INDUS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY& ENGINEERING

Constituent Institute of Indus University

Subject: Operating System

Program: CE/CSE/IT Subject Code:CE0418 Semester: IV
Teaching Scheme (Hours per week) Examination Evaluation Scheme (Marks)
Continuous Continuous
University University Internal Internal
Lecture Tutorial Practical Credits Theory Practical Evaluation Evaluation Total
Examination Examination (CIE)- (CIE)-
Theory Practical
3 0 2 4 40 40 60 60 200

Course Objectives:

1. To understand the services provided by and the design of an operating system.

2. To understand the structure and organization of the file system.
3. To understand what a process is and how processes are synchronized and scheduled.
4. To understand different approaches to memory management.
5. Students should be able to use system calls for managing processes, memory and the
file system.
6. Students should understand the data structures and algorithms used to implement an
Operating System.
CONTENTS

UNIT-I
[12 hours]

Introduction to Operating System

Architecture of OS (Ex. Monolithic, Microkernel, Layered , Exo kernel), Operating system objectives and
functions, Virtual Computers, Interaction of O. S. & hardware architecture, Evolution of operating
systems, Batch, multiprogramming. Multitasking, Multiuser, parallel, distributed & real –time O.S.,
System calls, O. S. Shell, Linux Shell commands, Shell programming. Examples of O. S.: Linux, MS-
Windows, Handheld OS.

Process Management

Process, Process description, Process states, Process control, Threads, Processes and Threads,
Uniprocessor Scheduling: Types of scheduling, Scheduling algorithms: FCFS, SJF, Priority, Round
Robin, UNIX Multi-level feedback queue scheduling, Thread Scheduling, Multiprocessor Scheduling
concept, Real Time Scheduling concept
 UNIT-II

[12 hours]
Concurrency

Principles of Concurrency, Critical Section problem, Mutual Exclusion H/W Support, software
approaches, Semaphores and Mutex, Message Passing, Monitors, Classical Problems of Synchronization:
Readers-Writers Problem, Producer Consumer Problem, Dining Philosopher problem

Deadlock:

System model, Deadlock characterization, Methods for handling deadlocks, Deadlock prevention,
Deadlock avoidance, Deadlock detection, Recovery from deadlock.

UNIT-III
[12 hours]

Memory Management

Memory Management requirements, Memory partitioning: Fixed ,dynamic, partitioning, Contiguous

memory allocation, Buddy System Memory allocation Strategies (First Fit, Best Fit, Worst Fit, Next
Fit), Fragmentation, Swapping, Segmentation , Paging, Virtual Memory, Demand paging, Page
Replacement Policies (FIFO, LRU, Optimal, clock) ,Thrashing.

I/O Management and Disk Scheduling

I/O Devices, Organization of I/O functions, Operating System Design issues, I/O Buffering, Disk
Scheduling (FCFS, SCAN, C-SCAN, SSTF), Disk Caches.

UNIT-IV
[12 hours]

File Management

Overview, File Organization and access, File Directories, File Sharing, Security issues, Record
Blocking, Secondary Storage Management.

Computer security & protection:

Security Threats, Attacks and assets, Intruders, Malicious software, Protection: Protection Policy and
mechanisms, Authentications: Internal Access Authorizations, Implementations.
Course Outcomes:

At the end of this subject, students should be able to:

CO 1: Describe the general architecture of computers. [BT-2]

CO 2: Describe, contrast and compare differing structures for operating systems. [BT-4]
CO3: Understand and analyze theory and implementation of processes, resource control
(concurrency etc.), physical and virtual memory, scheduling, I/O and files. [BT-2,4]
CO 4: Run Linux commands. [BT-6]
CO 5: Understand background control command. [BT-2]
CO 6: Understand process scheduling in program. [BT-3]

Text Books:

1. Silberschatz, Galvin, and Gagne, “Operating System Concepts”, By, Wiley India Pvt Ltd.
2. William Stallings, “Operating Systems Internals and Design Principles”, By, Pearson
Education.

Reference Books:

1. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Modern Operating Systems”, By, Pearson Education.

2. Gary Nutt, “Operating Systems”, By, Pearson Education.
3. Harvey M. Deital, “Operating Systems”, By, Pearson Education.
4. Das Sumitabha," Unix Concepts and Applications", Tata McGraw Hill.

Web Resources:

1. https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operating-system-OS
2. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/operating_system/os_overview.htm
3. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-of-operating-system-set-1/

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Experi Basic Commands of Unix commands Learning

ment. Outcomes
No.
Explain UNIX Architecture. Knowledge of Unix
1.1 basics
What are the features of UNIX?
1.2 $who $who am i $mkdir $cd $rmdir $touch $cat $cp $rm Knowledge of basic
Commands
$pwd $mv $ls $lc $lf $chmod $expr $factor $units

$bc $logname $id $uname $tty

1.3 $date $cmchk $dfspace $df $du $ulimit $passwd Knowledge of basic
Commands
$banner $cal $file $wc $sort $grep $cut

$dd $head $pg $lp $more $lpstat $cancel lp

1.4 $compress $man $uncompress $ps $nohup Knowledge of basic

Commands
$kill $time $nice $at $mail $batch

Loops and Conditional statements in Shell programming Knowledge of Loops

2. and Conditional
statements

Write a shell script to input two no’s from the user and perform Knowledge of
2.1 addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Loops and
Conditional
statements

2.2 The distance between two cities (in km.) is input through the Knowledge of
keyboard. Write a shell script to convert and print distance in Loops and
meters, feet, inches and centimetres. Conditional
statements

2.3. Any integer is input through the keyboard. Write a shell script Knowledge of
to find out whether it is an odd number or even number. Loops and
Conditional
statements

2.4 Write a shell script which receives any year form the keyboard Knowledge of
and determines whether the year is a leap year or not. If no Loops and
argument is supplied the current year should be assumed. Conditional
statements

2.5 Write a shell script to find the factorial of any no entered through Knowledge of
keyboard. Loops and
Conditional
statements

3. Loops and Conditional statements in Shell programming

 Write a shell script which will accept a number band display Knowledge of
3.1 first n prime numbers as output. Loops and
Conditional
statements

3.2 Write a shell script which will generate first nFibonacci Knowledge of
numbers like: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 13,... Loops and
Conditional
statements

3.3 Write a shell script to read n numbers as command arguments Knowledge of

and sort them in descending order. Loops and
Conditional
statements

3.4 Write a shell script to display all executable files, directories Knowledge of
and zero sized files. Loops and
Conditional
statements

3.5 Write a shell script to fetch data from a file and display data Knowledge of
into another file in reverse order. Loops and
Conditional
statements

3.6 Display calendar of current month Display today’s date and Knowledge of
time Display usernames those are currently logged in the Loops and
system Display your name at given x, y position. Conditional
statements

3.7 Write a shell script to print the series 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ……., N. Knowledge of

Loops and
Write a program to print all prime no’s from 1 to 300. (Hint – Conditional
Use Nested statements
Loops, break and continue)

Write a shell script which deletes all lines

containing the word unix in the files as arguments to this shell

script.

4 ARRAY in Shell programming

 Given the number N which represents the number of rows and Knowledge of Array
4.1 columns, print the different following patterns. in Shell
programming

4.2 1 Knowledge of Array

in Shell
12 programming
123

1234

1234 5

4.3 # Knowledge of Array

in Shell
### programming
#####

#######

#########

###########

#############

4.4 1 Knowledge of Array

in Shell
22 programming
333

4444

55555

5. String in Shell programming

Write a menu driven shell script to perform the following Knowledge of String
string operations. in Shell
5.1 programming
Compare Two Strings Join Two Strings Find The Length of a
Given String Occurrence of Character and Words Reverse the
string.
5.2 Write a shell script to validate the entered date. (eg. Date Knowledge of String
format is : dd-mm-yyyy) Write an awk program using in Shell
function, which convert each word in a given text into programming
capital.Write a program for process creation using C. (Use of
gcc compiler).

5.3 Write a shell script to check entered string is palindrome or Knowledge of String
not.. Shell programming using filters (including grep, egrep, in Shell
fgrep)Study of Unix Shell and Environment Variables. programming

6. File in Shell programming

Write a shell script which receives two file names as Knowledge of File in
6.1 arguments. It should check whether the two file’s contents are Shell programming
same or not. If same then the second file should be deleted