Class … RELATIVE CLAUSES

Full name: ………….

Exercise 1. Complete each sentence with all suitable relative pronouns or adverbs.
1. The woman __who/that______lives next door to us is a weathercaster on a local
TV station.
2. I wrote a letter to the girl __whom/who/that_____ I met at the meeting.
3. Little Woman, ___which________is a novel published in 1868, is my sister’s
favorite book.
4. The shoes __which/that______ I bought were made in Italy.
5. The students ___whose________parents you just met are my classmates.
6. Mr. Green is the man about__whom______ I have just told you.
7. Is this the address to__which_____you want the package sent?
8. The restaurant __where/in which_____my family had a farewell party with my
aunt was too expensive.
9. The restaurant __which/that_______Bob recommended was too expensive.
10. The 25th of October, 2010 was the day ___when__________I got married.
11. The 25th of October, 2010 was the day _____which/that__________ I will never
forget since it was my wedding day.
12. Tell me the reason ___why_______you are often absent from the class.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS
PEOPLE THINGS
Subject (1)……Who/ (2)……which/
that……………………. that…………………….
Object (3)……whom/who/ (4)………which/
that……………………. that………………….
Possessi (5)… (6)………
on whose………………………. whose………………….

USE RELATIVE ADVERBS

- replace an adverb of (7)……when…………………….
time
- replace an adverb of (8)………where/on
place which………………….
- refer to a reason (9)……why …………………….

- Defining relative clause is used to clarify the preceding noun.

The girl who won the race is happy. (Mệnh đề quan hệ who won the race giúp xác
định cô gái nào)
- Non-defining relative clause is used to give additional information, but do not
define. Lan, who won the race, is happy. (Mệnh đề quan hệ who won the race
nhằm cho biết thêm thông tin rằng Lan là người giành được chiến thắng trong cuộc
đua)
- NOTE:
- Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định được ngăn với mệnh đề chính bằng các dấu phẩy
(commas). - Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định đi sau:
 Danh từ riêng (được viết hoa)
 Tính từ sở hữu hoặc tính từ chỉ định như my, his, her, our, their, this, that, these,
those,…+ danh từ
 Danh từ chỉ vật duy nhất như the moon, the sun, the earth, …
 Danh từ được bổ nghĩa bởi một cụm danh từ khác ( Noun + of / with / by / on / ...+
Noun)
- THAT không được sử dụng thay thế cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH trong mệnh đề quan hệ
không xác định.
HOW TO REDUCE A RELATIVE CLAUSE:
- Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động (active), ta dùng cụm phân từ
hiện tại (present participle phrase) thay cho mệnh đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ
động từ, đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu rồi thêm –ING).
The man who is talking to Nam is from the United States.
The man talking to Nam is from the United States.
What do you call a bird which can imitate human’s voice?
What do you call a bird imitating human’s voice?
The storm which happened last night took away a lot of houses’ roofs.
The storm happening last night took away a lot of houses’ roofs. - Nếu động từ
trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive), ta dùng cụm phân từ quá khứ (past
participle phrase) thay cho mệnh đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, bắt đầu
bằng cụm từ Ved/3).
The market which was completely destroyed by a fire last year has been
rebuilt. The market completely destroyed by a fire last year has been
rebuilt.
* LƯU Ý:
Nếu danh từ (Noun) đứng trước mệnh đề quan hệ được bổ nghĩa bởi
- tính từ chỉ thứ tự như the first / the second / the third / the last / the only / the 10th …
- tính từ ở hình thức so sánh nhất the MOST+ long Adj (tính từ dài) / the + short Adj –
EST (tính từ ngắn) thì chúng ta cũng bỏ đại từ quan hệ và chuyển động từ chính sang
hình thức Toinfinitive.
He was the second person who left the room.
He was the second person to leave the room.
Pham Tuan is the first Vietnamese who has flown into the space.
Pham Tuan is the first Vietnamese to have flown into the space.
John was the last competitor who was chosen for the final round.
 John was the last competitor to be chosen for the final round.
Exercise 2. Reduce a relative clause into a phrase.
1. The man who is standing there is a clown.
--> The man, standing there is a clown
2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.
--> The envelop lying on the table has no stamp on it
3. All students who don’t hand in their papers will fail in the exam.
--> not handing
4. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.
--> being old and sick
5. Neil Armstrong, who is an American astronaut, is the first man to walk on the
moon.
--> being
6. The students don’t know how to do the exercises which were given by the teacher
yesterday.
--> given by
7. We are driving on the road which was built in 1980.
--> We are driving on the road built in 1980 ..
8. He was the first man who left the burning building.
-->He was the first man to leave the buring building
9. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the Clyde.
--> The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship to be built on the Clyde.
10. The fifth man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
--> The fifth man to be interviewed was entirely unsuitable. ...
PREPOSITIONS FOLLOWED BY RELATIVE PRONOUNS
She is the woman who(m) I told you about.

She is the woman that I told you about.

She is the woman Ø I told you about.
She is the woman about whom I told you.
The music which we listened to last night was good.

The music that we listened to last night was good.

The music Ø we listened to last night was good.
The music to which we listened last night was good.
USING “WHICH” TO MODIFY A WHOLE SENTENCE
WHICH để bổ nghĩa cho cả một câu. Mệnh đề này luôn đứng cuối câu và sau dấu
phẩy.
Tom was late, which surprised me.
It rained heavily, which prevented me from going out.
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. The paintings ________ with small red dot have already been sold.
A. which are marked B. who are marked C. that mark D. are marked
2. The speech ___________ we listened last night was informative.
A. which B. that C. to which D. to that
3. Dr. Jones is the professor _________ I told you.
A. about who B. about that C. about whose D. about whom
4. Thomas Raven is a physicist _____________ on time and space has been translated
into dozens of languages.
A. who’s book B. the book of whom C. of who the book D. whose book
5. That is the place ________ the accident occurred.
A. which B. in that C. where D. in where
6. There was a time ________ movies cost a dime.
A. which B. at that C. when D. at when
7. I enjoyed talking to the people ___________ I had diner last night.
A. with whom B. whom with C. with who D. who with
8. I received two job offers, _____________I accepted.
A. which neither B. of which neither C. neither of which D. neither of that
9. Sally lost her job, ___________ wasn’t surprising.
A. it B. that C. where D. which
10. I have three brothers, ___________ are professional athletes.
A. two of whom B. two of them C. two of who D. two of that
11. “Is September twenty-first the day ______________?”
“No, the twenty-second.”
A. you’ll arrive then B. when you’ll arrive C. on that you’ll arrive D.
when you’ll arrive on
12. Florida, ___________ the Sunshine State, attracts many tourists every year.
A. is B. known as C. is known as D. that is known as
13. People who exercise frequently have greater physical endurance than those _____.
A. who doesn’t B. that doesn’t C. which don’t D. who don’t
14. Tom quit his job at the advertising agency, ____________ surprised everyone.
A. where B. that C. which D. whom
15. I have always wanted to visit Moscow, __________of Russia.
A. is the capital B. which the capital is C. that is the capital D. the capital
16. Do you have the book _________the teacher?
A. belongs to B. belonging to C. belonged to D. is belonged to
17. Only a few of movies _________on TV are suitable for children.
A. which show B. showing C. shown D. are shown
18. I had to drive to the university to pick up my brother, __________car didn’t start.
A. who his B. who C. who’s D. whose
19. The couple ________in the house next door are both college professors.
A. that lives B. which live C. whom are living D. living
20. Thanksgiving is a time ______ everyone eats turkey in America.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
Exercise 4. Combine these pairs of sentences, using relative pronouns or adverbs.
1. The man is her father. You met him last week.
--> The man whom/who you met last week is her father
2. Zoe likes the blue T-shirt. My sister is wearing it.
--> Zoe likes the blue T-shirt which my sister is wearing.
3. Show me the new hats. You bought them last night.
--> Show me the new hats which you bought last night
4. Zoe has a sister. Her sister’s name is Juma.
--> Zoe has a sister whose name is Juma
5. That is a company. It produces rings.
--> That is a company which produces rings
6. That is a company. My father is working in that company.
--> That is a company where my father is working
7. My best friend can compose songs. She sings very well.
--> My best friend, who she sings very, can compose songs
8. Tet is a festival. Tet often happens in late January or early February.
--> Tet is a festival which often happens in late January or early February
9. Tet is an occasion. Almost all people in the family reunite at Tet.
--> Tet is an occasion when almost all people in the family reunite at
10. Zoe bought a new phone yesterday. Its brand is iPhone 12s Pro.
--> Zoe bought a new phone whose brand is iphone 12s Pro yesterday