BIT 1160

• SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
AND DESIGN
• MR LI ST ON E KAPUT ULA
Systems Analysis and Design
Introduction
Project Initiation
Requirements Gathering
Process Modeling
Data Modeling
Modelling with UML
System Design
System Implemenation
Project Management in Systems Development
Agile and Iterative Development
 System Implementation
Overview
System development is the process of creating or
modifying information systems to meet the needs of
businesses and users.
This may involves several stages including
analysis, design, coding, testing, and
deployment.
Importance of System Development
 Efficient systems enhance productivity and
decision-making.
 Properly developed systems improve
communication and collaboration.
 System Implementation
Overview
System implementation is the practical phase of
bringing a planned system into operation.
The focus is to translate the design into program
and code modules that will function properly
Review the System Design
 Tasks produced an overall design and a plan for
physical implementation
Successful implementation ensures that the system
meets the requirements and functions effectively.
 System Implementation
Phases of system development
System Analysis Phase:
Objective: Understand user needs and define
system requirements.
Activities:
 Conduct thorough interviews, surveys, and
workshops to gather requirements.
 Analyze existing systems and workflows.
 Define functional and non-functional
requirements.
 System Implementation
Phases of system development
System Design Phase:
Objective: Create a blueprint for system architecture
and functionalities.
Activities:
 Develop system architecture based on gathered
requirements.
 Design user interfaces, database structures, and
system workflows.
 Create detailed technical specifications.
 System Implementation
Phases of system development
System Design Phase:
Objective: Create a blueprint for system architecture
and functionalities.
Deliverables:
 System design documents.
 User interface prototypes.
 Database schema designs.

 System Implementation
Phases of system development
Implementation Phase:
Objective: Develop, test, and deploy the system.
Activities:
 Write code based on design specifications.
 Conduct unit testing to ensure individual
components work as intended.
 Integrate components to build the complete system.
 Perform system testing and user acceptance
testing (UAT).
 Deploy the system to the production environment.
 System Implementation
Phases of system development
Maintenance Phase:
Objective: Regular updates, bug fixes, and system
enhancements.
Activities:
 Address user feedback and reported issues.
 Implement software patches and bug fixes.
 Enhance system functionalities based on
changing requirements.
 Perform performance tuning and optimization.
 System Implementation
System Implementation Activities
Translating Design into a Functional System:
Objective: Convert design specifications into a
working software application.
Activities:
 Writing code based on the system design.
 Developing necessary functionalities and
features.
 Integrating components to create a cohesive
system.
 System Implementation
System Implementation Activities
Programming Languages, Development
Environments, and Clean Code:
 Selection of appropriate programming
languages and development tools based on
project requirements and technical
considerations.
 Writing clean, maintainable, and efficient code
to enhance readability, scalability, and ease of
future modifications.
 Adherence to coding standards, best practices,
and design patterns to promote consistency.
 System Implementation
System Implementation Activities
Testing Methodologies:
 Unit Testing: Testing individual components or
units of code in isolation to verify their
correctness and functionality.
 Integration Testing: Testing the interaction and
integration between various modules or
components to ensure they work together
seamlessly.
 System Implementation
System Implementation Activities
Testing Methodologies: ...
 Acceptance Testing: Validation of the system
against user requirements and business
objectives to ensure it meets the stakeholders'
expectations.
 Continuous testing throughout the
implementation phase to detect and address
defects early, improving the overall quality and
reliability of the system.
 System Implementation
Deployment Strategies
Phased Rollout:
 Gradual deployment of the system in phases,
typically starting with a small subset of users or
functionalities and gradually expanding to larger
audiences.
 Allows for incremental testing and validation of
the system's performance and stability before
full-scale deployment.
 Helps mitigate risks by identifying and
addressing issues early in the deployment
process.
 System Implementation
Deployment Strategies
Blue-Green Deployment:
 Involves maintaining two identical production
environments: one active (blue) and one
inactive (green).
 New versions of the system are deployed to the
inactive environment and thoroughly tested
before switching the traffic from the active to the
inactive environment.
 Enables seamless rollback to the previous
version in case of issues, minimizing downtime
and user impact.
 System Implementation
Deployment Strategies
Canary Release:
 Involves deploying a new version of the system
to a small subset of users or servers, known as
the "canary group," while the majority of users
remain on the stable version.
 Allows for real-world testing of the new version in
a controlled environment, monitoring its
performance and gathering feedback before full
deployment.
 Enables early detection of issues and ensures a
smooth transition to the new version for all users.
 System Implementation
Release Management
It encompasses the planning, scheduling,
coordination, and monitoring of activities related to
system releases.
 Develop a comprehensive release plan outlining
the timeline, milestones, and activities
associated with the release of system updates or
new versions.
 Schedule release activities in alignment with
business objectives, stakeholder requirements,
and operational considerations.
 System Implementation
Release Management
It encompasses ...
 Coordinate efforts among cross-functional teams,
including developers, testers, system
administrators, and stakeholders, to ensure
smooth execution of release tasks.
 Utilize monitoring tools and metrics to track key
performance indicators, such as response times,
error rates, and resource utilization.
 Proactively identify and address any
performance issues or anomalies to maintain
optimal system functionality and user
experience.
 System Implementation
Recap
System development is a systematic process to
meet user needs and business objectives.
Implementation involves programming, testing,
deployment, and release management.
Emphasize clean, maintainable code and effective
testing methodologies.
Choose deployment strategies wisely for seamless
system rollout.
Systems Analysis and Design
Introduction
Project Initiation
Requirements Gathering
Process Modeling
Data Modeling
Modelling with UML
System Design
System Implementation
Project Management in Systems Development
Agile and Iterative Development