INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE

LEARNING WITH PYTHON

PROGRAMMING
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CONTENT
01 Overview

02 What is Machine Learning?

03 Human Vs Machine

04 Applications of Machine Learning

05 Environment Setup

06 Basics of Python Programming

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WHAT IS MACHINE LEARNING ?

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Human can learn from past experience
and make decision of its own.

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What is this object?

Ans :
It is a car

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LET US ASK THE SAME QUESTION TO HIM
But, he is a human being.
He can observe and learn!

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Let us make him learn.

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Let us make him learn.

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Let us ask the same question now

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Let us ask the same question now

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What about a Machine ?

Machines follow instructions

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We want a machine to act like a human

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 Algorithm

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HUMAN VS MACHINE

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 MACHINE LEARNING
Refers to a computer or a Means improving at a task
system that can process by gaining experience.
data and perform tasks.

"Machine Learning" is about teaching a computer to learn from data.

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How does Machine Learning works?

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My first machine learning model

Teach a machine to identify

vehicle types

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Are all features useful?

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Let us consider single feature

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 Given the #Wheel
Identify the vehicle

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Let us estimate

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Let us estimate the probability
(type|#wheel)

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Ask the question now

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More Features

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Machine Learning Workflow

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MOST USEFUL LANGUAGE
FOR MACHNE LEARNING :
PYTHON

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Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its
readability, simplicity, and versatility.

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 Common Uses of Python

Web Development: Frameworks like Django and Flask make it easy to build
robust web applications.
Data Analysis and Visualization: Libraries like pandas, NumPy, and
Matplotlib are widely used for data manipulation and visualization.
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence: Libraries such as TensorFlow,
Keras, and scikit-learn are popular for developing machine learning models.
Automation and Scripting: Python is often used to write scripts for
automating repetitive tasks.
Scientific Computing: Tools like SciPy and SymPy are used for scientific
research and numerical computations.
Game Development: Libraries like Pygame allow for the creation of simple
games and multimedia applications.

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Writing your first Python Program

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 Comments in Python

Comments in Python are the lines in the code

that are ignored by the interpreter during the
execution of the program.

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 Python Variable
Python Variable is containers that store values.

Rules for Python variables

A Python variable name must start with a letter or the underscore
character.
A Python variable name cannot start with a number.
A Python variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and
underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ ).
Variable in Python names are case-sensitive (name, Name, and NAME
are three different variables).
The reserved words(keywords) in Python cannot be used to name the
variable in Python.

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VALID AND INVALID VARIABLES NAME
Var1
_var1
my_variable
_myvariable
myVariable
123hello
var!name
my#variable
class
for
return
VAR12

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 Python Data Types
Data types are the classification or categorization of data items. It represents
the kind of value that tells what operations can be performed on a particular
data.

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1. Numeric Data Types in Python
The numeric data type in Python represents the data that has a
numeric value.

Integers – This value is represented by int class. It contains positive or

negative whole numbers (without fractions or decimals).

Float – This value is represented by the float class. It is a real number

with a floating-point representation. It is specified by a decimal point.

Complex Numbers – A complex number is represented by a complex

class. It is specified as (real part) + (imaginary part)j. For example – 2+3j

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 Note –
type() function is used to determine the type of Python data type.

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2. Sequence Data Types in Python

The sequence Data Type in Python is the ordered collection of similar or

different Python data types

Python String
Python List
Python Tuple

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 String Data Type
A string is a collection of one or more characters put in
a single quote, double-quote, or triple-quote.

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OUTPUT

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Accessing characters in Python String

-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

S K I L L I F Y M E
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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 String Slicing

The String Slicing method is used to access a range of characters in the String.

Slicing in a String is done by using a Slicing operator, i.e., a colon (:).

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Python String Reversed

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Deleting/Updating from a String

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Escape Sequencing in Python

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STRING FORMATTING

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Case Changing of Python String Methods

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INPUT OUTPUT IN PYTHON

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 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. WRITE A PYTHON PROGRAM TO PRINT YOUR NAME ,ROLL NO.
,BRANCH WITH COMMENTS.
2. YOU ARE DEPOSITING YOUR CASH IN A BANK . THE BANK WANTS TO
TAKE USER INPUT OF AMOUNT ONLY IN INTEGER VALUE .WRITE A
PROGRAM TO PRINT THIS .
3. DELETE THE CHARACTER 'E' FROM THE STRING S = "HELLO" USING
SLICING AND CONCATENATION.
4. RAM PRINTS A STRING OUTPUTS MACINE LEARNING . THE SPELLING
IS WRONG .HE WANTS TO UPDATE THIS WITH MACHINE LEARNING
.WRITE A PROGRAM TO UPDATE THIS .
5. APPLY ALL STRING FORMATTING OPERATORS TO STRING “I WANT TO
LEARN MACHINE LEARNING”
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List of String Methods in Python

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 LIST
Lists are used to store multiple items in a single variable.
Lists are created using square brackets.

List items are ordered, changeable, and allow duplicate values.

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Access Items

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Note: The search will start at index 2 (included) and end at index 5 (not included).

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Check if Item Exists

Change Item Value

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Change a Range of Item Values

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Insert Items

Append Items

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Remove Specified Item

Remove Specified Index

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 Clear the List

Sort List Alphanumerically

Sort the list numerically

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 Sort Descending

To sort descending, use the keyword argument reverse = True

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Copy a List

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 Join Two Lists

Using the + operator

Append list2 into list1

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 List Methods

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 Tuples
Tuples are used to store multiple items in a single variable.
Tuple items are ordered, unchangeable, and allow duplicate values.
Tuples are written with round brackets.

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Create Tuple With One Item

Access Tuple Items

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Check if Item Exists

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 Python - Update Tuples

Tuples are unchangeable, meaning that you cannot change, add, or remove items
once the tuple is created.

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Add Items

Add tuple to a tuple

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 Remove Items

The del keyword can delete the tuple completely:

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Join Two Tuples

Multiply Tuples

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 Python Boolean
Represents one of the two values i.e. True or False

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Boolean value from the expression

Integers and Floats as Booleans

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Boolean Operators
Common boolean operations are –
or
and
not
== (equivalent)
!= (not equivalent)
Boolean OR Operator

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PYTHON SET
Python Set is an unordered collection of data types that is iterable,
mutable, and has no duplicate elements.

Creating a Set in Python

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 Python dictionary

A Python dictionary is a data structure that stores the value in key:value pairs.

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Nested Dictionaries

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Python Operators

Arithmetic operators
Assignment operators
Comparison operators
Logical operators
Identity operators
Membership operators
Bitwise operators

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Python Arithmetic Operators

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Python Assignment Operators

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Python Comparison Operators

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Python Identity Operators

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 Python If
It is used to decide whether a certain statement or block of
statements will be executed or not.

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Python Nested If Statement

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Check if a number is positive, negative, or zero.
Determine if a number is even or odd.
Check which of two numbers is greater.
Grade calculation based on marks.
Check if a number is divisible by both 5 and 7.
Determine and display the oldest person among four people.

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 Python For Loops
A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a
tuple, a dictionary, a set, or a string).

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Python For Loop with String

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Python for loop with Range

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Python for loop Enumerate

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Nested For Loops in Python

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Python For Loop Over List

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 Python For Loop with Zip()

To iterate over two lists in parallel.

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 Continue in Python For Loop
Python continue Statement returns the control to
the beginning of the loop.

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 Break in Python For Loop
Python break statement brings control out of the loop.

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 For Loop in Python with Pass Statement

The pass statement to write empty loops. Pass is also

used for empty control statements, functions, and
classes.

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For Loops in Python with Else Statement

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PRACTICE QUESTION 1

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PRACTICE QUESTION 2

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 While Loop in Python
In Python, a while loop is used to execute a block of statements
repeatedly until a given condition is satisfied. When the condition
becomes false, the line immediately after the loop in the program is
executed.

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 Python Continue Statement
returns the control to the beginning of the loop.

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Python Break Statement brings control out of the loop.

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The Python pass statement to write empty
loops. Pass is also used for empty control
statements, functions, and classes.

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 While loop with else
Note : The else block just after for/while is executed only
when the loop is NOT terminated by a break statement.

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 Python while loop with user input

It first asks the user to input a number. if the user enters -1 then the loop will
not execute, i.e.
The user enters 6 and the body of the loop executes and again asks for
input
Here user can input many times until he enters -1 to stop the loop
User can decide how many times he wants to enter input

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Python while loop with Python list

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Simple while-loop exercise code to build countdown clock

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 Python Functions
Python Functions is a block of statements that return the specific task

NOTE: The idea is to put some commonly or repeatedly done tasks

together and make a function so that instead of writing the same
code again and again for different inputs, we can do the function
calls to reuse code contained in it over and over again.

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Calling a Function in Python

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 Arguments

Information can be passed into functions as arguments.

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Types of Function Arguments

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 Default Arguments

A default argument is a parameter that assumes a

default value if a value is not provided in the function
call for that argument.

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 Positional Arguments

We used the Position argument during the function call

so that the first argument (or value) is assigned to name
and the second argument (or value) is assigned to age. By
changing the position, or if you forget the order of the
positions, the values can be used in the wrong places, as
shown in the Case-2 example below, where 27 is assigned
to the name and Suraj is assigned to the age.

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 Keyword Arguments
The idea is to allow the caller to specify the argument name
with values so that the caller does not need to remember
the order of parameters.

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 Arbitrary Keyword Arguments

In Python Arbitrary Keyword Arguments, *args,

and **kwargs can pass a variable number of
arguments to a function using special symbols.
There are two special symbols:

1. *args in Python (Non-Keyword Arguments)

2. **kwargs in Python (Keyword Arguments)

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 Python Variable Scope

A variable scope specifies the region

where we can access a variable.

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 Python Local Variables
When we declare variables inside a function, these variables will
have a local scope (within the function). We cannot access them
outside the function.

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 Python Global Variables

In Python, a variable declared outside of the function

or in global scope is known as a global variable. This
means that a global variable can be accessed inside or
outside of the function.

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 Python Nonlocal Variables

In Python, nonlocal variables are used in nested functions

whose local scope is not defined. This means that the
variable can be neither in the local nor the global scope.

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 Python Recursion

Recursion is the process of defining

something in terms of itself.
In Python, we know that a function can call other functions. It
is even possible for the function to call itself. These types of
construct are termed as recursive functions.

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Python Program to Find Sum of Natural
Numbers Using Recursion

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 Python Lambda

A lambda function can take any number of arguments, but

can only have one expression.

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 Python Arrays

An array is a collection of items stored at contiguous memory

locations. The idea is to store multiple items of the same type
together.

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 Create an Array in Python

Array in Python can be created by importing an array module.

array(data_type, value_list) is used to create array in Python with
data type and value list specified in its arguments.

Python create array : one of integers and one of doubles.

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 Adding Elements to a Array

Elements can be added to the Python Array by using

built-in insert() function.

Accessing Elements from the Array

In order to access the array items refer to the index
number. Use the index operator [ ] to access an item in
a array in Python. The index must be an integer.

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Removing Elements from the Array
Elements can be removed from the Python array by using
built-in remove() function

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 Slicing of an Array

Slice operation is performed on array with the use of colon(:).

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 Searching Element in an Array
In order to search an element in the array we use a
python in-built index() method. This function returns
the index of the first occurrence of value mentioned in
arguments.

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 Updating Elements in a Array
In order to update an element in the
array we simply reassign a new value to
the desired index we want to update.

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 Different Operations
on Python Arrays
1. Counting Elements in a Array
In order to count elements in an array we need to use count method.

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 2. Reversing Elements in a Array
In order to reverse elements of an array we need to simply use reverse method.

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THANK YOU