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Describe The Parts and Functions of The Plant Cell

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Kier James Dioquino
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20 views1 page

Describe The Parts and Functions of The Plant Cell

Uploaded by

Kier James Dioquino
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Parts and Functions of the Plant Cell

Cell Structure (Cell Organelles)


1. Vesicles are released from multivesicular bodies or shed from the surface membrane. They
contain various bioactive molecules and their molecular composition varies depending on their
cellular origin and is small closed fragments of the membrane.
2. The nuclear envelope has an inner nuclear membrane and an outer nuclear membrane that
is known as two lipid bilayer membranes. It could be found in eukaryotic cells that surround the
nucleus, which encases the genetic material.
3. The nucleolus is an organelle that is composed of proteins and ribonucleic acids. Its main
function is to revise the ribosomal RNA and associate it with proteins. Its outcome is the
formation of incomplete ribosomes.
4. The filamentous cytoskeleton is a structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal
organization, and it also provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential
functions like division and movement.
5. Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum is noted from the other parts of the endoplasmic reticulum
by the absence of the ribosomes. Its principal roles are the synthesis of steroid hormones, lipids,
the storage and metabolism of calcium ions within the cell, and the detoxification of harmful
metabolic byproducts.
6. Plasmodesmata (singular: plasmodesma) are tiny tunnels that enable the plant cells and
cells of alga to move along the cell walls of the plant allowing transit and communication
between them.
7. Chloroplast contains a green pigment that traps sunlight and converts it into sugars by a
process called photosynthesis. The sugars are the products of photosynthesis that serves as a
source of energy to the plants and the animals that eat them.
8. A Vacuole is large membrane-enclosed compartments that store toxic wastes as well as
useful products such as water. These are mainly found in plants.
9. Mitochondrion (Mitochondria) is the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell. It produces the necessary
energy for the cell's survival and functioning. The mitochondria break down glucose into an
energy molecule known as Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) that is used to fuel various other
cellular processes through a series of chemical reactions.
10. The Plasma membrane (Cell membrane) is a protective layer that surrounds every cell and
separates it from its external environment. It is located just inside the cell wall and is composed
of complex lipids (fats) and proteins.
11. The peroxisome is membrane-bound packets of oxidative enzymes. It plays various roles
including converting fatty acids to sugar and assisting chloroplasts in photorespiration.
12. The cell wall is the plant cell's tough outermost layer. It makes the cell rigid, providing the
cell with fixed support, and giving it protection. Animal cells do not have cell walls.
13. Golgi vesicles (Golgi apparatus/body) is a stack of membrane-covered sacs that prepares
proteins for export from the cell.
14. The cytoplasm is a thick, fluid solution in which the structures are found. It holds the
internal parts of the cells in place and supports them from damage.
15. Leucoplast is a group of plastids that have different functions, these colorless organelles act
as a store for starch in non-green tissues such as roots, tubers, or seeds.
16. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with millions of membranes- bound
ribosomes. It is involved with the production, quality control, folding, and dispatch of some
proteins.
17. The nucleus is known as the ‘control center’ of the cell. It contains the genetic material that
directs all the activities of the cell called the Deoxyribonucleic acid. Only eukaryotic cells have
nuclei, prokaryotic cells do not.
18. Ribosomes are little round structures that produce proteins. They are found in the thick,
fluid solution known as the cytoplasm or attach to the endoplasmic reticulum.

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