Chapter 1

Foundations of Engineering Economy

Solutions to Problems
1.1

Time value of money means that there is a certain worth in having money and the
worth changes as a function of time.

1.2

Morale, goodwill, friendship, convenience, aesthetics, etc.

1.3

(a) Evaluation criterion is the measure of value that is used to identify best.
(b) The primary evaluation criterion used in economic analysis is cost.

1.4

Nearest, tastiest, quickest, classiest, most scenic, etc

1.5

If the alternative that is actually the best one is not even recognized as an
alternative, it obviously will not be able to be selected using any economic
analysis tools.

1.6

In simple interest, the interest rate applies only to the principal, while compound
interest generates interest on the principal and all accumulated interest.

1.7

Minimum attractive rate of return is the lowest rate of return (interest rate) that
a company or individual considers to be high enough to induce them to invest
their money.

1.8

Equity financing involves the use of the corporations or individuals own funds
for making investments, while debt financing involves the use of borrowed funds.
An example of equity financing is the use of a corporations cash or an
individuals savings for making an investment. An example of debt financing is a
loan (secured or unsecured) or a mortgage.

1.9

Rate of return = (45/966)(100)

= 4.65%

1.10

Rate of increase = [(29 22)/22](100)

= 31.8%

1.11

Interest rate = (275,000/2,000,000)(100)

= 13.75%

1.12

Rate of return = (2.3/6)(100)

= 38.3%
Profit = 8(0.28)
= $2,240,000

1.13

1.14

P + P(0.10) = 1,600,000
1.1P = 1,600,000
P = $1,454,545

1.15

Earnings = 50,000,000(0.35)
= $17,500,000

1.16

(a) Equivalent future amount = 10,000 + 10,000(0.08)

= 10,000(1 + 0.08)
= $10,800
(b) Equivalent past amount: P + 0.08P = 10,000
1.08P = 10,000
P = $9259.26

1.17

Equivalent cost now: P + 0.1P = 16,000

1.1P = 16,000
P = $14,545.45

1.18

40,000 + 40,000(i) = 50,000

i = 25%

1.19

80,000 + 80,000(i) = 100,000

i = 25%

1.20

F = 240,000 + 240,000(0.10)(3)
= $312,000

1.21

Compound amount in 5 years = 1,000,000(1 + 0.07)5

= $1,402,552
Simple amount in 5 years = 1,000,000 + 1,000,000(0.075)(5)
= $1,375,000
Compound interest is better by $27,552

1.22

1.23

Simple: 1,000,000 = 500,000 + 500,000(i)(5)

i = 20% per year simple
Compound: 1,000,000 = 500,000(1 + i)5
(1 + i)5 = 2.0000
(1 + i) = (2.0000)0.2
i = 14.87%
Simple: 2P = P + P(0.05)(n)
P = P(0.05)(n)
n = 20 years

Compound:

1.24

2P = P(1 + 0.05)n
(1 + 0.05)n = 2.0000
n = 14.2 years

(a) Simple: 1,300,000 = P + P(0.15)(10)

2.5P = 1,300,000
P = $520,000
(b) Compound: 1,300,000 = P(1 + 0.15)10
4.0456P = 1,300,000
P = $321,340

1.25

Plan 1: Interest paid each year = 400,000(0.10)

= $40,000
Total paid = 40,000(3) + 400,000
= $520,000
Plan 2: Total due after 3 years = 400,000(1 + 0.10)3
= $532,400
Difference paid = 532,400 520,000
= $12,400

1.26

(a) Simple interest total amount = 1,750,000(0.075)(5)

= $656,250
Compound interest total = total amount due after 4 years amount borrowed
= 1,750,000(1 + 0.08)4 1,750,000
= 2,380856 1,750,000
= $630,856
(b) The company should borrow 1 year from now for a savings of $656,250
$630,856 = $25,394

1.27

The symbols are F = ?; P = $50,000; i = 15%; n = 3

1.28

(a) FV(i%,n,A,P) finds the future value, F

(b) IRR(first_cell:last_cell) finds the compound interest rate, i
(c) PMT(i%,n,P,F) finds the equal periodic payment, A
(d) PV(i%,n,A,F) finds the present value, P

1.29

(a) F = ?; i = 7%; n = 10; A = $2000; P = $9000

(b) A = ?; i = 11%; n = 20; P = $14,000; F = 0
(c) P = ?; i = 8%; n = 15; A = $1000; F = $800

1.30

(a) PV = P (b) PMT = A (c) NPER = n

(d) IRR = i

(e) FV = F

1.31

For built-in Excel functions, a parameter that does not apply can be left blank
when it is not an interior one. For example, if there is no F involved when using
the PMT function to solve a particular problem, it can be left blank because it is
an end function. When the function involved is an interior one (like P in the PMT
function), a comma must be put in its position.

1.32

(a) Risky
(b) Safe
(c) Safe
(d) Safe
(e) Risky

1.33

(a) Equity
(b) Equity
(c) Equity
(d) Debt
(e) Debt

1.34

Highest to lowest rate of return is as follows: Credit card, bank loan to new
business, corporate bond, government bond, interest on checking account

1.35

Highest to lowest interest rate is as follows: rate of return on risky investment,

minimum attractive rate of return, cost of capital, rate of return on safe
investment, interest on savings account, interest on checking account.

1.36

WACC = (0.25)(0.18) + (0.75)(0.10) = 12%

Therefore, MARR = 12%
Select the last three projects: 12.4%, 14%, and 19%

1.37

End of period convention means that the cash flows are assumed to have occurred
at the end of the period in which they took place.

1.38

The following items are inflows: salvage value, sales revenues, cost reductions
The following items are outflows: income taxes, loan interest, rebates to dealers,
accounting services

1.39

The cash flow diagram is:

F= ?
i = 10%
$9000
0

3
4

$3000
$10,000

1.40

The cash flow diagram is:

P=?
i = 15%
0 1

$40,000

1.41

Time to double = 72/8

= 9 years

1.42

Time to double = 72/9

= 8 years
Time to quadruple = (8)(2)
= 16 years

1.43

4 = 72/i
i = 18% per year

1.44

Account must double in value five times to go from $62,500 to $2,000,000 in 20

years. Therefore, account must double every 20/5 = 4 years.
Required rate of return = 72/4
= 18% per year

FE Review Solutions
1.45

Answer is (c)

1.46

2P = P + P(0.05)(n)
n = 20
Answer is (d)

1.47 Amount now = 10,000 + 10,000(0.10)

= $11,000
Answer is (c)
1.48

i = 72/9 = 8 %
Answer is (b)

1.49 Answer is (c)

1.50 Let i = compound rate of increase:

235 = 160(1 + i)5

(1 + i)5 = 235/160
(1 + i) = (1.469)0.2
(1 + i) = 1.07995
i = 7.995% = 8.0%
Answer is (c)
Extended Exercise Solution

F=?
1.

$2000
0

$500

$500

4
$500

$9000
F = [{[9000(1.08) 500] (1.08)} 500] (1.08) + (2000500)
= $10,960.60
or F = 9000(F/P,8%,3) 500(F/A,8%,3) + 2000
2. A spreadsheet uses the FV function as shown in the formula bar. F = $10,960.61.

3. F = [{[9000(1.08) 300] (1.08)} 500] (1.08) + (2000 1000)

= $11,227.33
Change is 2.02%. Largest maintenance charge is in the last year and, therefore, no
compound interest is accumulated by it.
4. The fastest method is to use the spreadsheet function:
FV(12.32%,3,500,9000) + 2000
It displays the answer:
F = $12,445.43
Case Study Solution
There is no definitive answer to the case study exercises. The following are
examples only.
1. The first four steps are: Define objective, information collection, alternative
definition and estimates, and criteria for decision-making.
Objective: Select the most economic alternative that also meets requirements such
as production rate, quality specifications, manufacturability for design
specifications, etc.
Information: Each alternative must have estimates for life (likely 10 years), AOC
and other costs (e.g., training), first cost, any salvage value, and the MARR. The
debt versus equity capital question must be addressed, especially if more than $5
million is needed.
Alternatives: For both A and B, some of the required data to perform an analysis
are:
P and S must be estimated.
AOC equal to about 8% of P must be verified.
Training and other cost estimates (annual, periodic, one-time) must be
finalized.
Confirm n = 10 years for life of A and B.
MARR will probably be in the 15% to 18% per year range.
Criteria: Can use either present worth or annual worth to select between A and B.
2. Consider these and others like them:
Debt capital availability and cost
Competition and size of market share required

Employee safety of plastics used in processing

3. With the addition of C, this is now a make/buy decision. Economic estimates
needed are:

Cost of lease arrangement or unit cost, whatever is

quoted.

Amount and length of time the arrangement is available.

Some non-economic factors may be:

Guarantee of available time as needed.

Compatibility with current equipment and designs.

Readiness of the company to enter the market now versus

later.

Chapter 2
Factors: How Time and Interest Affect Money
Solutions to Problems
2.1

1. (F/P,8%25) = 6.8485; 2. (P/A,3%,8) = 7.0197; 3. (P/G,9%,20) = 61.7770;

4. (F/A,15%,18) = 75.8364; 5. (A/P,30%,15) = 0.30598

2.2

P = 140,000(F/P,7%,4)
=140,000(1.3108)
= $183,512

2.3

F = 200,000(F/P,10%,3)
= 200,000(1.3310)
= $266,200

2.4

P = 600,000(P/F,12%,4)
= 600,000(0.6355)
= $381,300

2.5

(a) A = 225,000(A/P,15%,4)
= 225,000(0.35027)
= $78,811
(b) Recall amount = 78,811/0.10
= $788,110 per year

2.6

F = 150,000(F/P,18%,7)
= 150,000(3.1855)

= $477,825
2.7

P = 75(P/F,18%,2)
= 75(0.7182)
= $53.865 million

2.8

P = 100,000((P/F,12%,2)
= 100,000(0.7972)
= $79,720

2.9

F = 1,700,000(F/P,18%,1)
= 1,700,000(1.18)
= $2,006,000

2.10 P = 162,000(P/F,12%,6)
= 162,000(0.5066)
= $82,069
2.11 P = 125,000(P/F,14%,5)
= 125,000(0.5149)
= $ 64,925
2.12 P = 9000(P/F,10%,2) + 8000(P/F,10%,3) + 5000(P/F,10%,5)
= 9000(0.8264) + 8000(0.7513) + 5000(0.6209)
= $16,553
2.13 P = 1,250,000(0.10)(P/F,8%,2) + 500,000(0.10)(P/F,8%,5)
= 125,000(0.8573) + 50,000(0.6806)
= $141,193
2.14 F = 65,000(F/P,4%,5)
= 65,000(1.2167)
= $79,086
2.15 P = 75,000(P/A,20%,3)
= 75,000(2.1065)
= $157,988
2.16 A = 1.8(A/P,12%,6)
= 1.8(0.24323)
= $437,814
2.17 A = 3.4(A/P,20%,8)
= 3.4(0.26061)
= $886,074

2.18 P = (280,000-90,000)(P/A,10%,5)
= 190,000(3.7908)
= $720,252
2.19 P = 75,000(P/A,15%,5)
= 75,000(3.3522)
= $251,415
2.20 F = (458-360)(20,000)(0.90)(F/A,8%,5)
= 1,764,000(5.8666)
= $10,348,682
2.21 P = 200,000((P/A,10%,5)
= 200,000(3.7908)
= $758,160
2.22 P = 2000(P/A,8%,35)
= 2000(11.6546)
= $23,309
2.23 A = 250,000(A/F,9%,3)
= 250,000(0.30505)
= $76,263
2.24 F = (100,000 + 125,000)(F/A,15%,3)
= 225,000(3.4725)
= $781,313
2.25 (a) 1. Interpolate between n = 32 and n = 34:
1/2 = x/0.0014
x = 0.0007
(P/F,18%,33) = 0.0050 0.0007
= 0.0043
2. Interpolate between n = 50 and n = 55:
4/5 = x/0.0654
x = 0.05232
(A/G,12%,54) = 8.1597 + 0.05232
= 8.2120
(b) 1. (P/F,18%,33) = 1/(1+0.18)33
= 0.0042
2. (A/G,12%,54) = {(1/0.12) 54/[(1+0.12)54 1}
= 8.2143

2.26 (a)

1. Interpolate between i = 18% and i = 20% at n = 20:

1/2 = x/40.06
x = 20.03
(F/A,19%,20) = 146.6280 + 20.03
=166.658
2.

(b)

Interpolate between i = 25% and i = 30% at n = 15:

1/5 = x/0.5911
x = 0.11822
(P/A,26%,15) = 3.8593 0.11822
= 3.7411

1. (F/A,19%,20) = [(1 + 0.19)20 0.19]/0.19

= 169.6811
2. (P/A,26%,15) = [(1 + 0.26)15 1]/[0.26(1 + 0.26)15 ]
= 3.7261

2.27 (a) G = $200 (b) CF8 = $1600

(c) n = 10

2.28

(a) G = $5 million (b) CF6 = $6030 million (c) n = 12

2.29

(a) G = $100 (b) CF5 = 900 100(5) = $400

2.30 300,000 = A + 10,000(A/G,10%,5)

300,000 = A + 10,000(1.8101)
A = $281,899
2.31 (a) CF3 = 280,000 2(50,000)
= $180,000
(b) A = 280,000 50,000(A/G,12%,5)
= 280,000 50,000(1.7746)
= $191,270
2.32 (a) CF3 = 4000 + 2(1000)
= $6000
(b) P = 4000(P/A,10%,5) + 1000(P/G,10%,5)
= 4000(3.7908) + 1000(6.8618)
= $22,025
2.33 P = 150,000(P/A,15%,8) + 10,000(P/G,15%,8)
= 150,000(4.4873) + 10,000(12.4807)
= $797,902
2.34 A = 14,000 + 1500(A/G,12%,5)

= 14,000 + 1500(1.7746)
= $16,662
2.35 (a) Cost = 2000/0.2
= $10,000
(b) A = 2000 + 250(A/G,18%,5)
= 2000 + 250(1.6728)
= $2418

2.36 Convert future to present and then solve for G using P/G factor:
6000(P/F,15%,4) = 2000(P/A,15%,4) G(P/G,15%,4)
6000(0.5718) = 2000(2.8550) G(3.7864)
G = $601.94
2.37 50 = 6(P/A,12%,6) + G(P/G,12%,6)
50 = 6(4.1114) + G(8.9302)
G = $2,836,622
2.38 A = [4 + 0.5(A/G,16%,5)] [1 0.1(A/G,16%,5)
= [4 + 0.5(1.7060)] [1 0.1(1.7060)]
= $4,023,600
2.39 For n = 1: {1 [(1+0.04)1/(1+0.10)1}]}/(0.10 0.04) = 0.9091
For n = 2: {1 [(1+0.04)2/(1+0.10)2}]}/(0.10 0.04) = 1.7686
For n = 3: {1 [(1+0.04)3/(1+0.10)3}]}/(0.10 0.04) = 2.5812
2.40 For g = i, P = 60,000(0.1)[15/(1 + 0.04)]
= $86,538
2.41 P = 25,000{1 [(1+0.06)3/(1+0.15)3}]}/(0.15 0.06)
= $60,247
2.42 Find P and then convert to A.
P = 5,000,000(0.01){1 [(1+0.20)5/(1+0.10)5}]}/(0.10 0.20)
= 50,000{5.4505}
= $272,525
A = 272,525(A/P,10%,5)
= 272,525(0.26380)
= $71,892
2.43 Find P and then convert to F.
P = 2000{1 [(1+0.10)7/(1+0.15)7}]}/(0.15 0.10)
= 2000(5.3481)
= $10,696

F = 10,696(F/P,15%,7)
= 10,696(2.6600)
= $28,452
2.44 First convert future worth to P, then use Pg equation to find A.
P = 80,000(P/F,15%,10)
= 80,000(0.2472)
= $19,776
19,776 = A{1 [(1+0.09)10/(1+0.15)10}]}/(0.15 0.09)
19,776 = A{6.9137}
A = $2860
2.45 Find A in year 1 and then find next value.
900,000 = A{1 [(1+0.05)5/(1+0.15)5}]}/(0.15 0.05)
900,000 = A{3.6546)
A = $246,263 in year 1
Cost in year 2 = 246,263(1.05)
= $258,576
2.46 g = i: P = 1000[20/(1 + 0.10)]
= 1000[18.1818]
= $18,182
2.47 Find P and then convert to F.
P = 3000{1 [(1+0.05)4/(1+0.08)4}]}/(0.08 0.05)
= 3000{3.5522}
= $10,657
F = 10,657(F/P,8%,4)
= 10,657(1.3605)
= $14,498
2.48

2.49

2.50

Decrease deposit in year 4 by 5% per year for three years to get back to year 1.
First deposit = 1250/(1 + 0.05)3
= $1079.80
Simple: Total interest = (0.12)(15) = 180%
Compound: 1.8 = (1 + i)15
i = 4.0%
Profit/year = 6(3000)/0.05 = $360,000
1,200,000 = 360,000(P/A,i,10)
(P/A,i,10) = 3.3333
i = 27.3% (Excel)

2.51

2,400,000 = 760,000(P/A,i,5)
(P/A,i,5) = 3.15789
i = 17.6% (Excel)

2.52

1,000,000 = 600,000(F/P,i,5)
(F/P,i,5) = 1.6667
i = 10.8% (Excel)

2.53 125,000 = (520,000 470,000)(P/A,i,4)

(P/A,i,4) = 2.5000
i = 21.9% (Excel)
2.54 400,000 = 320,000 + 50,000(A/G,i,5)
(A/G,i,5) = 1.6000
Interpolate between i = 22% and i = 24%
i = 22.6%
2.55 85,000 = 30,000(P/A,i,5) + 8,000(P/G,i,5)
Solve for i by trial and error or spreadsheet:
i = 38.9%
(Excel)
2.56

500,000 = 75,000(P/A,10%,n)
(P/A,10%,n) = 6.6667
From 10% table, n is between 11 and 12 years; therefore, n = 11 years

2.57

160,000 = 30,000(P/A,12%,n)
(P/A,12%,n) = 5.3333
From 12% table, n is between 9 and 10 years; therefore, n = 10 years

2.58

2,000,000 = 100,000(P/A,4%,n)
(P/A,4%,n) = 20.000
From 4% table, n is between 40 and 45 years; by spreadsheet, 42 > n > 41
Therefore, n = 41 years

2.59

1,500,000 = 3,000,000(P/F,20%,n)
(P/F,20%,n) = 0.5000
From 20% table, n is between 3 and 4 years; therefore, n = 4 years

2.60

100,000 = 1,600,000(P/F,18%,n)
(P/F,18%,n) = 0.0625

From 18% table, n is between 16 and 17 years; therefore, n = 17 years

2.61

10A = A(F/A,10%,n)
(F/A,10%,n) = 10.000
From 10% table, n is between 7 and 8 years; therefore, n = 8 years

2.62

1,000,000 = 10,000{1 [(1+0.10)n/(1+0.07)n}]}/(0.07 0.10)

By trial and error, n = is between 50 and 51; therefore, n = 51 years

2.63

12,000 = 3000 + 2000(A/G,10%,n)

(A/G,10%,n) = 4.5000
From 10% table, n is between 12 and 13 years; therefore, n = 13 years

FE Review Solutions
2.64 P = 61,000(P/F,6%,4)
= 61,000(0.7921)
= $48,318
Answer is (c)
2.65 160 = 235(P/F,i,5)
(P/F,i,5) =0.6809
From tables, i = 8%
Answer is (c)
2.66

23,632 = 3000{1- [(1+0.04)n/(1+0.06)n]}/(0.06-0.04)

[(23,632*0.02)/3000]-1 = (0.98113)n
log 0.84245 = nlog 0.98113
n=9
Answer is (b)

2.67 109.355 = 7(P/A,i,25)

(P/A,i,25) = 15.6221
From tables, i = 4%
Answer is (a)
2.68 A = 2,800,000(A/F,6%,10)
= $212,436
Answer is (d)
2.69 A = 10,000,000((A/P,15%,7)
= $2,403,600

Answer is (a)
2.70 P = 8000(P/A,10%,10) + 500(P/G,10%,10)
= 8000(6.1446) + 500(22.8913)
= $60,602.45
Answer is (a)
2.71 F = 50,000(F/P,18%,7)
= 50,000(3.1855)
= $159,275
Answer is (b)
2.72 P = 10,000(P/F,10%,20)
= 10,000(0.1486)
= $1486
Answer is (d)
2.73 F = 100,000(F/A,18%,5)
= 100,000(7.1542)
= $715,420
Answer is (c)
2.74 P = 100,000(P/A,10%,5) - 5000(P/G,10%,5)
= 100,000(3.7908) - 5000(6.8618)
= $344,771
Answer is (a)
2.75 F = 20,000(F/P,12%,10)
= 20,000(3.1058)
= $62,116
Answer is (a)
2.76

A = 100,000(A/P,12%,5)
= 100,000(0.27741)
= $27,741
Answer is (b)

2.77

A = 100,000(A/F,12%,3)
= 100,000(0.29635)
= $29,635
Answer is (c)

2.78

A = 10,000(F/A,12%,25)
= 10,000(133.3339)
= $1,333,339
Answer is (d)

2.79

F = 10,000(F/P,12%,5) + 10,000(F/P,12%,3) + 10,000

= 10,000(1.7623) + 10,000(1.4049) + 10,000
= $41,672
Answer is (c)

2.80

P = 8,000(P/A,10%,5) + 900(P/G,10%,5)
= 8,000(3.7908) + 900(6.8618)
= $36,502
Answer is (d)

2.81 100,000 = 20,000(P/A,i,10)

(P/A,i,10) = 5.000
i is between 15 and 16%
Answer is (a)
2.82

60,000 = 15,000(P/A,18%,n)
(P/A,18%,n) = 4.000
n is between 7 and 8
Answer is (b)

Case Study Solution

I. Manhattan Island
Simple interest
n = 375 years from 1626 2001
P + I = P + nPi = 375(24)(.06) + 24
= P(1 + ni) = 24(1 + 375(.06))
= $564
Compound interest
F = P(F/P,6%,375)
= 24(3,088,157,729.0)
= $74,115,785,490, which is $74+ billion
F=?
after 35 years

II. Stock-option plan

F=?
after 5 years
1. Years 0 1

35

Age
2.

$50/mth = 60 deposits
22
27
Value when leaving the company
F = A(F/A,1.25%,60)
= 50(88.5745)
= $4428.73

3.

Value at age 57 (n = 30 years)

F = P(F/P,15%,30)
= 4428.73(66.2118)
= $293,234

4.

Amount for 7 years to accumulate F = $293,234

A = F(A/F,15%,7)
= 293,234(.09036)
= $26,497 per year

5.

Amount in 20s: 5(12)50 = $3000

Amount in 50s: 7(26,497) = $185,479

Chapter 3
Combining Factors
Solutions to Problems
3.1 P = 100,000(260)(P/A,10%,8)(P/F,10%,2)
= 26,000,000(5.3349)(0.8264)
= $114.628 million
3.2 P = 50,000(56)(P/A,8%,4)(P/F,8%,1)
= 2,800,000(3.3121)(0.9259)
= $8.587 million
3.3 P = 80(2000)(P/A,18%,3) + 100(2500)(P/A,18%,5)(P/F,18%,3)
= 160,000(2.1743) + 250,000(3.1272)(0.6086)
= $823,691
3.4 P = 100,000(P/A,15%,3) + 200,000(P/A,15%,2)(P/F,15%,3)
= 100,000(2.2832) + 200,000(1.6257)(0.6575)
= $442,100

57

3.5 P = 150,000 + 150,000(P/A,10%,5)

= 150,000 + 150,000(3.7908)
= $718,620
3.6 P = 3500(P/A,10%,3) + 5000(P/A,10%,7)(P/F,10%,3)
= 3500(2.4869) + 5000(4.8684)(0.7513)
= $26,992
3.7 A = [0.701(5.4)(P/A,20%,2) + 0.701(6.1)(P/A,20%,2)((P/F,20%,2)](A/P,20%,4)
= [3.7854(1.5278) + 4.2761(1.5278)(0.6944)](0.38629)
= $3.986 billion
3.8 A = 4000 + 1000(F/A,10%,4)(A/F,10%,7)
= 4000 + 1000(4.6410)(0.10541)
= $4489.21
3.9 A = 20,000(P/A,8%,4)(A/F,8%,14)
= 20,000(3.3121)(0.04130)
= $2735.79
3.10 A = 8000(A/P,10%,10) + 600
= 8000(0.16275) + 600
= $1902
3.11 A = 20,000(F/P,8%,1)(A/P,8%,8)
= 20,000(1.08)(0.17401)
= $3758.62
3.12 A = 10,000(F/A,8%,26)(A/P,8%,30)
= 10,000(79.9544)(0.08883)
= $71,023
3.13 A = 15,000(F/A,8%,9)(A/F,8%,10)
= 15,000(12.4876)(0.06903)
= $12,930
3.14 A = 80,000(A/P,10%,5) + 80,000
= 80,000(0.26380) + 80,000
= $101,104
3.15 A = 5000(A/P,6%,5) + 1,000,000(0.15)(0.75)
= 5000(0.2374) + 112,500
= $113,687
3.16 A = [20,000(F/A,8%,11) + 8000(F/A,8%,7)](A/F,8%,10)

= [20,000(16.6455) + 8000(8.9228)]{0.06903)
= $27,908
3.17 A = 600(A/P,12%,5) + 4000(P/A,12%,4)(A/P,12%,5)
= 600(0.27741) + 4000(3.0373)(0.27741)
= $3536.76
3.18 F = 10,000(F/A,15%,21)
= 10,000(118.8101)
= $1,188,101
3.19

100,000 = A(F/A,7%,5)(F/P,7%,10)
100,000 = A(5.7507)(1.9672)
A = $8839.56

3.20

F = 9000(F/P,8%,11) + 600(F/A,8%,11) + 100(F/A,8%,5)

= 9000(2.3316) + 600(16.6455) + 100(5.8666)
= $31,558

3.21

Worth in year 5 = -9000(F/P,12%,5) + 3000(P/A,12%,9)

= -9000(1.7623) + 3000(5.3282)
= $123.90

3.22

Amt, year 5 = 1000(F/A,12%,4)(F/P,12%,2) + 2000(P/A,12%,7)(P/F,12%,1)

= 1000(4.7793)(1.2544) + 2000(4.5638)(0.8929)
= $14,145

3.23

A = [10,000(F/P,12%,3) + 25,000](A/P,12%,7)
= [10,000(1.4049) + 25,000](0.21912)
= $8556.42

3.24 Cost of the ranch is P = 500(3000) = $1,500,000.

1,500,000 = x + 2x(P/F,8%,3)
1,500,000 = x + 2x(0.7938)
x = $579,688
3.25 Move unknown deposits to year 1, amortize using A/P, and set equal to $10,000.
x(F/A,10%,2)(F/P,10%,19)(A/P,10%,15) = 10,000
x(2.1000)(6.1159)(0.13147) = 10,000
x = $5922.34
3.26 350,000(P/F,15%,3) = 20,000(F/A,15%,5) + x
350,000(0.6575) = 20,000(6.7424) + x
x = $95,277

3.27 Move all cash flows to year 9.

0 = -800(F/A,14%,2)(F/P,14%,8) + 700(F/P,14%,7) + 700(F/P,14%,4)
950(F/A,14%,2)(F/P,14%,1) + x 800(P/A,14%,3)
0 = -800(2.14)2.8526) + 700(2.5023) + 700(1.6890)
950(2.14)(1.14) + x 800(2.3216)
x = $6124.64
3.28 Find P at t = 0 and then convert to A.
P = 5000 + 5000(P/A,12%,3) + 3000(P/A,12%,3)(P/F,12%,3)
+ 1000(P/A,12%,2)(P/F,12%,6)
= 5000 + 5000(2.4018) + 3000(2.4018)(0.7118)
+ 1000(1.6901)(0.5066)
= $22,994
A = 22,994(A/P,12%,8)
= 22,994(0.20130)
= $4628.69
3.29 F = 2500(F/A,12%,8)(F/P,12%,1) 1000(F/A,12%,3)(F/P,12%,2)
= 2500(12.2997)(1.12) 1000(3.3744)(1.2544)
= $30,206
3.30 15,000 = 2000 + 2000(P/A,15%,3) + 1000(P/A,15%,3)(P/F,15%,3) + x(P/F,15%,7)
15,000 = 2000 + 2000(2.2832) + 1000(2.2832)(0.6575) + x(0.3759)
x = $18,442
3.31 Amt, year 3 = 900(F/A,16%,4) + 3000(P/A,16%,2) 1500(P/F,16%,3)
+ 500(P/A,16%,2)(P/F,16%,3)
= 900(5.0665) + 3000(1.6052) 1500(0.6407)
+ 500(1.6052)(0.6407)
= $8928.63
3.32 A = 5000(A/P,12%,7) + 3500 + 1500(F/A,12%,4)(A/F,12%,7)
= 5000(0.21912) + 3500 + 1500(4.7793)(0.09912)
= $5306.19
3.33 20,000 = 2000(F/A,15%,2)(F/P,15%,7) + x(F/A,15%,7) + 1000(P/A,15%,3)
20,000 = 2000(2.1500)(2.6600) + x(11.0668) + 1000(2.2832)
x = $567.35
3.34 P = [4,100,000(P/A,6%,22) 50,000(P/G,6%,22)](P/F,6%,3)
+ 4,100,000(P/A,6%,3)
= [4,100,000(12.0416) 50,000(98.9412](0.8396)
+ 4,100,000(2.6730)
= $48,257,271

3.35 P = [2,800,000(P/A,12%,7) + 100,000(P/G,12%,7) + 2,800,000](P/F,12%,1)

= [2,800,000(4.5638) + 100,000(11.6443) + 2,800,000](0.8929)
= $14,949,887
3.36 P for maintenance = [11,500(F/A,10%,2) + 11,500(P/A,10%,8)
+ 1000(P/G,10%,8)](P/F,10%,2)
= [11,500(2.10) + 11,500(5.3349) + 1000(16.0287)](0.8264)
= $83,904
P for accidents = 250,000(P/A,10%,10)
= 250,000(6.1446)
= $1,536,150
Total savings = 83,904 + 1,536,150
= $1,620,054
Build overpass
3.37 Find P at t = 0, then convert to A.
P = [22,000(P/A,12%,4) + 1000(P/G,12%,4) + 22,000](P/F,12%,1)
= [22,000(3.0373) + 1000(4.1273) + 22,000](0.8929)
= $82,993
A = 82,993(A/P,12%,5)
= 82,993(0.27741)
= $23,023
3.38 First find P and then convert to F.
P = -10,000 + [4000 + 3000(P/A,10%,6) + 1000(P/G,10%,6)
7000(P/F,10%,4)](P/F,10%,1)
= -10,000 + [4000 + 3000(4.3553) + 1000(9.6842)
7000(0.6830)](0.9091)
= $9972
F = 9972(F/P,10%,7)
= 9972(1.9487)
= $19,432
3.39 Find P in year 0 and then convert to A.
P = 4000 + 4000(P/A,15%,3) 1000(P/G,15%,3) + [(6000(P/A,15%,4)
+2000(P/G,15%,4)](P/F,15%,3)
= 4000 + 4000(2.2832) 1000(2.0712) + [(6000(2.8550)
+2000(3.7864)](0.6575)
= $27,303.69
A = 27,303.69(A/P,15%,7)
= 27,303.69(0.24036)
= $6563

3.40 40,000 = x(P/A,10%,2) + (x + 2000)(P/A,10%,3)(P/F,10%,2)

40,000 = x(1.7355) + (x + 2000)(2.4869)(0.8264)
3.79067x = 35,889.65
x = $9467.89 (size of first two payments)
3.41 11,000 = 200 + 300(P/A,12%,9) + 100(P/G,12%,9) 500(P/F,12%,3)
+ x(P/F,12%,3)
11,000 = 200 + 300(5.3282) + 100(17.3563) 500(0.7118) + x(0.7118)
x = $10,989
3.42 (a) In billions
P in yr 1 = -13(2.73) + 5.3{[1 (1 + 0.09)10/ (1 + 0.15)10]/(0.15 0.09)}
= -35.49 + 5.3(6.914)
= $1.1542 billion
P in yr 0 = 1.1542(P/F,15%,1)
= 1.1542(0.8696)
= $1.004 billion

3.43

Find P in year 1; then find A in years 0-5.

Pg in yr 2 = (5)(4000){[1 - (1 + 0.08)18/(1 + 0.10)18]/(0.10 - 0.08)}
= 20,000(14.0640)
= $281,280
P in yr 1 = 281,280(P/F,10%,3) + 20,000(P/A,10%,3)
= 281,280(0.7513) + 20,000(2.4869)
= $261,064
A = 261,064(A/P,10%,6)
= 261,064(0.22961)
= $59,943

3.44

Find P in year 1 and then move forward 1 year

P-1= 20,000{[1 (1 + 0.05)11/(1 + 0.14)11]/(0.14 0.05)}.
= 20,000(6.6145)
= $132,290
P = 132,290(F/P,14%,1)
= 132,290(1.14)
= $150,811

3.45

P = 29,000 + 13,000(P/A,10%,3) + 13,000[7/(1 + 0.10)](P/F,10%,3)

= 29,000 + 13,000(2.4869) + 82,727(0.7513)
= $123,483

3.46

Find P in year 1 and then move to year 0.

P (yr 1) = 15,000{[1 (1 + 0.10)5/(1 + 0.16)5]/(0.16 0.10)}
= 15,000(3.8869)
= $58,304
P = 58,304(F/P,16%,1)
= 58,304(1.16)
= $67,632

3.47

Find P in year 1 and then move to year 5.

P (yr 1) = 210,000[6/(1 + 0.08)]
= 210,000(0.92593)
= $1,166,667
F = 1,166,667(F/P,8%,6)
= 1,166,667(1.5869)
= $1,851,383

3.48

P = [2000(P/A,12%,6) 200(P/G,12%,6)](F/P,12%,1)
= [2000(4.1114) 200(8.9302](1.12)
= $7209.17

3.49

P = 5000 + 1000(P/A,12%,4) + [1000(P/A,12%,7) 100(P/G,12%,7)]

(P/F,12%,4)
= 5000 + 1000(3.0373) + [1000(4.5638) 100(11.6443)](0.6355)
= $10,198

3.50

Find P in year 0 and then convert to A.

P = 2000 + 2000(P/A,10%,4) + [2500(P/A,10%,6) 100(P/G,10%,6)](P/F,10%,4)
= 2000 + 2000(3.1699) + [2500(4.3553) 100(9.6842)](0.6830)
= $15,115
A = 15,115(A/P,10%,10)
= 15,115(0.16275)
= $2459.97

3.51

20,000 = 5000 + 4500(P/A,8%,n) 500(P/G,8%,n)

Solve for n by trial and error:
Try n = 5: $15,000 > $14,281
Try n = 6: $15,000 < $15,541
By interpolation, n = 5.6 years

3.52 P = 2000 + 1800(P/A,15%,5) 200(P/G,15%,5)

= 2000 + 1800(3.3522) 200(5.7751)
= $6878.94

3.53 F = [5000(P/A,10%,6) 200(P/G,10%,6)](F/P,10%,6)

= [5000(4.3553) 200(9.6842)](1.7716)
= $35,148
FE Review Solutions
3.54

x = 4000(P/A,10%,5)(P/F,10%,1)
= 4000(3.7908)(0.9091)
= $13,785
Answer is (d)

3.55

P = 7 + 7(P/A,4%,25)
= $116.3547 million
Answer is (c)

3.56

Answer is (d)

3.57

Size of first deposit = 1250/(1 + 0.05)3

= $1079.80
Answer is (d)

3.58

Balance = 10,000(F/P,10%,2) 3000(F/A,10%,2)

= 10,000(1.21) 3000(2.10)
= $5800
Answer is (b)

3.59 1000 = A(F/A,10%,5)(A/P,10%,20)

1000 = A(6.1051)(0.11746)
A = $1394.50
Answer is (a)
3.60 First find P and then convert to A.
P = 1000(P/A,10%,5) + 2000(P/A,10%,5)(P/F,10%,5)
= 1000(3.7908) + 2000(3.7908)(0.6209)
= $8498.22
A = 8498.22(A/P,10%,10)
= 8498.22(0.16275)
= $1383.08
Answer is (c)
3.61 100,000 = A(F/A,10%,4)(F/P,10%,1)
100,000 = A(4.6410)(1.10)
A = $19,588

Answer is (a)
3.62 F = [1000 + 1500(P/A,10%,10) + 500(P/G,10%,10](F/P,10%,10)
= [1000 + 1500(6.1446) + 500(22.8913](2.5937)
= $56,186
Answer is (d)
3.63 F = 5000(F/P,10%,10) + 7000(F/P,10%,8) + 2000(F/A,10%,5)
= 5000(2.5937) + 7000(2.1438) + 2000(6.1051)
= $40,185
Answer is (b)
Extended Exercise Solution
Solution by Hand
Cash flows for purchases at g = 25% start in year 0 at $4 million. Cash flows for parks
development at G = $100,000 start in year 4 at $550,000. All cash flow signs in the
solution are +.
Cash flow________
Year
Land
Parks
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

$4,000,000
3,000,000
2,250,000
1,678,000
1,265.625
949,219

$550,000
650,000
750,000

1. Find P for all project funds (in $ million)

P = 4 + 3(P/F,7%,1) + + 0.750(P/F,7%,6)
= 13.1716
($13,171,600)
Amount to raise in years 1 and 2:
A = (13.1716 3.0)(A/P,7%,2)
= (10.1716)(0.55309)
= 5.6258
2.

($5,625,800 per year)

Find remaining project fund needs in year 3, then find the A for the next 3 years
(years 4, 5, and 6):
F3 = (13.1716 3.0)(F/P,7%,3)
= (10.1716)(1.2250)

= 12.46019
A = 12.46019(A/P,7%,3)
= 12.46019(0.38105)
= 4.748
Extended Exercise Solution
Solution by computer

($4,748,000 per year)