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Applied Physics for Computer Science and Allied Programmes

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Mohammed sameer MR
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9 views

Applied Physics for Computer Science and Allied Programmes

Uploaded by

Mohammed sameer MR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Short Notes on Engineering Physics Engineering Physics-21PHY12/22

Advantages 3. Explain the terms, (i) Induced absorption, (ii) Sponta-


neous emission, (iii) Stimulated emission, (iv) Popu-
1. Laser printers are generally quiet and fast. lation inversion, (v) Metastable state & (vi) Resonant
cavity.
2. Laser printers can produce high quality output on or-
dinary papers. 4. Explain requisites of LASER system.

3. The cost per page of toner cartridges is lower than 5. What is Semiconductor LASER? Describe with en-
other printers. ergy band diagram the construction & working of
Semiconductor diode LASER along with applica-
tions.
Disadvantages
6. Discuss the working of LASER barcode reader.
1. The initial cost of laser printers can be high.
7. With the help of a sketch describe the principle, con-
2. Laser printers are more expensive than dot-matrix struction and working of the LASER Printer.
printers and ink-jet printers
8. Explain LASER Cooling and its application.

1.7.3 LASER Cooling 1.7.5 Numerical Problems


Principle of LASER Cooling Laser cooling is the use of 1. Find the ratio of population of two energy levels in a
dissipative light forces for reducing the random motion and LASER if the transition between them produces light
thus the temperature of small particles, typically atoms or of wavelength 6493 Å, assuming the ambient temper-
ions. Depending on the mechanism used, the temperature ature at 27°C.
achieved can be in the millikelvin, microkelvin, or even
nanokelvin regime. 2. Find the ratio of population of two energy levels in a
medium at thermal equilibrium, if the wavelength of
light emitted at 291 K is 6928 Å.
3. The ratio of population of two energy levels out of
which one corresponds to metastable state is 1.059 ×
10−30 . Find the wavelength of light emitted at 330 K.
4. Find the ratio of population of two energy levels in a
medium at thermal equilibrium, if the wavelength of
light emitted at 300 K is 10𝜇𝑚. Also find the effec-
tive temperature when energy levels are equally pop-
ulated.

Figure 1.10: Laser Cooling 5. The average power output of a LASER beam of wave-
length 6500 Å is 10 mW. Find the number of photons
emitted per second by the LASER source.
If an atom is traveling toward a laser beam and absorbs a 6. The average power of a LASER beam of wavelength
photon from the laser, it will be slowed by the fact that the 6328 Å is 5 mW. Find the number of photons emitted
photon has momentum 𝑝 = 𝐸𝑐 = 𝜆ℎ . It would take a large per second by the LASER source.
number of such absorptions to cool the sodium atoms to
7. A pulsed LASER has an average power output 1.5
near 0K. The follwing are the types of laser cooling
mW per pulse and pulse duration is 20 ns. The
• Doppler Cooling. number of photons emitted per pulse is estimated to
be 1.047 ×108 . Find the wavelength of the emitted
• Sisyphous Cooling. LASER.
8. A pulsed LASER with power 1 mW lasts for 10 ns.
1.7.4 Model Questions If the number of photons emitted per pulse is 5 ×107 .
Calculate the wavelength of LASER.
1. What is LASER? Enumerate the Characteristics of a
LASER Beam. 9. A Ruby LASER emits a pulse of 20 ns duration with
average power per pulse being 100 kW. If the number
2. Discuss the three possible ways through which radia- of photons in each pulse is 6.981 × 1015 , calculate the
tion and matter interaction can take place. wavelength of photons.

Department of Physics 8 A T M E College of Engineering, Mysuru

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