ASSIGNMENT

Work, Power & Energy

1. A body of mass 2 kg, initially at rest, is acted upon 6. A particle moves in a straight line with retardation
simultaneously by two forces, one of 4N and other of proportional to its displacement. The loss in kinetic
3N, acting at right angles to each other. The work energy of the particle, for any displacement x, is
done by the body after 20 s is proportional to
(A) 500 J (B) 1250 J (A) x2 (B) ex
(C) 2500 J (D) 5000 J (C) x (D) loge x

2. A body of mass 500 g is taken up an inclined plane 7. Which of the diagrams as shown in figure most
of length 10 m and height 5 m and then released to closely shows the variation in kinetic energy of the
slide down to the bottom. The coefficient of friction earth as it moves once around the sun in its elliptical
between the body and the plane is 0.1. What is the orbit?
amount of work done in the round trip?
(A) 5 J (B) 15 J
5 (A) (B)
(C) 5 3J (D) J
3

3. A block of mass 5 kg is initially at rest on a

horizontal frictionless surface. A horizontal force
(C) (D)
F = (9 − x2 )iˆ Newton acts on it, when the block is at
x = 0. The maximum work done by the block
between x = 0 and x = 3 m in joule is
(A) 18 J (B) 15 J 8. A particle is moving in a circular path of radius a
(C) 20 J (D) 24 J k
under the action of an attractive potential U = − 2 .
2r
4. An object is displaced from point A (2m, 3m, 4m) to Its total energy is
a point B (1m, 2m, 3m) under a constant force k k
(A) − 2 (B)
F = (2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ) N , then the work done by this 4a 2a 2
force in this process is 3 k
(C) zero (D) −
(A) 9 J (B) −9 J 2 a2
(C) 18 J (D) −18 J
9. The potential energy of a 1 kg particle free to move
5. An open water tight railway wagon of mass 5 × 10 3  x4 x2 
along the x-axis is given by V ( x) =  −  J . The
kg coasts with an initial velocity of 1.2 ms−1 on a  4 2
railway track without friction. Rain falls vertically total mechanical energy of the particle is 2 J. Then,
downwards on the wagon. the maximum speed (in ms–1) is
What change occurs in the kinetic energy of the 3
wagon, after it has collected 103 kg of water? (A) (B) 2
2
(A) 900 J (B) 300 J
1
(C) 600 J (D) 1200 J (C) (D) 2
2
 2

10. A particle is placed at the origin and a force F = kx

acts on it (where, k is a positive constant). If U (0) =
0, the graph of U(x ) versus x will be (where, U is the
(A) (B)
potential energy function)

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

(C) (D)
15. A body of mass m is accelerated uniformly from rest
to a speed v in a time interval T. The instantaneous
power delivered to the body as a function of time (t),
is given by
11. A 1.5 kg block is initially at rest on a horizontal
frictionless surface, when a horizontal force in the mv 2 mv2 2
(A) t (B) t
positive direction of x-axis, is applied to the block. T2 T2
The force is given by F = (4 – x2) i Newton, where x 1 mv 2 1 mv 2 2
is in metre and the initial position of the block is at x (C) t (D) t
2 T2 2 T2
= 0. The maximum kinetic energy of the block
between x = 0 and x = 2.0m is
16. A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a
(A) 6.67 J (B) 5.33 J
mass of 10 kg up to a height of 1 m, 1000 times.
(C) 8.67 J (D) 2.44 J Assume that the potential energy lost each time he
lowers the mass is dissipated. How much fat will he
12. A cyclist rides up a hill with a constant velocity. use up considering the work done only when the
Determine the power developed by the cyclist, if the weight is lifted up? Fat supplies 3.8 × 107 J of energy
length of the connecting rod of the pedal is r = 25cm, per kg which is converted into mechanical energy
the time of revolution of the rod is t = 2s and the with a 20% of efficiency rate. (Take, g = 9.8 ms–2)
mean force exerted by his foot on the pedal is F =15 (A) 2.45 10−3 kg (B) 6.45 10−3 kg
kgf.
(C) 9.89 10−3 kg (D) 12.89 10−3 kg
(A) 115.6 W (B) 215.6 W
(C) 15.6 W (D) 11.56 W
17. A time dependent force F = 6t acts on a particle of
mass 1 kg. If the particle starts from rest, the work
13. Power supplied to a particle of mass 2 kg varies with done by the force during the first 1 s will be
time as P = 3t 2 / 2W , where t is in second. If (A) 22 J (B) 9 J
velocity of the particle at t = 0 is v = 0, the velocity
(C) 18 J (D) 4.5 J
of the particle at t = 2s, will be
18. Match the categories of energy given in column I
(A) 1ms −1 (B) 4ms−1
with their formula given in column II and select the
(C) 2ms−1 (D) 2 2 ms–1 correct option from the choices given below.
14. A body is moving unidirectionally under the Column I Column II
influence of a source of constant power supplying
A. Spring energy 1. 1 2
energy. Which of the diagrams as shown in figure mv
correctly shows the displacement-time curve for its 2
motion? B. Kinetic energy 2. Mgh
C. Potential energy 3. 1 2
kx
2
 3

A B C 21. A block of mass 0.5 kg has an initial velocity of 10

(A) 3 2 1 ms−1 while moving down an inclined plane of angle
(B) 3 1 2 30°, the coefficient of friction between the block and
the inclined surface is 0.2. The velocity of the block,
(C) 1 2 3
after it covers a distance of 10 m, is
(D) 2 3 1
(A) 17 ms−1 (B) 13 ms−1
(C) 24 ms−1 (D) 8 ms−1
Direction (Q. Nos. 19-20) These question consists of two
statements each printed as Statement I and Statement
II. While answering these questions you are required 22. Two inclined frictionless tracks, one gradual and the
to choose any one of the following five responses. other steep meet at A from where two stones are
allowed to slide down from rest, one on each track as
shown in figure.
19. Statement: I A body cannot have energy without
having momentum but it can have momentum
without having energy.
Statement: II Momentum and energy have same
dimensions.
(A) If both Statement I and Statement II are correct
and Statement II is the correct explanation of Which of the following statement is correct?
Statement I. (A) Both the stones reach the bottom at the same
(B) If both Statement I and Statement II are correct time but not with the same speed
but Statement II is not correct explanation of (B) Both the stones reach the bottom with the same
Statement I. speed and stone I reaches the bottom earlier
(C) If Statement I is correct but Statement II is than stone II
incorrect. (C) Both the stones reach the bottom with the same
(D) If Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is speed and stone II reaches the bottom earlier
correct. than stone I
(E) If both Statement I and Statement II are (D) Both the stones reach the bottom at different
incorrect times and with different speeds

20. Statement: I When a machine-gun fires n bullets per 23. Suppose the average mass of raindrops is 3 × 10–5 kg
second with kinetic energy K, then the power of the and their average terminal velocity 9 ms−1. Then the
machine-gun is P = nK. energy transferred by rain to each square metre of the
Work nk surface at a place which receives 100 cm of rain in a
Statement: II Power = = year is
Time 1
(A) If both Statement I and Statement II are correct (A) 302 102 J (B) 102 105 J
and Statement II is the correct explanation of (C) 4.05 104 J (D) 9.2 103 J
Statement I. 24. A ball of mass m is dropped from a height h on a
(B) If both Statement I and Statement II are correct massless platform fixed at the top of a vertical spring
but Statement II is not correct explanation of as shown below. The platform is depressed by a
Statement I. distance x. What will be the value of the spring
(C) If Statement I is correct but Statement II is constant?
incorrect.
(D) If Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is
correct.
(E) If both Statement I and Statement II are
incorrect
 4

(A) 2 mg/x (B) 2 mgh/x 30. A body of mass m = 10–2 kg is moving in a medium
(C) 2mg(h + x)/x2 (D) 2mg (h) + 2mghx/x2 and experiences a frictional force F = –kv2. Its initial
speed is v0 = 10 ms–1. If after 10 s, its energy is
25. A force F = − k (yi + xj), acts on a particle moving in 1 2
mv0 , the value of k will be
the xy-plane. Starting from the origin, the particle is 8
taken along the positive x-axis to the point (a, 0) and (A) 103 kgs–1 (B) 10–4 kgm–1
is then taken parallel to the y-axis to the point (a, a). (C) 10–1 kgm–1 s–1 (D) 10–3 kgm–1
The total work done by the force is
(A) −2ka 2 (B) 2ka2 31. A uniform chain of length l and weight w is hanging
(C) −ka 2
(D) ka 2 from its ends A and B which are close together. At a
given instant end B is released. The tension at A
l
26. A uniform chain of length 2 m is kept on a table such when B has fallen a distance x  is
that a length of 60 cm hangs freely from the edge of 2
the table. The total mass of the chain is 4 kg. What is w  3x  w  3x 
(A) − 2 (B) 3− 
the work done in pulling the entire chain on the 2  l  2  4
table?
w  3x  w  3x 
(C) 1+  (D) + 4
2  2  l
(A) 7.2 J (B) 3.6 J
l  
(C) 120 J (D) 1200 J

32. A body is moved along a straight line by a machine

27. A 70 kg man leaps vertically into the air from a
delivering a constant power. The distance moved by
crouching position. To take the leap the man pushes
the body in time t is proportional to
the ground with a constant force F to raise himself.
(A) t3/4 (B) t3/2
The centre of gravity rises by 0.5 m before he leaps.
After the leap the centre of gravity rises by another 1 (C) t1/4 (D) t1/2
m. The maximum power delivered by the muscles is
(take, g =10ms−2) 33. The potential energy function for the force between
(A) 6.26 × 103 W at the start two atoms in a diatomic molecule is approximately
(B) 6.26 × 103 W at take off a b
given by U ( x) = 12 − 6 , where a and b are
(C) 6.26 × 104 W at the start x x
(D) 6.26 × 104 W at take off constants and x is the distance between the atoms. If
the dissociation energy of the molecule is D = [U(x =
) – Uat equilibrium], D is
28. If two springs S1 and S2 of force constants k1 and k2,
respectively are stretched by the same force, it is b2 b2
(A) (B)
found that more work is done on spring S1 than on 2a 12a
spring S2. The correct option is b2 b2
(C) (D)
(A) w1 = w2 (B) k1  k2 4a 6a
(C) k1  k2 (D) None of these
34. Under the action of force, 3 kg body moves such that
29. At time t = 0 s particle starts moving along the x-
t3
its position x as a function of time t is given by ,
axis. If its kinetic energy increases uniformly with 3
time t, the net force acting on it must be proportional where x in meter and t in second. Then, work done
to by the force in the first 2 s is
(A) 8 J (B) 16 J
(A) t (B) constant
(C) 24 J (D) 30 J
1
(C) t (D)
t
 5

35. When a rubber band is stretched by a distance x, it 40. A particle (m = 1kg) slides down a frictionless track
exerts a restoring force of magnitude F = ax + bx2, (AOC) starting from rest at a point A (height 2m).
where, a and b are constants. The work done in After reaching C, the particle continues to move
stretching the unstretched rubber band by L is freely in air as a projectile. When it reaching its
1 2 highest point P (height 1 m), the kinetic energy of the
(A) aL2 + bL3 (B) (aL + bL3 ) particle (in J) is: (Figure drawn is schematic and not
2
to scale; take g = 10 ms–2)
aL2 bL3 1  aL2 bL3 
(C) + (D)  + 
2 3 2 2 3 
41. 60 HP electric motor lifts an elevator having a
maximum total load capacity of 2000 kg. If the
36. A spring gun having a spring of spring constant k is frictional force on the elevator is 4000 N, the speed
placed at a height h. A ball of mass m is placed in its of the elevator at full load is close to (Take, 1 HP =
barrel and compressed by a distance x. Where shall 746 W, g = 10 ms–2)
we place a box on the ground, so that the ball lands (A) 2.0 ms–1 (B) 1.5 ms–1
in the box? (C) 1.9 ms–1 (D) 1.7 ms–1
kh 2kh 42. An elevator in a building can carry a maximum of 10
(A) x (B) x
mg mg persons with the average mass of each person being
68 kg. The mass of the elevator itself is 920 kg and it
kh kh moves with a constant speed of 3 m/s. The frictional
(C) x (D)
2mg 2mg force opposing the motion is 6000 N. If the elevator
is moving up with its full capacity, the power
37. A person pushes a box on a rough horizontal delivered by the motor to the elevator (g = 10 m/s2)
platform surface. He applies a force of 200 N over a must be at least
distance of 15 m. Thereafter, he gets progressively (A) 62360 W (B) 4800 W
trired and his applied force reduces linearly with (C) 56300 W (D) 66000 W
distance to 100 N. The total distance through which 43. Consider a force F = − xiˆ + yjˆ . The work done by
the box has been moved is 30 m. What is the work
this force in moving a particle from point A(1, 0) to
done by the person during the total movement of the
B(0, 1) along the line segment is (all quantities are in
box?
SI units)
(A) 2550 J (B) 27 80 J
(C) 3280 J (D) 5690 J

38. A body of mass 2 kg is driven by an engine

delivering a constant power of 1 J/s. The body starts
from rest and moves in a straight line. After 9 s, the
body has moved a distance (in m) 3
(A) (B) 2
2
39. If the potential energy between two molecules is 1
(C) 1 (D)
A B 2
given by U = − 6 + 12 , then at equilibrium,
r r 44. A particle moves in one dimension from rest under
separation between molecules and the potential the influence of a force that varies with the distance
energy are travelled by the particle as shown in the figure. The
1/6 1/6
 B  A2 B kinetic energy of the particle after it has travelled 3 m
(A)   , − (B)   ,0 is
 2A  2B  A
1/6 1/6
 2B  A2  2B  A2
(C)   ,− (D)   ,−
 A 4B  A 2B
 6

(A) 4 J (B) 2.5 J

(C) 6.5 J (D) 5 J

45. A body of mass 2 kg makes an elastic collision with

mg 2t 2 3mg 2t 2
a second body at rest and continues to move in the (A) (B)
original direction but with one-fourth of its original 8 8
speed. What is the mass of the second body? mg 2t 2
(C) 0 (D) −
(A) 1.5 kg (B) 1.2 kg 8
(C) 1.8 kg (D) 1.0 kg
51. A particle which is experiencing a force, is given by
46. A uniform cable of mass M and length L is placed on F = 3iˆ − 12 ˆj , undergoes a displacement of d = 4iˆ . If
1 the particle had a kinetic energy of 3 J at the
a horizontal surface such that its   th part is
n beginning of the displacement, what is its kinetic
hanging below the edge of the surface. To lift the energy at the end of the displacement?
hanging part of the cable upto the surface, the work (A) 9 J (B) 15 J
done should be (C) 12 J (D) 10 J
2MgL
(A) (B) nMgL
n2 52. A body of mass 1 kg falls freely from a height of 100
MgL MgL m on a platform of mass 3 kg which is mounted on a
(C) (D) spring having spring constant k = 1.25 × 106 N/m.
n2 2n2
The body sticks to the platform and the spring's
maximum compression is found to be x. Given that g
47. A uniform chain of length 2 m is kept on a table such
= 10 ms–2, the value of x will be close to
that a length of 60 cm hangs freely from the edge of
(A) 8 cm (B) 4 cm
the table. The total mass of the chain is 4 kg . What
is the work done in pulling the entire chain on the (C) 40 cm (D) 80 cm
table?
(A) 7.2 J (B) 3.6 J 53. person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a
(C) 120 J (D) 1200 J mass of 10 kg up to a height of 1 m,1000 times.
Assume that the potential energy lost each time he
lowers the mass is dissipated. How much fat will he
48. A force F = (5i + 3j + 2k)N is applied over a particle
use up considering the work done only when the
which displaces it from its origin to the point r = (2i
weight is lifted up? Fat supplies 3.8 × 107 J of energy
– j)m. The work done on the particle in joule is
per kg which is converted into mechanical energy
(A) –7 (B) +7 with a 20% efficiency rate. (Take, g = 9.8ms–2)
(C) +10 (D) +13 (A) 2.45 10−3 kg (B) 6.45 10−3 kg
(C) 9.89 10−3 kg (D) 12.89 10−3 kg
49. A force acts on a 2 kg object, so that its position is
given as a function of time as x = 3t2 + 5. What is the
work done by this force in first 5 seconds? 54. A spring of spring constant 5 × 103 N/m is stretched
(A) 850 J (B) 900 J initially by 5 cm from the unstretched position. Then,
(C) 950 J (D) 875 J the work required to stretch it further by another 5
cm is
(A) 12.50 N-m (B) 18.75 N-m
50. A block of mass m is kept on a platform which starts
(C) 25.00 N-m (D) 6.25 N-m
g
from rest with constant acceleration upwards as 55. When a rubber band is stretched by a distance x, it
2
exerts a restoring force of magnitude F = ax + bx2,
shown in figure. Work done by normal reaction on
where a and b are constants. The work done in
block in time t is
stretching the unstretched rubber band by L is
 7

1 2 3
(A) aL2 + bL3 (B) (aL + bL3 ) (A) (B) 2f
2 2
aL2 bL3 1  aL2 bL3  1
(C) + (D)  +  (C) (D) 2
2 3 2 2 3  2

56. At time t = 0, particle starts moving along the x-axis. 59. A bullet fired into a fixed target loses half of its
If its kinetic energy increases uniformly with time t, velocity after penetrating 3 cm . How much further it
the net force acting on it must be proportional to will penetrate before coming to rest, assuming that it
faces constant resistance to motion?
(A) t (B) constant
(A) 3.0 cm (B) 2.0 cm
(C) t (D) 1/ t (C) 1.5 cm (D) 1.0 cm

57. A 2 kg block slides on a horizontal floor with a speed 60. A body of mass m is accelerated uniformly from rest
of 4 m/s. It strikes a uncompressed spring and to a speed ν in a time T. The instantaneous power
compresses it till the block is motionless. The kinetic delivered to the body as a function of time, is given
friction force is 15 N and spring constant is 10000 by
N/m. The spring compresses by
mv 2 mv2 2
(A) 5.5 cm (B) 2.5 cm (A) t (B) t
T2 T2
(C) 11.0 cm (D) 8.5 cm
1 mv 2 1 mv 2 2
(C) t (D) t
2 T2 2 T2
58. The potential energy of a 1 kg particle free to move
along the x-axis is given by
61. A spherical ball of mass 20 kg is stationary at the top
 x4 x2 
V ( x) =  −  J of a hill of height 100 m . It rolls down a smooth
 4 2 surface to the ground, then climbs up another hill of
The total mechanical energy of the particle is 2 J. height 30 m and finally rolls down to a horizontal
Then, the maximum speed (in ms–1) is base at a height of 20 m above the ground. The
velocity attained by the ball is
(A) 40 m/s (B) 20 m/s
(C) 10 m/s (D) 10 30 m/s

Answer Key
1. (C) 17. (D) 33. (C) 49. (C)
2. (C) 18. (B) 34. (C) 50. (B)
3. (A) 19. (E) 35. (C) 51. (B)
4. (B) 20. (A) 36. (B) 52. (A)
5. (C) 21. (B) 37. (A) 53. (D)
6. (A) 22. (C) 38. (18) 54. (B)
7. (D) 23. (C) 39. (C) 55. (C)
8. (C) 24. (C) 40. (10) 56. (D)
9. (A) 25. (C) 41. (C) 57. (A)
10. (A) 26. (B) 42. (D) 58. (A)
11. (B) 27. (B) 43. (C) 59. (D)
12. (A) 28. (B) 44. (C) 60. (A)
13. (C) 29. (D) 45. (B) 61. (A)
14. (B) 30. (B) 46. (D)
15. (A) 31. (C) 47. (B)
16. (D) 32. (B) 48. (B)