e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:07/July-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
IOT BASED SMART AGRICULTURE MONITORING SYSTEM
Enosh V*1, Mahanthesha GD*2, Shashank A*3, Venkatesh S*4,
Prof. Dr. Yuvaraju B N*5, Prof. Narender M*6
*1,2,3,4Students, Department Of Computer Science & Engineering, The National Institute Of
Engineering, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
*5Professor, Department Of Computer Science & Engineering, The National Institute Of
Engineering, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
*6Assistant-Professor, Department Of Computer Science & Engineering, The National Institute Of
Engineering, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
ABSTRACT
The improvement of plantation methods and the rise in productivity both contributed to the expansion of the
agriculture sector. Agriculture has the greatest potential for increasing productivity when using the Internet of
Things (IoT) technologies. Every year, the world's population rises. Therefore, the farming sector must employ
cutting-edge technologies like IoT for improved profit in order to feed this large population. Reduce water
waste and improved field monitoring are two benefits of smart farming based on IoT technologies. This paper
introduces an IoT based smart agriculture monitoring system. Farmers can use a smartphone application to
monitor and manage the irrigation system in this suggested system from any location. The mobile application
retrieves these values from the cloud and displays them to the user, allowing them to monitor the system using
this application. The IoT system communicates the sensor values to the cloud. The sensors provide the
moisture levels to the microcontroller on a constant basis. When the sensed values rise above the threshold
value, the Microcontroller turns on the irrigation system. The irrigation system is shut off when they drop
below the set threshold. The Gas sensor values are retrieved and the mobile application notifies the farmer if
smoke or gas is detected. Through networked temperature, humidity and other sensors that can communicate
with the farmers, this project provides improved irrigation and monitoring.
Keywords: Iot, Soil Moisture Sensor, DHT11 Sensor.MQ2 Gas Sensor, Hivemq, Water Pump.
I. INTRODUCTION
India's main industry and the foundation of its economic system is agriculture. In addition to producing food,
agriculture offers rural residents of underdeveloped and developing nations a significant number of work
opportunities. Over 58 percent of India's population relies mostly on agriculture for their livelihood. As a result
of rising water demands and decreased agricultural output in regions that require the greatest irrigation,
climate change will have a severe impact on agriculture. Groundwater irrigation, rain-fed agriculture, and
irrigation systems are some of the techniques used to grow healthier crops even when they may not use water
effectively. Another significant worry is fire in silo storage. Agricultural producers that have silos should take
precautions to reduce the possibility of silo fires and be ready to manage silo fires when they occur because the
ingredients necessary for a fire to begin are present in silos. A smart system is created to use water effectively
and detect fire in silo storage. The use of numerous technologies and gadgets, including the internet, the cloud,
and IoT devices, is referred to as smart farming. The device effectively flows water into fields without the need
for direct intervention from the farmer. The silo storage's gas sensors continuously scan the surrounding air for
smoke and gases like methane and carbon monoxide, alerting the farmer when they are found. This suggested
technique aids with silo fire detection and effective water use.
II. METHODOLOGY
System Architecture
Using soil moisture and a MQ2 Gas sensor, this work creates a Smart Agriculture system that automates
irrigation and detects fire in silo storage. This module will keep an eye on the soil moisture and gas sensor
values as well as take the appropriate action. The values are uploaded to the cloud and are viewable on an
Android app and website.

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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:07/July-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
The proposed system workflow
The workflow of the smart agriculture system is explained in this section. The flow chart schematic for the
suggested system is displayed.
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Turn on the power source.
Step 3: The soil moisture and temperature sensor values are read and analyzed.
Step 4: If the value is greater than the threshold value and the motor is OFF, then the motor is turned ON.
Step 5: If the value is less than the threshold value and the motor is ON, then the motor is turned OFF.
Step 6: The Gas sensor value is read and analyzed.
Step 7: If there is Smoke/Gas detected, then the farmer is alerted and the buzzer is turned ON.
Step 8: The sensor values are displayed on the LCD.
Step 9: The sensor values are sent to the cloud.
Step 10: Stop.

Figure 1: Flow chart of the proposed system.

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[424]
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:07/July-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
III. MODELING AND ANALYSIS
Figure 2 depicts the block diagram of the system that we have proposed.

Figure 2: Block Diagram.

The module consists of the following components.
Arduino board: It is based on the Microchip ATmega328p microprocessor developed by Arduino.cc. A number
of sets of digital and analogue input/output (I/O) pins are included on the board, allowing it to be interfaced
with other circuits and expansion boards. The Arduino IDE is used for writing the code and it is injected into the
board using a USB cable. It consists of 6 analog and 14 digital pins.
DHT11 Sensor: A straightforward, incredibly affordable digital temperature and humidity sensor is the DHT-
11. It provides a digital signal on the data pin and measures the humidity of the air using a capacitive and
thermistor humidity sensor.
MQ2 Gas Sensor: One of the MQ sensor series most widely used gas sensors is the MQ2. When gas comes into
touch with the detecting material, the resistance of the material changes, allowing the sensor to detect the
presence of gas. Concentrations of gas can be found using a straightforward voltage divider network. The
800mW MQ2 Gas Sensor consumes 5V DC power. It is capable of detecting carbon monoxide, methane,
propane, smoke, hydrogen, alcohol and LPG.
Buzzer: Buzzers are devices that generate electricity-based sound. They fall under the categories of Piezo
buzzer and magnetic buzzer, and are often driven by DC voltage. A piezo buzzer may be connected straight to
an Arduino and functions as a miniature speaker. The reverse piezoelectric action is the basis for the piezo
buzzer's sound production. The farmer can be warned with these buzzers.
Soil Moisture Sensor: The soil moisture level is measured by this sensor. These sensors measure the
volumetric water content indirectly using the electrical resistance, neutron interaction, dielectric constant, and
other soil laws as well as replacement of the moisture content.

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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:07/July-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
Battery: 4.5v battery is used to power the water pump.
LCD: A 16 column 2 row Liquid crystal display is used. There is a 16-pin interface on the LCD display. The
parallel interface of the liquid crystal display is present. This indicates that the microcontroller controls the LCD
display by simultaneously operating several pins.
Relay Switch: Relays are electrical switches that can be programmed, and an Arduino or any other micro-
controller can control them. It is used to automatically turn-on and off equipment that uses high voltage and/or
current.
Water Pump: It is a water motor pump with a 3-to-6-volt operating range. It features a single water intake
valve from which it draws water and a single water output valve from which it expels water. It is powered by a
4.5-volt battery.
NODEMCU – ESP8266: NodeMCU is a development board and open-source Lua-based firmware that is
specifically designed for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It has hardware based on the ESP-12 module and
firmware that runs on Espressif Systems' ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC. It is used to establish connections with the
HiveMQ cloud.
HiveMQ Cloud: HiveMQ is a MQTT broker and messaging platform for transferring data quickly, effectively,
and reliably to and from linked enterprise systems and IoT devices.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The main aim of this work is to use water efficiently and to help farmers to detect fire in Silo storage. The water
pump is automatically turned ON/OFF by the Arduino board through a relay switch, based on the soil moisture
sensor value. The MQ2 gas sensor continuously senses the environment and if there is a smoke/ gas detected
then it informs the farmer via android application. The android application and hardware module are linked
through HiveMQ cloud.

Figure 3: Hardware module.

The communication model used is the publish-subscribe model. The NodeMCU publishes the sensor values to
the HiveMQ cloud on the named topic “sensors” and the results can be seen on the HiveMQ browser client
shown below.

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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:07/July-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com

Figure 4: HiveMQ Browser client.

The android application receives the sensor values by subscribing to named topic ‘sensors’ and alerts the
farmer when smoke/gas is detected. The android application is shown below.

Figure 5: Android Application.

Advantages
1. Reduced Operating Costs.
2. Remote monitoring.
3. Silo storage fire detection.
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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:07/July-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
4. Efficient use of water.
Disadvantages
1. A power source is always necessary because when the power supply is switched OFF, the entire system also
goes dark.
2. Access to WIFI is required to connect to the cloud.
V. CONCLUSION
The proposed plan will address the major problems that Farmers are facing and work to address them with
cutting-edge tools and concepts. The strength of this study is that it offers remote field monitoring in addition
to aiding in effective water use and fire detection in storage silos. With the use of this suggested paradigm, the
problems experienced by the Farmers can now be resolved.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank our principal Prof. Dr. Rohini Nagapadma, for letting us be a part of this prestigious
institution and letting us explore our abilities to the fullest. We would also like to extend our sincere gratitude
to Prof. Dr. C Vidya Raj, our H.O.D for being a source of inspiration and instilling an enthusiastic spirit in us
throughout the process of the project. We are gratified to our guides Prof. Dr. Yuvaraju B N and Prof. Mr.
Narender M for their constant guidance, valuable knowledge and experience.
VI. REFERENCES
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[4] P. Kanupuru and N. V. Uma Reddy, "Survey on IoT and its Applications in Agriculture," 2018
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