11

Personal Development
Quarter 1 Module 1:
Self-Development
Subject Area: Welcome to the Personal Development
Self-Learning Module (SLM) Grade 11

Quarter 3- (Module 1: Self Development)

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over them.

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Welcome to the Personal Development (Module 1: Self

Development)
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage
and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner;

Welcome to the Personal Development (Module 1: Self Development)

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies
in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

At the end of this module, you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the (Topic). The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook
you are now using.

The module is divided into four lessons, namely:

Module 1:
Lesson 1. Knowing Oneself/ Understanding oneself during middle and late adolescence
Lesson 2. Developing the Whole Person
Lesson 3. Developmental Stages in Middle and Late Adolescence
Lesson 4. The Challenges of Middle and Late Adolescence

MELCS:

The learners...
1.1 explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept his/her strengths and limitations and
dealing with others better
1.2 share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experiences
1.3 maintain a journal
2.1 discuss the relationship among physiological, cognitive, psychological, spiritual, and social
development to understand his/her thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
2.2 evaluate his/her own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
2.3 show the connections between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in actual life situations
3.1 classify various developmental tasks according to developmental stage
3.2 evaluate one’s development in comparison with persons of the same age group
3.3 list ways to become a responsible adolescent prepared for adult life
4.1 discuss that facing the challenges during adolescence may able to clarify and manage the
demands of teen years
4.2 express his/her feelings on the expectations of the significant people around him/her (parents,
siblings, friends, teachers, community leaders)
4.3 make affirmations that help one become more lovable and capable as an adolescent
 Personal Development
Quarter 1 Module 1:
Self-Development
Instructions:

This is a 5-point multiple choice test. Read and analyze each statement below and carefully
choose the letter that best describe the statement. Write the letter of the correct answer on
the space provide before the number.

b. 1) When someone reflects on his/her strengths and weaknesses and learns more
about himself or herself, it is said that the person undergoes a process called?
a) Self-reflection c) Self-motivation
b) Self-discovery d) Self-gratification

a. 2) What do we call that process where a person understands himself/herself better

through learning new skills or overcoming bad habits? a) Self-development c)
Self-education
b) Self-discovery d) Self-reflection

_d. 3) John understands fully the benefits of building good relationships with his social
environment and the effects of man’s transgressions to his fellow beings. It is said that John;
a) develops effective human relations skills
b) develops social awareness
c) develops holistically
d) develops social responsibilities

c. 4) Krystala, a Grade 11 TVL-Home Economics student, develops favorable relationships

with her peers and family members. In the context of development, she is said to have
manifests;
a) behavioral Development c) social Development
b) physical Development d) psychological Development

d. 5) Justine finds it difficult to concentrate and stay focused in his studies, loses the
thread of thoughts or conversations, confused because of the lockdown and cannot move
freely and visit his girlfriend in the neighboring city. Justine is said to manifests;
a) love sickness c) psychological trouble
b) emotional problem d) stress
 Lesson Knowing and Understanding Oneself
Week 1:6 hours
1

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the week, it is expected that the learners must be able to:

1) explain why knowing oneself can make a person accept his/her strengths and limitations
and ultimately improve his/her perception and behavior towards others; and
2) Share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experiences.
Part 1: Learning Explorations

The personality stars you have just filled in shows how well you know yourself and how others view
you as a person. The self is our biggest asset. How you know yourself speaks one of the important
aspects of self – development. It is called self-concept. It is self-awareness in two wide characters,
the ideal self and the actual self;

Ideal self refers to the self-one desire to be, like the ones we admire and wish to be in the
community from any sector or profession. Your aspiration of becoming like them is based on the
positive qualities you have viewed them. Your connection with the ones you look up to could want
you also to develop what you see in them, what you learned and experienced from them, including
the things that they promote and most of all, it could also want you to build up their ways in your
thoughts, words and actions.

Actual self tells who you really are with the traits and characteristics you truly possess. These traits
may have been the outcome of how you were nurtured in the family, developed in school and
influenced by the community. It is your self- knowledge on how you think, how you feel, how you
act, and how you look. These traits are the things seen by others. No matter how people view each
one as a person, one’s knowledge of the actual-self comprises the self-image. Self-concept affects
one's behavior and overall success in any undertakings.

The two aspects of self-concept are both important and must be evaluated for positive self-
development. Ideal-self when improved based on idolizing someone must be think of and chosen
carefully to gain and develop the positive traits. It must be in tune with the actual-self. The aspect
that requires a great sense of well-being. Having the right attitude, and making the right choices of
things we wanted to develop in us could affect our dealings with people and things. Positive self-
concept contributes to great success.

SELF-AWARENESS

Self-awareness of the traits possessed and the characteristics that need to be worked on will give
a great impact into becoming the best version ourselves. This contributes to one’s personal
effectiveness in dealing with others and in working towards success. A well-developed personality is
the one that builds on the strength and works on the weaknesses. One tries to learn more about the
new ways and shows good and admirable behavior behind whatever situation they are in. To be
effective, you have to set your personal goals, you have to plan your actions and be reflective from
time to time. Here are some of the personal qualities that could give great impact to one’s
personality:

1. Knowing Yourself
A person who knows oneself has the sense of direction and knows one’s purpose in life. Knowing
oneself is recognizing one’s strengths and weaknesses, including the fears, knowing one’s desire
and thoughts in life, likes and dislikes, habits and individualities as well as the things one can
tolerate in dealing with others and in handling situations.

2. Being Confident

Self-confidence is shown in one's personal judgment, ability, and capacity in responding to

situations. It is shown in one's personal way of carrying oneself, showing one’s ability, and capacity
in facing others without fear and hesitation. With self-confidence one can carry out the things one
wishes to do. This trait is being developed from experiences of having mastered a particular
emotion or activity.

3. Being Courteous

A courteous person receives good impression and earns respect. Courtesy leads to progress, for
one gets the support of many who feels the politeness of a person.

4. Being properly dressed

Proper dressing earns respect. It is important that one should always consider the occasion, the
time, the climate and the season in choosing what dress to be worn. It reflects the soundness of
mind and it tells how ready we are facing the day. The way you are dressed is the way you’ll be
addressed.

5. Being sensitive and know your body language

Sensitive people are cautious in their way in dealing with others and in handling situations. They
easily notice certain details others may accept or ignore, and they can be very creative in giving
opinions and in showing their gestures or actions.

6. Having a positive outlook

A positive attitude includes understanding life’s troubles and challenges. It means being optimistic
or having a positive mind in looking for the good in things, rather than being a negative-minded with
tendency to focus on the bad in things. Positive thoughts and actions create happy community and
a better world.

7. Being tactful in giving your opinions

A person’s tact or carefulness would tell many things about him or her; the emotional intelligence,
respect, self-awareness, thoughtfulness, compassion, delicacy, honesty, diplomacy, and courtesy in
dealing situations. Being careful in everything is shown when one can give difficult feedback, and
communicate sensitive information, with the right thing and doing the right action to preserve a
relationship.

8. Being a good listener

Being a good listener enriches one's understanding and increases one's capacity for considering
others and situations. It levels up one's awareness with the outside world by improving one’s
thinking while listening. With good listening, comes the right words, actions and interactions in our
day-to-day lives.
9. Being friendly

Meeting and knowing new people help develop a healthy mental image. Your interaction with others
leads to manifestations and mastery of the five features of personality; honesty, delicacy, right
attitude, kindness and mindfulness. Start smart with the people you know. Be the friendly you.

10. Being humble

Part II: Performance Task 1

ACTIVITY # 1: SELF-CONCEPT
INVENTORY
Take a look at your own self-concept and answer the following self-concept inventory in your
journal. Give yourself a rating using the scale: 0 = very weak; 1 = weak; 2 = somewhat weak
or somewhat strong; 3 = strong; 4 = very strong
____1. I have strong sex appeal.
____2. I am proud of my physical figure.
____3. I am physically attractive and beautiful/handsome.
____4. I exude with charm and poise.
____5. I am easy to get along with.
____6. I can adjust to different people and different situations.
____7. I am approachable; other people are at ease and comfortable with me.
____8. I am lovable and easy to love.
____9. I am a fast learner, can understand with one instruction.
____10. I am intelligent.
____I have special talents and abilities.
____12. I can easily analyze situations and make right judgments.
____13. I can be trusted in any transaction.
____14. I have a clear conscience and carry no guilty feeling.
____15. I have integrity and good reputation.
____16. My friends and classmates can look up to me as a model worth emulating.
____17. I can express my ideas without difficulty.
____18. I talk in a persuasive manner that I can easily get people to accept what I say.
____19. I can express my ideas in writing without difficulty.
____20. I am a good listener.
____21. I am emotionally stable and not easily rattled when faced with trouble.
____22. I am logical and rational in my outlook and decisions.
____23. I feel and act with confidence.
____24. I am a mature person.

Scoring: Copy this table in your journal. Write your score opposite each number and get the
subtotal.

Physical appeal Human Relations Intelligence

1 5 9
2 6 10
3 7 11
4 8 12
Subtotal: Subtotal: Subtotal:
Character Communications Maturity
13 17 21
14 18 22
 15 19 23
16 20 24
Subtotal: Subtotal: Subtotal:

How do you perceive yourself?

Look at the results of your self-concept inventory and answer the following
questions.
1. In what areas do you consider yourself strong (with score 14-16 or somewhat
weak (score of 10-13) and very weak (below10).
2. Are there qualities you consider as your weakness but other people consider
as your strength? What are these? Check with a partner.
Example: A lady can say “I`m ugly” yet other consider her very charming. Or
conversely, one can have the illusion of saying “I am very intelligent or
competent” when most of his ideas sound unreasonable or illogical to most of
the people. There is indeed a big difference between what you see in yourself
(real self-image) and what is projected in the eyes of the others (your social
image).
3. How realistic is your self-image?
4. To what extent does it reflect your real self?

ACTIVITY # 1/Written Work: THIS IS ME!

INVENTORY

Each one of us has the power to choose who we want ourselves to be, including how we want
others to know us. Below is your personal shirt that would best describe you as a person. Beside it
are the choices of personal qualities you wanted to be written on your shirt as your self-identity.

Directions: Draw your personal design of shirt. At the center of the shirt, write the word: This Is Me!
Pick your personal qualities and list them inside the drawn shirt. Style your own personal shirt.
This is Me!
ACTIVITY #2: I AM THE AUTHOR OF MY LIFE!

Directions: List down your goals you have envisioned for yourself at the center of your palm,
and on the fingers, list down the skills you wanted to hold with you to be successful in life.
 Lesson 2 Developing the Whole Person
Week 2:7 hours

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the week, it is expected that the learners must be able to;

1) discuss the relationship among physiological, cognitive, psychological, spiritual,

and social development to understand his/her thoughts, feelings, and behaviors;
2) evaluate his/her own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; and,

3) show the connections between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in actual life
situations

Lesson
Five Areas of Personal
2 Development
 Human development is the way that people change and grow
across their life span. There are many types of development that people
go through. As children learn problem-solving skills, their cognitive (or
thinking) development grows. When people age, they often develop
wisdom, which means they are better able to handle stress, a process that
is part of emotional development.

Life seems to have become a bewildering maze at times. Thus, you try to
reflect on your common beliefs. Amidst these developments, it helps
recognize how the different physiological, cognitive, emotional, spiritual,
and social developments are in a dynamic relationship. By recognizing
such changes, you can understand and evaluate your thoughts.

The following section discusses how to develops one’s personality and to

make it well balanced.
Five Areas of Personal Development

Area Development
Physiological development Refers to physical changes in the body
as well as the senses and changes in
skills related to movement.
Emotional development It has something to do with the feelings
that you experience.
Social development It is about our innate capacity to relate
with others, to connect, and to feel the
sense of belongingness
Cognitive development Refers to a person’s intellectual
abilities as shown inhis/her
thoughts,
attitudes, beliefs and values.
Spiritual development It is discovering oneself beyond the ego
known as the soul, spirit, or the “inner
essence” that is often disregarded or
taken for granted. It is experiencing a
glimpse of the “inner guide” of one’s
beliefs and values in discovering the
meaning of life.

PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

Physical health is defined as the condition of your body, taking into

consideration everything from the absence of disease to fitness level.
Physical health is critical for overall well-being and can be affected by:
 Lifestyle: diet, level of physical activity, and behavior (eating
unhealthy foods);
 Human biology: a person’s genetics and physiology may make it
 easier or harder to achieve good physical health;
 Environment: our surroundings and exposure to factors such as
sunlight or toxic substances; and
 Healthcare service: good healthcare can help prevent illness, as
well as to detect and treat illness.

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 It is important to take care of your body. Live healthy, eat healthy foods, get
enough sleep, exercise regularly, and avoid drugs and alcohol. Manage stress and
go for regular medical check-ups. Practice good hygiene.

Self-check. Ask yourself regarding your Physiological Development.

1. How healthy is your physical body?
2. Does it get enough rest and sleep?
3. Is it given nutritional food and sufficient water to help the physiological
system do its functions more optimally?
4. What aches and pains does your body suffer?
5. When was your last medical check-up?
6. What are the common illnesses in your family?
7. If you look into generations before, what sickness plagued your
ancestors?
8. In the pandemic crisis, do you consider yourself safe from such viruses
and diseases?

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Emotional health is an important part of overall health. Emotionally healthy people
are in control of their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. They can cope with life’s
challenges. Emotions are responses that generate biochemical reactions in our
bodies, changing the physical state.
There are many ways to improve or maintain good emotional health.
 Be aware of your emotions and reactions. Notice what in your life makes
you sad, frustrated, or angry. Try to address or change those things.
 Think before you act. Emotions can be powerful. Give yourself time to think,
and be calm before you say or do something you might regret.
 Manage stress. Try to change situations, causing you stress. Learn
relaxation methods to cope with stress.
 Strive for balance. Find a healthy balance between work and play and
between activity and rest. Make time for things you enjoy. Focus on positive
things in your life.
 Take care of your physical health. Your physical health can affect your
emotional health. Exercise regularly, eat healthy meals and get enough
sleep. Do not abuse drugs or alcohol.
 Connect with others. We are social creatures. We need positive connections
with other people.

Self-check. Ask yourself regarding your Emotional Development:

Your own experiences when you are
-happy -sad -afraid
-surprised -angry -disgusted

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Social Development refers to how people develop social and emotional skills
across the lifespan, with particular attention to childhood and adolescence.
Healthy social development allows us to form positive relationships with family,
friends, teachers, and other people in our lives.
 As a person develop and perceive its individuality within a community, he/she
also gains skills to communicate with other people and process his/her actions.
Social development most often refers to how a person develops friendships and
other relationships and how a person handles conflict with peers.

Why is social development important?

Social development can impact many other forms of development a person
experiences. Healthy social development allows us to form positive relationships
with family, friends, teachers, and other people.
Healthy social development can help you:
 Develop Communication Skills. An ability to interact with others allows for
more opportunities to practice communications skills
 Build self-esteem. When a person is unable to make friends, it can be
frustrating or even painful. A good circle of friends reinforces a person’s
comfort level with her individuality.
 Strengthen learning skills. Studies show that children who have a hard time
getting along with classmates as early as a preschool are more likely to
experience later academic difficulties.
 Resolve conflicts. Stronger self-esteem and better language skills can
ultimately lead to a better ability to resolve differences with peers.
 Establish a positive attitude. A positive attitude ultimately leads to better
relationships with others and higher levels of self-confidence.

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Cognitive development means how people think, explore, and figure things out. It
is the development of knowledge, skills, problem-solving, and dispositions, which
helps a person to think about and understand the world around them. Brain
development is part of cognitive development. This aspect of the self is enhanced
when one attends school to study and learn or engages in other mental endeavors.
Mental abilities are developed by engaging in intellectual pursuits such as studies,
work, and figuring out how best to deal with challenges—thinking, planning,
organizing, evaluating, and maximizing cognitive abilities. The more we study, the
more we learn; while the more we learn, the more we can study better.
Self-check. Ask yourself regarding your Cognitive Development
1. Have you experienced mistakes in the choices you made? How do you deal with
these situations?
2. What is your attitude towards your study habits?
3. Are you doing well in your studies?

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 SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT

Spiritual development is defined as discovering oneself beyond the ego

known as the soul, spirit, or the “inner essence” that is often disregarded or taken
for granted (Llaneza-Ramos, 2017). It is when one experiences a glimpse of the
“inner guide” of one’s beliefs and values as one discovers the meaning of life. It also
allows people to connect with a Higher Power that is called by many names like
"God, Buddha, Allah.” “We are Christians, we are committed to the poor, we value
people, we are partners, and are responsive.” As we grow spiritually, our attitude
toward life also changes for the better in many ways. Most of our problems stem
from our perceptions and expectations of ourselves and of the world. One will
realize that this solves half the problems of our life. Spiritual growth and
development help us to imbibe humility. Spirituality and inner peace is a way of
life. It helps us to develop great strength and courage. Spiritual growth and
development help to make human beings better citizens.
Self-check. Ask yourself regarding your Spiritual Development
1. How can you tell that you believe in “God”?
2. What are the things you do that manifest your spiritual development?

Activity 3/Written work 3

Instruction: Create a diagram “About Myself “ using the Five Areas of Personality
Development. This will be your “Personal Reflection”. You can create your own
style of diagram. Write your name at the center of the diagram. Example :
Rubrics for Personal
Reflection
OBTAINED
CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS
POINTS

Content The student was able to reflect his/her

personal experiences and social experiences 10
using the five areas of personal development.
Creativity The diagram was created artistically using 6
his/her own design.
Organization The ideas were well organized based on the
4
concept of personal development.
Total 20
 Lesson Developmental Stages in Middle and Late Adolescence
Week 3:7 hours
3
Learning Objectives:

At the end of the week, it is expected that the learners must be able to:

1) discuss developmental tasks and challenges during adolescence;

2) evaluate one’s development through the help of significant people around
him/her (peers, parents, siblings, friends, teachers, community leaders); and
3) identify ways that help one become capable and responsible adolescent
prepared for adult life.

Human Development
 It focuses on human growth and changes across the lifespan, including physical,
cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, personality and emotional growth.

The study of human developmental stages is essential to understanding how humans learn,
mature, and adapt. Throughout their lives, humans go through various stages in
development.

1. Pre-natal Period (conception to birth)

2. Infancy (birth to 2 years)
3. Early Childhood (2 to 6 years)
4. Late Childhood (6 to 12 years)
5. Adolescence (puberty (13) to 18 years)
6. Early Adulthood (18 to 40 years)
7. Middle Adulthood (40 years to retirement)
8. Old Age (retirement to death

Progress Before Birth:

Prenatal Development
3 phases
1. germinal stage = first 2 weeks
conception, implantation, formation of placenta

2. embryonic stage = 2 weeks – 2 months

formation of vital organs and systems
3. fetal stage = 2 months – birth
bodily growth continues, movement capability begins, brain cells multiply age of viability

Prenatal
Overview of fetal development

It involves tremendous growth – from a single cell to an organism complete with brain
and behavioral capabilities

Stages of Human Development

Pre-natal (Conception to birth)

Age when hereditary endowments and sex are fixed and all body features, both
external and internal are developed.

Infancy
(Birth to 2 years)
Infancy (Birth – 2 years)

 Foundation age when basic behavior are organized and many ontogenetic
maturation skills are developed.

1 year old
 change from plump baby to leaner more muscular toddler
 begins to walk & talk
 ability for passive language (better understanding of what’s being said)
 tentative sense of independence
 determined explorer
2 years old
 • begins to communicate verbally (name, etc.)
• can usually speak in 3 to 4 word sentences
• famous for negative behavior
“NO!” to everything!
temper tantrums
• will play side by side other children, but does not actively play with them
• great imitators

Early Childhood
2 to 6 years
 Pre-gang age, exploratory, and questioning. Language and Elementary reasoning are
acquired and initial socialization is experienced.
 sentences are more complex; speaks well enough for strangers to understand
 imagination is vivid; line between what is real & imaginary is often indistinct
 develops fears (common fears: fear of dark, fear of animals, & fear of death)
Late Childhood
6 - 12 years old
 Gang and creativity age when self-help skills, social skills, school skills, and play are
developed.
 both large & small muscles well-developed
 developed complex motor skills
 from independent activities to same sex group activities
 acceptance by peers very important
 parental approval still important
Puberty (13) - 18 years old

 Transition age from childhood to adulthood when sex maturation and rapid physical
development occur resulting to changes in ways of feeling, thinking, and acting.
 traumatic life stage for child & parent
 puberty occurs
 extremely concerned with appearance
 trying to establish self-identity
 confrontations with authority
Early Adulthood
18 - 40 years old
 Age of adjustment to new patterns of life and roles such as spouse, parent and
breadwinner.
 physical development complete
 emotional maturation continues to develop
 usually learned to accept responsibility for actions & accept criticism
 usually knows how to profit from errors
 socially progress from age-related peer groups to people with similar interests
Middle Age
40 years to retirement
 Transition age when adjustments to initial physical and mental decline are
 experienced.
 physical changes begin to occur:
 hair begins to thin & gray
 wrinkles appear
 hearing & vision decrease
 muscles lose tone
 main concerns: children, health, job security, aging parents, & fear of aging
 love & acceptance still take a major role
Old Age
Retirement to death
 Retirement age when increasingly rapid physical and mental decline are experienced.
 fastest growing age bracket of society
 physical deterioration (brittle bones, poor coordination)
 some memory problems
 coping with retirement & forms of entertainment
 very concerned with health & finances
 significant number become depressed; suicide rate is high

Age Definitions of Adolescence

Republic Act (RA) 10354, the Responsible Parenthood and

Reproductive Health (RPRH) Act of 2012 uses the term adolescents for
people aged 10-19 years. This distinguishes the term from youth for
those aged 15–24 years and young people, aged 10-24 years. In the
Philippines, adolescents comprise 21.5% of the country’s population
(NSO, 2010). The Department of Health (DOH) and the Philippine
Pediatric Society (PPS) divides the adolescence period into: Early
adolescence (10-13 years old), Middle adolescence (14-16 years old), and
Late adolescence (17-19 years old). At each stage, adolescents have
different concerns. For example, girls in early adolescence may have just
begun menstruating and are concerned with their menstrual hygiene. In
comparison, girls in late adolescence are concerned with romantic
relationships. Early adolescents who are attending school have unique
concerns compared to late adolescents who are employed.

What is Special about Adolescents?

Adolescence stage is one of the most rapid and formative phases of

human development. Adolescence is rooted in the Latin verb adolescere
which denotes
<to grow= or <to grow to maturity.= This stage signifies the period of
growth: from childhood to adulthood. Apparently, there are distinctive
physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and sexual developmental changes
that take place during adolescence. Adolescents experience hormonal
changes and puberty, new and complex sensations and emotions, and burst
of emotional and physiological brain development. They also experience
sexual awareness and gender identity. Gender identity refers to a person’s
internal sense of gender, which may or may not match with the sex assigned
at birth. They also experience evolving cognitive ability and context-
influenced emotional impulse control. Cognitive ability enables
adolescents to perform mental activities such problem solving and learning.
Adolescents are also concerned about their physical identity. Physical
identity refers to an individual’s awareness of his/her own appearance.
Based on Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Stages, adolescents face the
challenge as identity versus role confusion. They work at enhancing a sense
of self by testing roles, then combining them to create a single identity.

Adolescence stage is a milestone to all individuals since it serves as

the metamorphosis in becoming an adult. In this stage, adolescents started
to grasp various information, engage themselves to different groups and
community, as well as explore the ways of life. These haps, however,
pose some challenges to every adolescent such as striving to find an
answer to the question
Three Stages of Adolescence

Early adolescence (10-13 years old) is the beginning stages of puberty

where both sexes experience significant physical growth and increased sexual
interest.

Middle adolescence (14-16 years old) is a stage where puberty is already

completed. In this stage, both sexes continue to experience growing capacity for
abstract ideas. This is also where numerous social and emotional changes occur.

Late adolescence (17-19 years old) is a mark of the final preparations for
adult roles. The developmental demands of the late adolescence extend up to the
period of young adulthood.

Challenges of Middle and Late Adolescence

Middle Adolescence (Ages 14-16)

During this stage, adolescents become morally aware (Morality refers to

the beliefs about what is right behavior and what is wrong behavior). They have
the potential ability for abstract thinking which is characterized by the ability to
apply concepts and to create and comprehend generalizations. They also
experience desire for independence, which is the freedom from the control or
influence of other people.

Late Adolescence (Ages 17-19)

During this stage, adolescents attain increased independence and emotional

stability, which enables a person to manage her emotions and life. Adolescents also
attain the ability to think about ideas logically, make plans, and gain a firm sense
of identity (Identity refers to the set of qualities and beliefs that make one person or
group different from others). They are also concerned with romantic relationships.

Stages of Healthy Adolescent Development

Stage with Age Range Middle Adolescence Late Adolescence

(Approx) (Ages 15 – 17 years) (Ages 18 -21 years)
Physical Growth Secondary sexual Physical maturity and
characteristics advanced reproductive off and
95% adult height reached ending
Intellectual/ Cognition Growth in abstract Abstract thought
thought; reverts to concrete established
thought under stress Future oriented; able to
Cause –effect relationships understand, plan and
better understood pursue long range goals
Very self-absorbed Philosophical and
idealistic
Autonomy Conflict with family Emancipation:
predominates due to  vocational/ technical/
ambivalence about college and/or work
emerging independence  adult lifestyle

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 Stage with Age Range Middle Adolescence Late Adolescence
(Approx) (Ages 15 – 17 years) (Ages 18 -21 years)
Body Image Less concern about Usually comfortable with
physical changes but body image
increased interest in
personal attractiveness
Excessive physical activity
alternating with lethargy
Peer Group Strong peer alliances – fad Decision values less
behaviours influenced by peers
Sexual drives emerge and Relates to individuals
teens begin to explore more than to peer group
ability to date and attract a Selection of partner
partner based on individual
preference
Identity Development Experimentation – sex, Pursue realistic
drugs, friends, jobs, risk- vocational goals with
taking behaviour training or career
employment
Relate to family as adult
Realizations of own
limitations and mortality
Establishment of sexual
identity, sexual activity is
more common
Establishment of ethical
and moral value system
More capable of intimate,
complex relationship

Adolescents also experience challenges in peer, family, and romantic relationship.

1. Peer relationship includes relationships with friends, neighbors, teammates,

and classmates; it enables an adolescent to have independence from their
parents and to develop his/her own personal identity.
2. Family relationship involves relationship with immediate family members
including parents and siblings. An adolescent with a good family relationship
makes him/her feel secured and loved.
3. Romantic relationship is an interpersonal relationship that involves emotional
intimacy and passion with the opposite sex.

In the Philippines, many social challenges (problems that people are

experiencing with their daily interaction with others) and issues such as poverty,
lack of education, drug or substance abuse, sex crimes, and family problems
continue to affect adolescents.
Example of social challenges during middle and late adolescence

1. Youth violence refers to the intentional use of physical force or power

to threaten or harm young people. Examples are sexual assault, kicking,
and bullying.
 Bullying refers to the abuse and mistreatment of someone
vulnerable by someone stronger or more powerful.
 Sexual assault is the illegal sexual contact that usually involves
force upon a person without consent or is inflicted upon a person
who is incapable of giving consent because of age or physical or
mental incapacity.

2. Substance abuse is a long-term, pathological use of alcohol or drugs,

characterized by daily intoxication, inability to reduce consumption, and
impairment in social or occupational functioning; broadly, alcohol or drug
addiction.

3. Malnutrition refers to faulty nutrition due to inadequate or

unbalanced intake of nutrients or their impaired assimilation or
utilization.

4. Reproductive Health is a condition in which the reproductive

functions and processes are accomplished in a state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being.

5. Lack of education is a condition in which a person has a below-average

level of knowledge in basic things in life due to little or no formal
schooling.

6. Family problems involve conflict with family members, parenting

issues, sibling rivalry, separation of parents, and financial problems.
 Lesson Self-Development – Identify Ways that Help

4 One Become Capable and Responsible

Adolescent Prepared for Adult Life

Taking responsibility has been part of our daily living. Even when we
are still young we were trained by our parents to take some duties. It is in
this way that they can raise us well by helping us become capable to
whatever tasks we will be having in the near future and become very
much responsible to whatever obligations we have to take as an
individual and as part of a bigger community.

In this module you will learn more about how you can help yourself
become responsible adolescent in preparation for adulthood.

What is It

Why Be Capable and Responsible Adolescent

Activities in What’s New was set for you to intentionally and

primarily reveal your sense of responsibility over things.

If you have come up with reasonable ideas through weighing

things and considering other matters, it is an indicator that you have
developed a good sense of responsibility.

Responsibility is any moral, legal, or mental obligation or duty that

is directly or indirectly entrusted to you by the people around from which
you are held accountable for whatever consequences or circumstance that
may arrive in the future.

Responsibility is part of growing up. We are being taught and

trained to develop a great sense of responsibility, so that we will be capable
to face the consequences of our own actions. As they say, “nobody can
clean his/her own mess but himself/herself alone.”

Being capable and responsible adolescent means having a

harmonious lifestyle. A person, performing his/her own sets of duties
and accountabilities, can make a great impact to the community. Being a
concrete example, he/she could be emulated by the community,
eventually serving as the key for the positive transformation of the
society.
8 Common Responsibilities of Adolescents

An adolescent like you must be familiar and have a wider

understanding on your sets of responsibilities which have become the
norms for you to be considered a responsible person. Below are some of
the common obligations that are expected from an adolescent like you.

1. Show respect to elders.

Paying respect to elders would be one of the most valuable
thing an adolescent can do in the critical stage when kids are still
trying to develop good manners.

2. Take care of the younger ones.

Preparing adolescents to become a responsible adult of the
future really starts within the family by merely taking care of their
siblings. It serves as training ground for them to become a loving
and caring parents in the future.

3. Study well.
Studying hard is one’s personal obligation. Parents are only
extending their assistance to their children so that as they take their
turn in the society they will find it easy to perform their role
responsibly and live a bright future.

4. Avoid engaging to bad vices.

One must also distance himself/herself from bad vices and
practices. for these activities mislead him/her from the
principles and teachings of his/her parents and/or school and
draw him/her away from his/her dreamed success.

5. Establish a good identity.

Living with good identity will help one see all his/her
potentials and love himself/herself more. A lot of people will start to
like working with him/her and this would mean learning more.

6. Earn the trust of the people around.

Gaining the trust of the people that surround you is the
fulfilling result of creating your own identity. Having people’s
appreciation is just one of the wonderful effects of being trustworthy.

7. Distinguish good company from bad influence.

It is your level of willpower that helps you concretized your success.
However, your choice of company might hinder your strong will
to become successful so learn to choose your company well.

8. Know yourself better.

Knowing yourself is being able to identify your strongest
characteristic traits and personality. Obtaining a comprehensive
understanding of your abilities and capabilities is of great advantage
for you to become genuinely responsible and later on be a fulfilled
individual.
Ways to Become Capable and Responsible Person in
Preparation for Adult Life

Getting teenagers ready for their life ahead becomes the duty of the
whole society. There are numbers of suggestions and teachings on how you
can really turn into a responsible individual. Below are some of the common
ways on how we can establish sense of responsibility within ourselves.

Know your priority

Putting the most important things at the top of your priority is
the best strategy for you to have a good sense of direction. Having this
enables you to identify your goal and keep your concentration on it.

Have focus
Prioritizing things out leads you to set your eyes to the most
important things. This will maximize your strong determination to
accomplish your goals. This will give you a clear mind and a clear objectives
as well. Having focused on one thing delivers you from being efficient in
your task/s by applying effective strategies.

Be decisive
Being responsible is equal to being decisive. Decision making is one
of the life skills that teenagers must have. Our life depends on how well
we decide on things.

We must learn to be assertive to arrive with the best decision we could

come up with by carefully weighing things and considering the logic
implied in the situation.

Work diligently
Taking time to do your work need not to be imposed to you rather
you should have the initiative to do each. Diligently working entails joyful
atmosphere and graceful aura. A lively spirit would always keep you
blessed with ton of energy and enthusiasm to work hard without
complaining.

Don’t count at all

A real hard-working person does not count his/her duties instead
he/she works with the goal of finishing all the tasks. This character trait
will let you have the right spirit to become responsible individual and build
camaraderie with your colleague developing sense of reliability within you.
Stay humble
Having not to count what you have successfully accomplished will
help you keep your feet on the ground. In some other circumstance,
humility may also mean being able to acknowledge your imperfections; and
apologizing for it is a clear manifestation that the virtue of sense of
responsibility is little by little being accepted by your system and principles.

Love your duty

If diligence can bring out lively spirit in you, your love towards your
sets of obligations brings out all your undiscovered strengths. Loving your
duty keeps your day bright and will help you forget boredom even with the
tasks commonly hated by others.

Dedicate time
Loving your duty is not complete without dedicating your time. Being
responsible individual also requires you to dedicate enough amount of
time. It is when you dedicate your time that all your effort will be
materialized.

What’s
More

Activity 1.1 Understanding Ways to Become Responsible

Direction: Write Yes if you agree with each of the statement and No if you do not.
1. Sets of responsibility are given to a person at a very young age.
2. Responsibility is any set of obligations entrusted to every person.
3. As a person becomes mature, he/she
becomes capable of taking responsibility.
4. All of us are capable of being responsible.
5. Being responsible will help one grow into a
mature person and achieve more.
Activity Steps of Becoming Responsible
In this activity you are to list the steps on how you can be capable
and responsible adolescent who is ready to face adult life. Name the four
most relevant and effective means that you have applied in your life.
Use the stair diagram below. Explain your concept using the guide
questions.

Guide Questions

1. What is so special with the steps you have mentioned in your diagram above?
2. How can these steps be of great help in making you responsible and
confident adolescent facing adulthood?
References:

Part IV: Internet Links

http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-self-concept-in-psychology-definition- lesson-
quiz.html
http://study.com/academy/lesson/ideal-self-vs-real-self-definition-lesson-quiz.html

http://www.chrysalisdevelopment.com/page6/page4/page4.html http://www.learning-
mind.com/7-basic-personal-effectiveness-skills/

Roldan, Amelia S. (2003). On Becoming a Winner: A Workbook on Personality Development

and Character Building. AR Skills Development and Management Services (SDMS), Paranaque
City, Metro Manila.

Ways to Become a Responsible Adolescent Prepared for Adult Life:

(2016). OurHappySchool Your Online Entertainment Magazine,
15 June, 2020
https://ourhappyschool.com/social-sciences/ways-become-responsible-
adolescent-prepared-adult-life.

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