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Lab Report Flame Test

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Lab Report Flame Test

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aaqilahhannani
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CHM131

LAB REPORT (EXPERIMENT 1)


FLAME TEST

OBJECTIVE
1.To shows how flame tests can be used to identify some metal ion.

2.To identify some unknown metal ions using flame test.

INTRODUCTION
The arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of the atom is called
electron configurations.How the electron arrange themselves around the
nucleus determines the atom’s chemical activity.This is why electron
configuration is so important to the study of chemistry.Electrons are found in
increasing energy levels around the nucleus.Adding energy to the atom may
shift electrons from a lower to a higher energy level.

Heat,light or electricity can be used to add energy to an atom’s


energy.An atom with additional energy is said to be excited.The loss of this
additional energy returns the atom to it’s normal state.The normal state,after
excitation is called the ground state.The outer electrons are those which
absorb this added energy.Whenthe energy source is removed then the excited
electrons return to their ground state.The energy,which they had absorbed,is
emitted.This emission of absorbed energy is in the form of light
energy.Analysis of this light,using a spectroscope,shows that this light is
always same for the same atom.The emission spectrum from the excited atom
consists of lines,which are always of the same frequency.

The emission spectrum for each element is unique to that element.Like a


fingerprint it can be used to identify elements and their compounds.Most of
our knowledge of the composition of the universe comes from the emission
spectra of stars.Simple flame test can be used to illustrate this.Each elemet or
it’s ion.when heated sufficiently,produces a characteristic spectrum.The ions
used in the following experiment give a visible spectrum.These can be used to
identify element.
REQUIREMENTS
- Reagent solutions
Barium Chloride
Strontium Chloride
Copper (II) Chloride
Sodium Chloride
Potassium Chloride
Unknown compounds

- Apparatus
Nichrome wire with one end sealed in a glass road.

PROCEDURE
1.The nichrome wire has been kept clean.

2.The clean nichrome wire was dipped into chloride solution until a
thin film of the solution adheres to the loop.

3.The loop of the wire was moved into the lower portion of the flame.

4.The colour seen was recorded and then we cleaned the wire.

5.All of the other solution provided was repeated the experiment.

6.The results obtained was used to identify the metal ions present in
the unknown samples supplied.
RESULT & ANALYSIS

Solution Element Present Colour of the flame

Barium chloride Barium Greenish yellow

Potassium chloride Potassium Pink lilac

Sodium chloride Sodium Brick orange

Strontiom chloride Strontium Bright red

Copper (II) chloride Copper Greenish blue

Unknown Solution Colour of the flame Element Present

A Lilac Potassium

B Greenish yellow Barium


QUESTION

1) Write the formula for all of the compounds used in the flame tests.
 Barium chloride – Ba2+ Cl- = BaCl2
 Potassium chloride – K Cl- = KCl
 Sodium chloride – Na Cl- = NaCl
 Strontium chloride – Sr2+ Cl- = SrCl2
 Copper (II) chloride – Cu2+ Cl- = CuCl2

2) What is the colour of the neon light?


 Bright colours that appear to glow with intensity.The name extends
from the perception that all coloured tube lighting are neon light but
the gas neon is only used to produce lights that are reddish-
orange.

3) Why does the sodium streetlamp give off a different colour light
then a neon light?
 The sodium streetlamp produce yellow-orange light while the neon
produces red colour because of the substances used in the lamp
absorbs and emits different wavelengths of light.

4) Why do some elements produce colourful flames?


 The flame’s colour changes due to the difference energy
levels.Element have set energy levels,so the only way we can get
different colours is by using different elements.
DISCUSSION

Based on this experiment,it show that this solution give a different


colours based on the metal ions present in it.The metal ion will be
heated and the electrons get excited to higher energy levels.The
electrons will release energy in the form of light.

First of all,we start the experiment with a Barium Chloride.Barium


Chloride is an ionic chemical compound.It is one of the most important
water-soluble salts of barium-containing compounds. Like other barium
salts, it is toxic and imparts a yellow-green coloration to a flame. It is also
hygroscopic.So,at this experiment we get a greenish yellow flame when
it burn.All in all,this is the prove the presence of Barium ion.

After that,we do another solution which is Strontium Chloride. For


your information,strontium chloride (SrCl2) is a salt of strontium and
chloride. It is a 'typical' salt, forming neutral aqueous solutions. As with
all compounds of strontium, this salt emits a bright red colour in flame,
and is commonly used in fireworks to that effect.From this
experiment,when it is burned, this element produces a brick orange
flame.So, this prove the presence of Srontium ion.

Then,we do the Copper (II) Chloride solution. Copper(II) chloride is


also known as copper di-chloride and it exists as a neutral
tetracoordinate complex. It burns at low temperatures with a deep blue
flame and is corrosive to aluminium, owing to the formation of
tetrachlorocuprate ions.Then,after we do the experiment,when it burned,
it produces a greenish blue flame. this prove the presence of copper ion.
Thus, the wavelength of copper is green.

Next, we go for the Sodium Chloride (NaCl).In this experiment,this


solution produces a brick orange flame.So this prove the presence of
sodium ions in the element and the wavelength of sodium is orange.This
colour produced because of excited electrons in the sodium atoms falling
back to lower energy levels and releasing orange visible light.

Subsequently,we do the experiment with Potassium chloride(KCl),the


colour that we got is pink lilac .This is because potassium behaves
rather like sodium except that the reaction is faster and enough heat is
given off to set light to the hydrogen. This time the normal hydrogen
flame is contaminated by potassium compounds and so is coloured lilac
(a faintly bluish pink).

Last but not least,we use the unknown solutions which is unknown A and
unknown B.For unknown A ,the solution produced lilac flame.So,we know that the
element present for this solution is Potassium.However,for unknown B,the flame
produced greenish yellow colour.In this case,we get to know that the element
present by this solution is barium.
REFERENCES

1. Science with Hazel (2020).Flame Test ,Chemistry


Practical .Retrived by:
https://youtu.be/IJkLuwt8GWU?si=9Np5cT6gQpoGY8do

2. Why does streetlamp give different colour? Refer by:


https://homework.study.com/explanation/why-does-a-sodium-
street-lamp-give-off-a-different-color-light-than-a-neon-
light.html#:~:text=The%20sodium%20lamp%20produces
%20yellow,neon%20produce%20different%20colored%20light

3. R.C. Ropp, in Encyclopedia of the Alkaline Earth Compounds,


2013 ,What contains in Barium .Retrived from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/barium-
chloride#:~:text=Barium%20chloride%20has%20the
%20formula,FIGURE%202.21

4. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Strontium_chloride#:~:text=Strontium%20chloride
%20(SrCl2)%20is,in%20fireworks%20to%20that%20effect

5. What is the type of neon colour.Refered by:


https://simplicable.com/colors/neon-colors
CONCLUSION

Based on the experimental results, it is safe to conclude that the color of the
flame will change depending on the type of the chemical solution placed on the fire.
The presence of this color is the evidence of atomic emission. Besides, there is
acorrelation between the wavelength of the element and the color produced. Each
elements have an exactly defined line emission spectrum. For example, if an
element has a low frequency and a low wavelength, it may produce a color such as
red or orange because these colors have longer wavelengths. (Mitchell 2017)

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