23. 11. 2.

오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

The phenomenon of bioluminescence, in which living organisms

produce light through a chemical reaction, serves a variety of 1
purposes in the natural world. In some cases, it can be used for
communication, while in other instances, it serves as a form of Which choice completes t
______ to attract prey or deter predators. precise word or phrase?
(답 : B)

A sustenance

B deception

C nourishment

D conservation

In recent years, the role of social media in the political landscape

has been hotly debated. Critics argue that social media platforms 2
can contribute to the spread of misinformation, while proponents
maintain that these platforms ______ political engagement, Which choice completes t
allowing people to access information and participate in precise word or phrase?
discussions more easily than ever before. (답 : C)

A erode

B hinder

C enhance

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D segregate

One of the most prominent challenges in combating climate

change is the so-called “tragedy of the commons,” a concept 3
describing a situation where individuals acting in their own self-
interest can lead to the depletion or degradation of a shared Which choice completes t
resource, such as air or water. Addressing this issue requires ______ precise word or phrase?
among individuals, communities, and nations. (답 : C)

A reluctance

B competition

C collaboration

D inconsistency

In many cities, gentrification has been a controversial issue, as it

often leads to the displacement of long-time residents and small 4
businesses. While some argue that gentrification can improve
neighborhoods by attracting new investment and development, Which choice completes t
others contend that it frequently ______ the character and culture precise word or phrase?
of the community. (답 : B)

A preserves

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

B erodes

C angers

D conceals

The following excerpt is from F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel “The

Great Gatsby”. In this passage, the narrator, Nick Carraway, 5
describes the atmosphere during one of Gatsby's parties.
In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths According to the text, wha
among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At (답 : B)
high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from
the tower of his raft, or taking the sun on the hot sand of his A The parties are du
beach while his two motor-boats slit the waters of the Sound,
drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam. On week-ends
The parties are ex
his Rolls-Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and B
activity.
from the city between nine in the morning and long past
midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk
yellow bug to meet all trains. C The parties are sm

The parties are fo

D
conversations.

The pangolin, a scaly anteater found in Asia and Africa, is known

for its unique defensive mechanism: when threatened, it curls up 6
into a virtually impenetrable ball. Recent studies by biologist
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Elodie Mandin and colleagues have discovered that the structure Which choice best describ
of the pangolin's scales, composed of a composite keratin-based in the overall structure of
material, exhibit remarkable mechanical properties. The scales not (답 : C)
only provide physical protection but also house antimicrobial
peptides that help the pangolin ward off bacterial and fungal It elaborates on h
A
infections. colleagues contrib

It presents a coun
B
assertion about th

It elaborates on th
C
structure mention

It introduces an u
D from the focus on
mechanism.

Text 1:
The Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) occurred approximately 2.45 7
billion years ago when Earth's atmosphere experienced a
significant increase in oxygen. This event was largely due to the Based on the texts, how w
emergence of cyanobacteria, which produced oxygen as a likely respond to the claim
byproduct of photosynthesis. The GOE had profound GOE in Text 1?
consequences, including the extinction of many anaerobic (답 : D)
organisms and the eventual rise of complex life.
They would main
Text 2: unrelated to the e
A
Ediacaran biota, a group of ancient soft-bodied organisms dating biota since it occu
back to a period between 541 and 635 million years ago, represent before.
some of the earliest known examples of complex multicellular life
on Earth. The rise of the ediacaran biota was only possible after
They would argu
the proliferation of oxygen-producing life forms increased the
B was due to factor
levels of atmospheric oxygen beyond the critical point necessary
oxygen levels.
for multicellular life.

They would conte

C impactful in a lim
profound consequ

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

They would agree

D significant role in
life, as seen with t

Heralded as a groundbreaking piece of work, Erving Goffman's

1959 publication, “The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life,” 8
introduced the concept of social interaction as a theatrical
performance, wherein individuals “perform” for one another to Which quotation from an
maintain their social standing and identities. In a recent article, a best supports the journali
journalist posits that Goffman's theory can be used to better (답 : D)
understand the dynamics of modern-day online communication
and social media. “Goffman's work
scholars who hav
A refined his theori
and social interac
interpersonal dyn

“Goffman's 'The P
Life' is now consi
B
sociology, praised
thought-provokin

“Goffman's work
such, some of his
C
the same relevan
constantly evolvin

“The way users p

media platforms
D a form of digital p
crafted to convey
audience.”

A compelling scientific study by ecologists from Stanford

University observed a unique symbiotic relationship between the 9
Amazonian ants (Myrmelachista schumanni) and the Duroia

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

hirsuta trees. The ants, known for their agricultural abilities, were Which finding, if true, wo
found to produce a specific pheromone that restricts the growth of Copenhagen interpretatio
other plants in the immediate vicinity of their host tree. The (답 : B)
researchers, led by Dr. Megan Frederickson, proposed that this
pheromone acts as a rudimentary herbicide, protecting the Duroia A study demonstr
hirsuta trees from competition and ensuring the ants’ sole Duroia hirsuta tre
A
occupancy. nutrient-rich than
diverse plant life.

A laboratory test
produced pherom
B
of plant seeds, the
significantly decli

A field study docu

C trees in regions w
more and live lon

Genetic analysis r
hirsuta tree has e
D
pheromone produ
schumanni ants.

10

Which choice best describ

the researchers’ claim?
(답 : C)

Every participant
sarcasm recogniti
A
creativity score w
participant.

There are two par

Cognitive flexibility refers to the ability to adapt and shift one's B sarcasm recogniti
thinking strategies in response to changing circumstances or tasks. different creativit
As sarcasm often requires individuals to navigate between literal
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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

and non-literal interpretations, cognitive flexibility becomes

relevant for accurate comprehension. In this study, participants Participants who
underwent assessments of sarcasm recognition proficiency, along proficiencies belo
C
with measurements of creativity. Based on the results, the creativity scores c
researchers have suggested that shifts in mental patterns and sarcasm recogniti
perspectives can allow individuals to break away from familiar
cognitive routes and engender generation of new ideas.
Among the partic
D sarcasm proficien
creativity score.

The advent of the printing press in the 15th century, credited to

Johannes Gutenberg, revolutionized the dissemination of 11
knowledge in Europe, enabling the mass production of books and
fostering widespread literacy by making books more accessible Which finding, if true, wo
and affordable. Literary historians posit further that the increased historians’ argument?
exposure to literature engendered by the printing press also (답 : A)
encouraged writers to experiment with new forms and genres,
stimulating the evolution of literature during the Renaissance and Literary works pu
beyond. invention of the p
A
in experimentatio
compared to wor

The invention of t
rapid transmissio
B
ideas, contributin
transformations i

During the Renais

printed in Europe
C
compared to the p
more affordable t

The printing pres

reproduction of t
D
intended meanin
preserved during

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The Einstellung effect is a psychological phenomenon wherein an

individual's initial solution to a problem prevents them from 12
considering alternative, more efficient solutions. This effect can
limit creativity and hinder problem-solving abilities. In a study, Which choice most logica
researchers presented a group of experienced chess players with a (답 : B)
complex chess problem. The players were then given a hint
suggesting a more efficient solution than the one they were experienced ches
initially considering. The study found that players who received A experience the Ei
the hint were less likely to find the most efficient solution, inexperienced pla
suggesting that ______

the hint may have

B
effect.

the Einstellung ef
C making process o
does other menta

alternative solutio
D
when derived fro

Vertical farming, a method of cultivating plants within vertically

stacked layers or surfaces, has been hailed as a potential solution 13
to increasing global food demand. By utilizing indoor
environments, vertical farms can control variables such as light, Which choice most logica
temperature, and humidity, leading to higher yields and reduced (답 : D)
resource use. However, some critics argue that the energy
demands for vertical farming systems, particularly for artificial vertical farming i
lighting, outweigh the potential benefits. A recent study comparing A agriculture than m
traditional agriculture and vertical farming found that while farming in terms
vertical farms do require more energy per square mile, they can
produce significantly higher crop yields per square mile, leading to
the environmenta
the conclusion that ______
B negligible compar
farming.

vertical farming i
C
agriculture due to

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

the increased ene

D
farming may be j

Some significant periods in history include the Renaissance, the

Age of Enlightenment, the Industrial ___ the Information Age. Each 14
of these periods brought about significant changes and
advancements in human society and had a lasting impact on the Which choice completes t
world. conventions of Standard E
(답 : A)

A Revolution, and

B Revolution; and

C Revolution and;

D Revolution and

Chronic stress can damage ___ (T/t)he protective caps on the end of
chromosomes, leading to cellular aging and disease. Telomeres 15
shorten naturally with age, but stress can accelerate the process.
Research suggests that mindfulness practices such as meditation Which choice completes t
can reduce stress and protect telomeres, promoting healthy aging. conventions of Standard E
(답 : C)

A telomeres.

B telomeres, this is

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

C telomeres,

D telomeres; which

A Taoist is a follower of Taoism, which is a philosophical and

religious tradition that originated in ancient China. Central to ___ 16
the concept of living in harmony with the Tao, which is the natural
way of the universe. The term Tao is commonly translated as "the Which choice completes t
way," "the path," or "the principle." conventions of Standard E
(답 : B)

A Taoism is,

B Taoism is

C Taoism is:

D Taoism is—

Recent studies have shown that exposure to nature, even in small

___ can have positive effects on mental health, such as reducing 17
stress and anxiety. This phenomenon, known as "nature therapy"
or "ecotherapy," has been found to have measurable physiological Which choice completes t
conventions of Standard E
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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

and psychological benefits, making it a promising area of research (답 : A)

for mental health treatments.
A amounts,

B amounts

C amounts:

D amounts—

As the world of sports medicine evolved, athletes and trainers ___

new ways to enhance performance and reduce injury. Within this 18
growing field, a researcher named Dr. Emily Stone conducted
groundbreaking studies on the biomechanics of human Which choice completes t
movement, paving the way for improved athletic performance and conventions of Standard E
injury prevention. (답 : A)

A sought

B seek

C seeking

D to seek

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American jazz musician Louis Armstrong, a virtuoso trumpet

player and charismatic vocalist, played a pivotal role in 19
popularizing jazz music across the world. His innovative
improvisational techniques and unique vocal style, including his Which choice completes t
signature "scat" singing, ___ a lasting impact on the development of conventions of Standard E
modern music. (답 : A)

A have left

B has left

C has been

D was

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

In 1969, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans
to walk on the Moon during the Apollo 11 mission. By the time 20
Apollo 17, the last manned lunar mission, took place in 1972, the
historic significance of Armstrong and Aldrin's achievement ___ Which choice completes t
firmly cemented. conventions of Standard E
(답 : A)

A had been

B was being

C would be

D were being

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Abigail Williams is a central character in Arthur Miller's play 'The

Crucible.' She is depicted as a complex and manipulative character, 21
driven by her obsession with John Proctor and her desire to
maintain control. Through her lies and deceit, she plays a Which choice completes t
significant role in the tragic events that ___ in the play. conventions of Standard E
(답 : A)

A unfold

B unfolds

C unfolding

D has unfolded

In a monumental restoration project, experts have reconstructed

an ancient temple using innovative technology. After examining 22
the impressive 3D-printed structure, ___ may offer valuable
insights into ancient architecture. Which choice completes t
conventions of Standard E
(답 : A)

historian Dr. Reb

A
Temple of Artemi

historian Dr. Reb

B
the Temple of Art

the Temple of Art

C
Chen suggests,

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

the suggestion tha

D
has made is that t

Netflix has become an integral part of modern life, with millions of

people tuning in every day to watch their favorite shows, movies, 23
and documentaries. ___ its ability to reach a mass audience has
made it a powerful tool for shaping popular culture and Which choice completes t
influencing the entertainment industry. transition?
(답 : B)

A Consequently,

B Moreover,

C As a result,

D However,

The invention of the wheel has transformed transportation and

agriculture. The wheel enabled people to transport goods and 24
materials over long distances, making trade and commerce
possible. ___ the invention of the plow revolutionized agriculture Which choice completes t
by making it easier to till and cultivate soil, leading to increased transition?
food production and the growth of civilizations (답 : C)

A On the other han

B In fact,

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

C Likewise,

D For example,

Public speaking has been recognized as a highly effective method

of communication for centuries. ___ it has become a vital skill for 25
those seeking to lead and influence others. Through the art of
speechmaking, leaders have been able to inspire and motivate Which choice completes t
people in various fields such as politics, business, and transition?
entertainment. (답 : C)

A Also,

B Furthermore,

C Consequently,

D Afterwards,

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

The Sistine Chapel, located in Vatican City, is a renowned 26
religious site and artistic treasure, famous for its frescoes
painted by Michelangelo. The student wants to high
made the Sistine Chapel f
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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

Commissioned by Pope Julius II, Michelangelo painted the the site. Which choice mo
ceiling of the Sistine Chapel between 1508 and 1512, information from the not
depicting scenes from the Bible, including the famous (답 : A)
"Creation of Adam."
Another notable work in the Sistine Chapel is "The Last The Sistine Chape
Judgment," a fresco painted by Michelangelo on the altar wall painted by Miche
A
between 1536 and 1541, illustrating the Second Coming of from the Bible on
Christ and the final judgment of humanity. Judgment" on the
Today, the Sistine Chapel serves as the site of papal conclaves,
where new popes are elected.
Commissioned by
Chapel's frescoes,
B
Adam" and "The L
by Michelangelo.

The Sistine Chape

and artistic treasu
C
serves as the site
popes are elected

While Michelang
Sistine Chapel bet
D scenes from the B
"Creation of Adam
between 1536 and

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

Impressionism and Cubism are two distinct art movements. 27
Impressionism emerged in the late 19th century in France.
Cubism was developed in the early 20th century, primarily by The student wants to com
Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. differences between Impr
Impressionist painters aimed to capture the fleeting effects of choice most effectively us
light and color in their works. notes to accomplish this g
Cubist artists deconstructed objects into geometric shapes, (답 : D)
often presenting multiple perspectives simultaneously.
Both movements challenged traditional artistic techniques Impressionism an
and perspectives. movements that o
A Impressionism fo
Cubism deconstru
shapes.

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

Impressionism em
B while Cubism wa
century.

Impressionist pai
fleeting effects of
C artists deconstruc
shapes, represent
artistic approache

Both Impressioni
conventional art p
D focused on captur
Cubism explored
and multiple pers

Designing products that can be easily disassembled and

reassembled can ______ the need for extracting new raw materials 1
and producing more waste, demonstrating how this philosophy is
part of one of the most critical value-shifts our society must make Which choice completes t
in the 21st century. precise word or phrase?
(답 : C)

A necessitate

B forbid

C diminish

D ignore

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

In an effort to reduce its carbon footprint, a company may adopt

eco-friendly policies such as investing in renewable energy, 2
reducing waste, and encouraging employees to use public
transportation. However, critics argue that these measures are Which choice completes t
often ______, as the company may continue to engage in other precise word or phrase?
environmentally harmful practices. (답 : A)

A insincere

B ineffective

C required

D beneficial

While the advent of the printing press in the 15th century

revolutionized the distribution of information, it also led to an 3
increase in the spread of misinformation. This historical example
demonstrates that technological advancements can have both Which choice completes t
positive and negative consequences, and that society must find precise word or phrase?
ways to ______ the benefits while mitigating the potential harm. (답 : D)

A believe

B rehearse

C discover

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

D maximize

In her insightful essay, the author meticulously dissects the

intricate layers of symbolism and meaning in the novel. She argues 4
that the book's central theme is a profound exploration of the
human condition and the constant struggle between our inherent Which choice completes t
desire for self-preservation and our innate capacity for ______. precise word or phrase?
(답 : B)

A innocence

B altruism

C selfishness

D survival

While many people consider oil spills to be the most significant

threat to marine ecosystems, scientists have found that plastic 5
pollution, often in the form of microplastics, presents a more
insidious and ______ danger. Microplastics can be ingested by and Which choice completes t
accumulate within marine organisms whose movements span precise word or phrase?
multiple oceans. (답 : D)

A apparent

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

B acute

C immediate

D pervasive

Sociolinguists have identified “language islands”: small, isolated

communities with unique dialects that are distinct from the 6
surrounding linguistic landscape. One such language island is the
Old Order Amish community of Pennsylvania, where a dialect Which choice best describ
known as Pennsylvania Dutch is spoken. The language is a variant in the overall structure of
that incorporates German and Palantine dialects and has (답 : D)
developed to its current version over centuries.
It introduces a ch
A
when studying la

It states the centr

B importance of lan
studies.

It provides an exa
C
importance of stu

It offers a general
D exemplified by th
Amish communit

The following text is from Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray
(1890). 7
There is a fatality about all physical and intellectual
distinction, the sort of fatality that seems to dog through
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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

history the faltering steps of kings. It is better not to be According to the text, wha
different from one's fellows. The ugly and the stupid have the speaker's perspective on d
best of it in this world. They can sit at their ease and gape at (답 : B)
the play. If they know nothing of victory, they are at least
spared the knowledge of defeat… …Your rank and wealth, The speaker belie
A
Harry; my brains, such as they are--my art, whatever it may have an obligatio
be worth; Dorian Gray's good looks--we shall all suffer for
what the gods have given us, suffer terribly.
The speaker think
B
can lead to a mor

The speaker is en
C as they tend to m
and rank.

The speaker has e

D
further desires th

The following text is from “The Scarlet Pimpernel” by Baroness

Orczy (1905). The narrator is describing the relationship of a 8
married couple, Sir Percy Blakeney and his wife, Marguerite
Blakeney. According to the text, how
And yet!… vague memories… the time when first he change?
worshipped her; he seemed so devoted—a very slave—and (답 : C)
there was a certain latent intensity in that love which had
fascinated her. Sir Percy's love fo
Then suddenly that love, that devotion, which throughout his A resulting in the ab
courtship she had looked upon as the slavish fidelity of a dog, of the loving attitu
seemed to vanish completely. Twenty-four hours after the
simple little ceremony at old St. Roch, she had told him the
Marguerite regre
story of how, inadvertently, she had spoken of certain matters B
Marquis de St. Cy
connected with the Marquis de St. Cyr before some men—her
friends—who had used this information against the
unfortunate Marquis, and sent him and his family to the The intense love S
guillotine. C dissipated after a
him.

Marguerite think
D evolved into a dee

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

form after their w

The concept of solastalgia, coined by philosopher Glenn Albrecht,

refers to the profound sense of distress and grief experienced 9
when the environment one calls home undergoes significant
change. In a research paper, a student argues that solastalgia can Which quotation from a r
provide valuable insights into the psychological impacts of directly support the stude
environmental change. (답 : A)

“Solastalgia is not
past; it is a form o
A
from the ongoing
environmental ch

“Climate change i
numerous specie
B
countless others,
ecosystems world

“The term 'solasta

C various fields of s
ecology, and envi

“The United Natio

of climate change
D
agreements, such
combat its detrim

Text 1:
The Inca Empire, which spanned from modern-day Colombia to 10
Chile, relied heavily on an extensive network of roads for
communication and transportation. Along these roads were Based on the texts, how w
strategically placed tambo—rest stops for travelers that provided likely respond to the role
food, lodging, and storage facilities. The tambo not only served (답 : A)
practical purposes but also symbolized the strength and unity of
the empire. They would argu
similar role to the

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

Text 2: A along the Silk Roa

The Silk Road was a network of trade routes connecting East Asia result of decentra
to the Mediterranean region. Although not centrally controlled, it entities.
facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultural practices
among diverse societies. The success of this ancient trade network
can be attributed to the development of infrastructure by the They would sugge
various forces participating in the trade route, which made it B necessary due to
possible for merchants to make the long intercontinental journey. control and regul

They would disag

symbolized the st
C
Empire and asser
indications of pol

They would quest

D system in compar
methods of transp

11

Which choice best describ

support the pharmaceutic
Rivaroxaban?
(답 : B)

Average Factor Xa
A
rivaroxaban intak

Average thrombin
Upon injury, our body initiates the coagulation cascade, during B
rivaroxaban wer
which the coagulant protein thrombin is produced with help from
the Factor Xa enzyme. This response is necessary in most cases
because there would be a continuous and potentially dangerous Trial 2 and 3 both
C
loss of blood without the blood clotting activity of thrombin. levels are lower th
However, for some individuals this natural process poses a risk
because the thickening of blood within blood vessels can block
arteries, building up pressure that may ultimately result in a
ruptured blood vessel—in other words. a stroke. A pharmaceutical

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

company has recently developed Rivaroxaban and claims it is an

All trials show tha
anticoagulant that works by interrupting the function of Factor Xa.
D average thrombin
average Factor Xa

Astrophysicist Vera Rubin and collaborator Kent Ford discovered

that galaxies rotate at a consistent speed, defying predictions based 12
on the visible mass of these celestial structures. This uniform
rotation suggested the presence of “dark matter,” an unseen form Which finding, if true, wo
of mass, which exerts gravitational force that affects the motion of matter hypothesis?
visible matter. This groundbreaking work led to the widely (답 : B)
accepted hypothesis that dark matter, though undetectable by
current methods, plays a significant role in the overall mass and Additional eviden
A
structure of the universe. more visible mas

Other measurem
B disparate levels o
similar rotation s

Studies confirm th
C mass in galaxies c
gravitational forc

Research demons
D speed is consisten
from each other.

During the process of photosynthesis, plants absorb light energy to

synthesize glucose, a process that requires the absorption of 13
carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen. In certain plants native
to arid environments, such as CAM plants, a unique mechanism Which finding, if true, wo
takes place that conserves water: the plants open their stomata plant biologists' hypothes
only at night and accumulate carbon dioxide in the form of malate, (답 : B)
which is subsequently used for photosynthesis during the day
when the stomata are closed. Plant biologists have long posited
that while maintaining the stomata closed during the day protects
the plant's moisture from escaping under the scorching desert

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

sunlight and thus effectively reduces water loss, the state of carbon
CAM plants exhib
storage may compromise the rate of photosynthesis.
efficiency compar
A
environments du
mechanism.

Within the bioche

malate represent
B stage for carbon,
carbon dioxide an
the product of ph

Some CAM plants

switch between C
when water is rea
C
to adjust accordin
conditions to use
production of glu

Certain CAM plan

D proteins that allow
transport from th

Carbon capture startups seek to reduce the most prominent

greenhouse gas—carbon dioxide—through carbon fixation 14
mechanisms found in nature. Phytoplankton, microscopic
organisms that drift in the ocean, are responsible for the primary Which choice most logica
production of organic matter through photosynthesis, and in the (답 : B)
process convert carbon dioxide into glucose, effectively removing
the gas from the atmosphere. The efficiency of this process is the nutrient comp
greatly reduced in large areas of the ocean called High-Nutrient, most impactful dr
A
Low-Chlorophyll (HNLC) zones, which have low photosynthetic and can be impro
activity despite having ample levels of many nutrients. Recently, water.
however, researchers studying these zones have found that
phytoplankton growth can be stimulated by artificially adding iron
reducing the rela
to the water, suggesting that ______
B nutrients in HNLC
used as a tool for

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

phytoplankton in
C unique mechanis
deficiency.

the addition of iro

D ultimately harm t
encouraging alga

When the ancient Roman Empire was at its peak, the city of Rome
had an extensive system of aqueducts that supplied water to the 15
city. These aqueducts were primarily constructed from a specific
type of concrete, which proved to be extremely durable and Which choice most logica
resistant to erosion, exceeding current products in some metrics. (답 : D)
Modern research has identified that the secret to this durability lies
in the incorporation of volcanic ash in the concrete mixture, which the ancient Roma
reacts with seawater to create a strong, erosion-resistant material. A volcanic ash into
This discovery suggests that ______ enhance its durab

volcanic ash is on
B durability of conc
seawater.

the ancient Roma

C primarily to trans
freshwater.

contemporary co
benefit from inco
D
concrete mixture
resistance.

During the mid-twentieth century, the world of photography

experienced a surge of interest in experimental techniques. Within 16
this creative environment, ___ captured striking images that
pushed the boundaries of traditional photographic methods. Which choice completes t
conventions of Standard E
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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global
(답 : C)

A photographer, Ele

B photographer: Ele

C photographer Ele

D photographer Ele

Some of the most influential works of literature include Homer's

epic poem, “The Odyssey,” which recounts the travels of the hero 17
Odysseus after the fall of ___ Shakespeare's tragedy “Hamlet,”
which explores themes of revenge and morality; and Toni Which choice completes t
Morrison's novel “Beloved,” which examines the legacy of slavery conventions of Standard E
and its impact on African American communities. (답 : C)

A Troy, and

B Troy,

C Troy;

D Troy

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

Filmmaker Quentin Tarantino's use of nonlinear storytelling and

stylized violence in his films ___ him one of the most celebrated 18
and controversial directors of our time. Tarantino's films often
feature complex narratives that are told out of chronological order, Which choice completes t
and he frequently uses flashbacks, flash-forwards, and other conventions of Standard E
techniques to subvert traditional storytelling conventions. (답 : A)

A has made

B have made

C make

D being

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

Throughout the 1970s, a wave of avant-garde musicians pushed

the boundaries of what was considered conventional music. On 19
the fringes of this sonic revolution, experimenting with atonal
compositions and unconventional ___ Harriet Smithson, who left a Which choice completes t
unique mark on the music world. conventions of Standard E
(답 : C)

A instruments, wer

B instruments, are

C instruments, was

D instruments, is

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

Dr. Isabelle Chen, an astronomer, ___ her life to cataloging stars

and celestial bodies that were previously unknown. She had 20
always been fascinated by the cosmos, ever since she was a young
girl gazing up at the stars in wonder. As she grew older, her Which choice completes t
fascination only deepened. conventions of Standard E
(답 : B)

A devoting

B devoted

C to devote

D having devoted

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

Ernest Rutherford's pioneering work on atomic structure laid the

groundwork for our understanding of nuclear physics. ___ the 21
potential hazards associated with nuclear power, such as the
Chernobyl disaster, have raised safety and environmental Which choice completes t
concerns. transition?
(답 : C)

A In fact,

B Moreover,

C However,

D Likewise,

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

The Broom Bridge in Dublin, Ireland is a historic site where the

mathematician Sir William Rowan Hamilton first discovered the 22
formula for quaternion algebra. The bridge is named after the
broom that Hamilton is said to have used to write the formula. ___ Which choice completes t
the Broom Bridge has become a pilgrimage site for transition?
mathematicians and enthusiasts (답 : A)

A Today,

B Still,

C For example,

D However,

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

The discovery of exoplanets has expanded our knowledge of

planetary systems beyond our own solar system, revealing a 23
diverse array of celestial bodies and environments. ___ the search
for potentially habitable planets and extraterrestrial life remains Which choice completes t
an ongoing challenge for astronomers. transition?
(답 : A)

A However,

B Furthermore,

C In fact,

D Consequently,

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

Archaeologists study artifacts from past cultures to understand the

ways in which people lived and interacted with their environment. 24
___ artifacts such as pottery, tools, and weapons can reveal
information about social structures, economic systems, and Which choice completes t
religious beliefs of ancient societies. transition?
(답 : D)

A Therefore,

B Afterwards,

C Still,

D In fact,

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

There are many different types of birds that exist in the 25
world.
One type of bird is the bald eagle, which is found in North The student wants to emp
America. two eagle species. Which
Another type of bird is the golden eagle, which can be found relevant information from
in North America, Europe, and Asia. (답 : A)
The bald eagle is known for its white head and brown body.
The golden eagle is known for its large size and golden- Bald eagles can on
brown feathers. A while golden eagl
America, Europe,

Both bald eagles a

B
bodies.

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

Golden eagles are

C while bald eagles
brown feathers.

Bald eagles and g

D
species of bird.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

Yoga, an ancient practice that originated in India, has been 26
practiced for thousands of years and is known for its
physical, mental, and spiritual benefits. The student wants to intro
There are various types of yoga, such as Hatha, Ashtanga, audience unfamiliar with
and Kundalini, each focusing on different aspects of the effectively uses relevant i
practice, like strength, flexibility, or meditation. accomplish this goal?
Regular yoga practice can help improve overall health and (답 : A)
well-being, reduce stress, and increase flexibility and
balance. Yoga, an ancient p
In recent years, yoga has gained widespread popularity has been practice
around the world, and its practice has been adapted to suit A known for its phy
diverse cultures and lifestyles. benefits, with var
like strength, flex

Yoga is an ancien
India and has gai
B around the world
numerous types o
Ashtanga, and Ku

Yoga is known for

C spiritual benefits,
diverse cultures a

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

The practice of yo
been adapted to s
D lifestyles, with va
Ashtanga, and Ku
different aspects

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

Avatar: The Last Airbender and "The Legend of Korra" are 27
two animated television series set in the same fictional
universe. The student wants to emp
Avatar: The Last Airbender, created by Michael Dante "Avatar: The Last Airbend
DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, aired from 2005 to 2008, and Which choice most effecti
follows the journey of Aang, the last Airbender and the from the notes to accomp
Avatar. (답 : C)
The Legend of Korra, a sequel to "Avatar: The Last
Airbender," aired from 2012 to 2014 and centers on Korra, Both "Avatar: The
the next Avatar after Aang. Legend of Korra"
Both series explore themes of spirituality, balance, and the universe, but whi
responsibility of the Avatar, who has the unique ability to A episodic storytelli
bend all four elements: water, earth, fire, and air. development, the
While "Avatar: The Last Airbender" is known for its episodic political and socia
storytelling and character development, "The Legend of world.
Korra" is more focused on political and social issues within its
fictional world.
"Avatar: The Last
Korra" are both a
B created by Micha
Konietzko, focusin
and Korra.

The two series, "A

"The Legend of Ko
C spirituality, balan
the Avatar, who h
water, earth, fire,

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23. 11. 2. 오전 11:10 Digital SAT Global

While "Avatar: Th
2005 to 2008 and
D
Legend of Korra"
to 2014 and focus

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