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Java String Handling

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6 views6 pages

Java String Handling

This is about java

Uploaded by

crkpcrkp9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Java String Handling

Java provides extensive support for handling strings, which are sequences of characters. Here's a

detailed breakdown of the mentioned topics:

1. String Constructors

The String class in Java offers several constructors for creating and initializing strings:

- Default Constructor:

Creates an empty string:

String s = new String(); // ""

- Using Another String:

Initializes a new string with the value of another string:

String s = new String("Hello");

- Using Character Array:

Converts a character array into a string:

char[] chars = {'J', 'a', 'v', 'a'};

String s = new String(chars); // "Java"

- Using Subset of a Character Array:

Creates a string from a specific portion of a character array:

char[] chars = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'};

String s = new String(chars, 1, 3); // "ell"


- Using Byte Array:

Converts a byte array into a string, assuming the default character encoding:

byte[] bytes = {65, 66, 67};

String s = new String(bytes); // "ABC"

2. Special String Operations

Java provides several operations that can be performed on strings:

- Concatenation:

Combines two strings using the + operator or the concat() method:

String s1 = "Hello";

String s2 = "World";

String result = s1 + " " + s2; // "Hello World"

String result2 = s1.concat(" ").concat(s2); // "Hello World"

- Substring:

Extracts a part of a string:

String s = "Programming";

String sub = s.substring(0, 4); // "Prog"

- Length:

Returns the number of characters in the string:

int len = s.length(); // 11

- Case Conversion:

Converts to uppercase or lowercase:

String lower = "Hello".toLowerCase(); // "hello"


String upper = "hello".toUpperCase(); // "HELLO"

- Trimming:

Removes leading and trailing whitespace:

String s = " Java ";

String trimmed = s.trim(); // "Java"

3. Character Extraction

Methods for extracting characters or groups of characters from a string:

- charAt():

Retrieves the character at a specific index:

String s = "Hello";

char ch = s.charAt(1); // 'e'

- getChars():

Copies characters into an array:

char[] chars = new char[5];

s.getChars(0, 5, chars, 0); // chars = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'}

- toCharArray():

Converts the entire string into a character array:

char[] chars = s.toCharArray(); // {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'}

4. String Comparisons

Strings can be compared using various methods:


- equals():

Checks if two strings are identical (case-sensitive):

String s1 = "Hello";

String s2 = "Hello";

boolean isEqual = s1.equals(s2); // true

- equalsIgnoreCase():

Checks equality, ignoring case:

boolean isEqual = s1.equalsIgnoreCase("hello"); // true

- compareTo():

Compares strings lexicographically:

int result = s1.compareTo("World"); // negative value since "Hello" < "World"

- startsWith() and endsWith():

Checks if a string starts or ends with a specific substring:

boolean starts = s1.startsWith("He"); // true

boolean ends = s1.endsWith("lo"); // true

5. Modifying a String

Since strings in Java are immutable, modification operations create a new string:

- Replace Characters or Substrings:

String s = "Java";

String replaced = s.replace('a', 'o'); // "Jovo"

String replacedStr = s.replace("Java", "Python"); // "Python"


- Concatenation:

Adds a string to another string:

String s = "Hello";

s = s.concat(" World"); // "Hello World"

6. StringBuffer

Unlike String, StringBuffer is mutable, meaning its content can be modified. It is thread-safe but

slower compared to StringBuilder.

Common Methods of StringBuffer:

- Append:

Adds data to the end of the string:

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("Hello");

sb.append(" World"); // "Hello World"

- Insert:

Inserts data at a specific position:

sb.insert(6, "Java "); // "Hello Java World"

- Replace:

Replaces part of the string:

sb.replace(6, 10, "Amazing"); // "Hello Amazing World"

- Delete:

Removes characters from the string:

sb.delete(6, 13); // "Hello World"


- Reverse:

Reverses the string:

sb.reverse(); // "dlroW olleH"

- Capacity Management:

StringBuffer has an initial capacity, which grows as needed:

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

sb.ensureCapacity(50); // Ensures the capacity is at least 50

Key Differences Between String and StringBuffer

| Feature | String (Immutable) | StringBuffer (Mutable) |

|--------------------|-----------------------|----------------------------|

| Modification | Creates a new object | Modifies the same object |

| Thread-Safety | Not thread-safe | Thread-safe |

| Performance | Faster for reads | Slower due to synchronization |

By mastering these topics, you'll be well-equipped to handle Java's powerful string manipulation

capabilities effectively.

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