i or motion or ad (18) The first kinematic equation states the ofinertia: object. continues to remain at relation between ‘and time. rest or in a state of uniform motion along a| —=— straight line unless an external unbalanced| | |Ans. (1) relative (2) displacement (3) positive force acts on it. (4) acceleration (5) position (6) m/s? (111) Inertia: The tendency ofa body to maintain (7) uniform (8) direction (9) inertia its state of rest or of uniform motion in a| (10) momentum (11) unbalanced (12) mass straight line is‘called the inertia of the body. (13) third _(14) Newton (15) velocity 22) Momentum : The product of mass and| | @ » (a) Match the columns: velocity of an object is called its momentum. It is a vector quantity. @ [Column I Column It (13) Newton's second law : The rate of change (1) [Acceleration _[ (a) | metre/second of momentum is proportional to the applied (2) [Displacement T(b)| metre/second™ force and the change of momentum occurs in| Oa the direction of the force. clocity {o) | metre (14) Newton's third law : Every action force has| | [Ans. (1) -b; @)-¢; (3) -a. ‘an equal and opposite reaction force which acts simultaneously. @) [Column I Column I 15) Law of conservation of momentum @) [Distancel@ls=ut : When, two objects collide, the total travelled. by momentum before collision is equal to the awaniformls total momentum after collision accelerated body m,¥, +m, after time t.® Science and Technotony -IX ere ‘Ana Column 2 das law of| (@)] Column t o . ‘(| Speed is zero | (a) (@)] Negative] @) fw a consent seceleration ree Displceme a) [Acceleration [Speed @) | Velocity Rewrite the following tables so as to match the second and third columns with the first column : D Column 3 The velocity of the object remaina The velocity of the abject decreases. The velocity ofthe abject [A vohicle moving with a velocity of 1 increases. Js, stops after 5 seconds, Column 2 The velocity ofthe object decreases ith a velocity of 10| er 8 seconds. The velocity of the object increases. A car, initially at rest, reaches a) velocity of 60 km/hr in 10 see. The velocity of the abject [A vehicle is moving with a velocity of] reonstant, 25 me Column Column 3 Describes the law of mation] In a Wi juncp atin in & high jump athletic event, tho elatinship between the forces |athetevare mage ts tg ne jon two int 1g objects. bed. eee: Gives an idea of effects of farce. | Motion of ocho Als called a law af inertia, ‘he carrom coin at the bottom of 's removed when a fast movin hit it Jaeed i Wea of effets Describes the relationship [between the forces on #6 interacting objects Q3. Name the following= (1) The scientist who summarized motion in a sot of equations of motion, ‘Ans. Sir Iraac Newton. "The frst scientist to measure speed as distanceitime Ans. Galileo. (© The other name for negative acceleration. ‘Ans, Deceleration. () CGS. unit of force (©) The velocity with which gun moves in the opposite direction of fring of bullet. ‘Ans. Recoil. (CGS. unit of momentum, Ans. gem/s (20) SI. unit of momentum. Ans. ke m/s @ a 1'Dyne : The force necessary to cause an ne s* in an object of mass 1law of me hhas an equal and of ‘Aen no external force Speed ‘ama [Speed___| and ¥ Reliable Series a ‘doesnot change: inguish between the following: | Tay yplacement Displacement || |The consideration. nd Acceleration. [Acceleration [The rate of @ travelled is 7 Jimum distance between the start and always post an objectisealled @_ [Distance a] travelled is always greater Foree and Momentum. han or equal to. ‘displacement of an object the displacement. i [Fore Momentum {szero, the actual distance may %@) Uniform and Non-uniform motion (a) [Foe is podse[@)] Momentum is] - Jofmass and product of mass| () accoleration. am | Dalleeea ctioe | | Sout acceleration of and velocity of a} Ans. @ a a Noe @ Momentum is! proportional to o uniform cireular @ Unit of momentus| fs emia in MES, sand gas in COS| system, ‘changes at every, @ | The distance-time graph for uniform ation ies @ | Thedistancetime| raph for a noa| ‘uniform motion i. curved lineReliable Serieg science ant Techno 8 nf Yoh Od nomi Under the influence of this force, formmotion and non-uy Te Changing the epeed as well direction. yetion their moti emotion it sas Th aval a fireman to hold a irgeamount of water action oflarge mass of water with high covers unequal i a very high reaction foree on of i) According to Newton's law of motion, jery action has an equal and opposite Negative accele Rate of change of momentum ‘Changoof momentum Time (B+ 80, 21245 =u Displacement is AC [ABC is right angled triangle (ag?= BC+ AB? Hence, by Newton's second law of motion, Rate of change af momentum F constant of proportionality and its State and derive the “Principle of Conservation of Momentum’. ‘The five examples of uniform circular motion areas follows (@) When an athlete throws a hammer or a force acting on to bodies, then their total momentum ar Why does a felder onthe ground pul Inge enough to overcome hands backwards with the moving om - = SS = J gyeteears hue toBe Fy eae eeeratin i od objects, equal to their total final momentum. ‘This statement is true for any number of interacting objects (as) Expl bullet are iomentu is zero, The total final hhas to be zero. After fring the bs Reliable Series (A groove is provided in a saucer for placing ‘When the cup is fixe sce, the cup also Saucer. Hence, the cup does not s(@) This easier to stop a t a) Te pa en Ans. fare made to fll either on a cushion ona send bed, wincrease the time after making the decreases the rate of change of moment is Ans. ae Wh Science and Technology - IX ‘and hence the force. fot a rigid body. Therefore, (9) Its easier to eateh a plastic ball than a rubber ball of the same size dropped froma height. ) Hence, itis easier to catch a ph 10) The stock of the gun is always made is fired from a gun, the and the gun acquire momentums equal drawn parallel to Y- represent?