CAMBRIDGE A LEVEL PHYSICS - PAPER 4 HOMEWORK

20. MAGNETIC FIELDS

Name:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Date of birth:.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Class:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

School:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Due date:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

GRADE TABLE

Question: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Points: 12 8 9 10 7 9 9 9 7 9 6 8 13
Score:

Question: 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Total
Points: 9 9 4 10 10 9 3 6 7 8 8 11 210
Score:
 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework
12
1. 12 p
6 (a) Define the tesla. For
(a) Define the tesla. Examiner’s [3]
.......................................................................................................................................... Use

unit of magnetic flux density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[B1]

..........................................................................................................................................
field normal to (straight) conductor carrying current of 1 A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M1]
..........................................................................................................................................
force per unit length is 1 N m−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]
..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) A charged particle particle

(b) A charged of massofmmass
andmcharge +q is+q
and charge traveling withwith
is travelling velocity
velocityv vinin aa vacuum.
vacuum. ItIt enters
enters a region of uniform magnetic field of flux density B as
a region of uniform magnetic field of flux density B as shown in Fig. 1.1.shown in Fig. 6.1.

particle
mass m, charge +q

uniform magnetic field

flux density B

Fig. 1.1

Fig. 6.1
The magnetic field is normal to the direction of motion of the particle. The path of the particle
in the field is the arc of a circle of radius r.
The magnetic field is normal to the direction of motion of the particle. The path of the
particle in the field is the arc of a circle of radius r.
i. Explain why the path of the particle in the field is the arc of a circle. [2]
(i) Explain why the path of the particle in the field is the arc of a circle.
force on particle always normal to direction of motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M1]
..................................................................................................................................
(and speed of particle is constant)

magnetic ..................................................................................................................................
force provides the centripetal force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]
..................................................................................................................................
mv
ii. Show that the radius r is given by: r= [1]
qB
............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) =Show
mv 2 /r Bqv that
. . . .the
. . .radius
. . . . . .r. is
. . given
. . . . . .by. .the
. . . .expression
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M1]
mv
r = mv/qB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .r . =. . .Bq
. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A0]

(c) A uniform magnetic field is produced in the region PQRS, as shown in Fig. 1.2. The magnetic
field is normal to the page.
At point X, a gamma-ray photon interaction causes two particles to be formed. The paths of
these particles are shown in Fig. 1.2.
[1]
i. Suggest, with a reason, why each of the paths is a spiral, rather than the arc of a circle. [2]

the momentum/speed is becoming less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M1]

© UCLES 2011 9702/43/O/N/11

Page 1 of 29 [Turn over

 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

so the radius is becoming smaller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

ii. State and explain what can be deduced from the paths about

1. the charges on the two particles, [2]

spirals are in opposite directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M1]

so oppositely charged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

2. the initial speeds of the two particles. [2]

equal initial radii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M1]

13
so equal (initial) speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]
(c) A uniform magnetic field is produced in the region PQRS, as shown in Fig. 6.2. For
Examiner’s
Use
P Q

uniform
magnetic field

S R

Fig. 1.2
Fig. 6.2

The magnetic field is normal to the page.

At point X, a gamma-ray photon interaction causes two particles to be formed. The paths
of these particles are shown in Fig. 6.2.

(i) Suggest, with a reason, why each of the paths is a spiral, rather than the arc of a
circle.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) State and explain what can be deduced from the paths about

1. the charges on the two particles,

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

Page 2 of 29............................................................................................................................. [2] [Turn over

 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

2. A charged particle of mass m and charge −q is travelling through a vacuum at constant speed v. 8p
It enters a uniform magnetic field of flux density B. The initial angle between the direction of
motion of the particle and the direction of the magnetic field is 90◦ .

(a) Explain why the path of the particle in the magnetic field is the arc of a circle. [3]

force due to magnetic field is constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

force is (always) normal to direction of motion; this force provides the centripetal force . .[A1]

(b) The radius of the arc in (a) is r. [1]

q q v
Show that the ratio for the particle is given by the expression: =
m m Br
mv 2 /r = Bqv 13
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M1]

hence q/m = v/Br . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A0]

he path of the negatively-charged particle before it enters the magnetic field is For
hown in Fig. 6.1. Examiner’s
Use
(c) The initial speed v of the particle is 2.0×107 m s−1 . The magnetic flux density B is 2.5×10−3 T.
The radius r of the arc in the magnetic field is 4.5 cm.

magnetic field
into plane
of paper
q
i. Use these data to calculate the ratio . [2]
m
q 2.0 × 107
= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[C1]
path of m 2.5 × 10−3 × 4.5 × 10−2
particle

= 1.8 × 1011 C kg−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

Fig. 2.1

ii. The path of the negatively-charged particle before it enters the magnetic field is shown in [2]
Fig. 6.1
Fig. 2.1. The direction of the magnetic field is into the plane of the paper. On Fig. 2.1,
he direction of the magnetic
sketchfield
theispath
into the
of plane of the paper.
the particle in the magnetic field and as it emerges from the field.
n Fig. 6.1, sketch the path of the
sketch: particle
curved in the
path, magneticradius,
constant field and
in as it emerges
direction towards bottom of page . . . . . . . . . . [M1]
om the field. [2]
tangent to curved path on entering and on leaving the field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

Page 3 of 29 [Turn over

 Cambridge A Level
14 Physics - Paper 4 Homework

6 (a) State the type of field, or fields, that may cause a force to be exerted on a particle that is
3. (a) State the type of field, or fields, that may cause a force to be exerted on a particle that is 9p
(i) uncharged and moving,
i. uncharged and moving, [1]
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
gravitational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
(ii) charged and stationary,
ii. charged and stationary, [1]
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
gravitational and electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
(iii) charged and moving at right-angles to the field.
iii. charged and moving at right-angles to the field.
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[2]

(b) A particle magnetic

X has massand
3.32one
× 10other fieldcharge
−26 kg and given +1.60
. . . . .×. 10
. . −19
. . . C.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

magnetic,
The particle gravitaional
is travelling in a vacuumand
with electric . . .×. 10
speed 7.60 . . .4 .m. .s−1
. ...It. .enters
. . . . . .a. .region
. . . . . .of. .uniform
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
magnetic field that is normal to the direction of travel of the particle. The particle travels in a
semicircle of diameter
(b) A particle X has 12.2 cm, 3.32
mass as shown in Fig.
× 10−26 kg 6.1.
and charge +1.60 × 10−19 C.
The particle is traveling in
a vacuum with speed 7.60 ×
region of 104 m s−1 .
uniform
magnetic It enters a region of uniform
field magnetic field that is normal
to the direction of travel of the
particle.
The particle travels in a
path of semicircle of diameter 12.2 cm,
particle X 12.2 cm as shown in Fig. 3.1.
Fig. 3.1 For the magnetic field,
i. state its direction, [1]
Fig. 6.1
out of (plane of) paper/page (not "upwards") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
For the uniform magnetic field,

(i) ii. calculate

state the magnetic flux density.
its direction, [3]

B = mv/qr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[C1]
...........................................................................................................................................
−26 4 −19 −2
= (3.32 × 10 × 7.6 × 10 )/(1.6 × 10 × 6.1 × 10 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1]
...................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

= 0.26 T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

(c) A second particle Y has mass less than that of particle X in (b) and the same charge. It enters [1]
the region of uniform magnetic field in (b) with the same speed and along the same initial path
as particle X.
On Fig. 3.1, draw the path of particle Y in the region of the magnetic field.

sketch: semicircle with diameter < 12.2 cm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

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Page 4 of 29 [Turn over

 ................................................................................................................................
Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework
(ii) a uniform magnetic field of flux density B.
4. (a) A particle has mass m, charge +q and speed v. State the magnitude and direction of the force,
if any, on the particle when ................................................................................................................................
the particle is traveling along the direction of 10 p
i. a uniform gravitational ................................................................................................................................
field of field strength g, [2]

force = mg . .(b)
. . . . .Two
. . . .charged
. . . . . . . . horizontal
. . . . . . . . . .metal
. . . . . .plates,
. . . . . . .situated
. . . . . . . .in. . a. .vacuum,
. . . . . . . . .produce
. . . . . . . .a. [M1]
uniform electric
field strength E between the plates. The field strength outside the region between the p
along the directionzero.
of the field/of the motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

ii. a uniform magneticThe particle

field of fluxindensity
(a) enters
B. the region of the electric field at right-angles to the[1]
direction
field, as illustrated in Fig. 6.1.
no force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

(b) Two charged horizontal metal

plates, situated in a vacuum,
produce a uniform electric field particle,
of field strength E between the charge +q
plates. The field strength outside mass m
the region between the plates is v
zero.
E
The particle in (a) enters the
region of the electric field at
right-angles to the direction of the
Fig. 4.1
field, as illustrated in Fig. 4.1.
Fig.as
A uniform magnetic field is to be applied in the same region 6.1the electric field so that the
particle passes undeviated through the region between the plates.
A uniform magnetic field is to be applied in the same region as the electric field so t
particle
i. State and explain the passes
direction ofundeviated through
the magnetic field.the region between the plates. [2]

force due to E-field(i)downwards

State andso
explain
force the
duedirection of the
to B-field magnetic
upwards . . . .field.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

(direction of the magnetic field is) into the plane of the paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[B1]
................................................................................................................................

ii. Derive, with explanation,................................................................................................................................

the relation between the speed v and the magnitudes of the [3]
electric field strength E and the magnetic flux density B.

force due to magnetic field = Bqv . . . . . . (use of FB not explained, allow 1/2 ) . . . . . . [B1]

force due to electric field = Eq . . . . . . . . (use of FE not explained, allow 1/2 ) . . . . . . . . [B1]

forces are equal (and opposite) so Bv = E or Eq = Bqv so E = Bv . . . . . [B1]

(c) A second particle has2015

© UCLES the same mass m and charge +q as9702/42/O/N/15
that in (b) but its speed is 2v. This [2]
particle enters the region between the plates along the same direction as the particle in (b).
On Fig. 4.1, sketch the path of this particle in the region between the plates.

sketch: smooth curved path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M1]

in ’upward’ direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

Page 5 of 29 [Turn over

 18

9 Cambridge
A magnetic field A BLevel
of flux density Physics
is normal to face-PQRS
Paper
of 4 Homework
a slice of a conducting material, as
shown in Fig. 9.1.
5. A magnetic field of flux density B is normal to face PQRS of a slice of a conducting material, as
shown in Fig. 5.1. 7p
magnetic field
flux density B
S
R

Z FXUUHQWI
P Q

X Y

Fig. 5.1
Fig. 9.1

A current I in the
A current I in slice is normal
the slice totoface
is normal faceQRZY
QRZY ofofthe
theslice.
slice.
BI
A Hall The
voltage VH across
Hall voltage the slice
VH across is given
the slice by the
is given expression
by the expressionVH = .
ntq
(a) i. State what is represented by the symbolBI [1]
VH = n..
ntq
number density of charge carriers/free electrons
(a) (i) State what is represented by the symbol n.
or number per unit volume of charge carriers/free electrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
...........................................................................................................................................
ii. The symbol t represents the length of one side of the slice. Use letters from Fig. 5.1 to [1]
identify......................................................................................................................................
t. [1]

(ii) The symbol t represents the length of one side of the slice. Use letters from Fig. 9.1 to
PX or QY or RZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
identify t.

(b) ......................................................................................................................................
i. In general, the Hall voltage produced in a slice of a metal is very small. [1] [2]
(b)For
(i) a In
slice of thethesame
general, dimensions
Hall voltage with
produced in the same
a slice of a current andsmall.
metal is very magnetic flux density, the
For a slice
Hall voltage of the same
produced in a dimensions with the
semiconductor same current
material is muchandlarger.
magnetic flux density, the
Hall voltage produced in a semiconductor material is much larger.
Suggest and explain
Suggest why.why.
and explain

VH is inversely proportional to n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

...........................................................................................................................................

for semiconductors, n is (much) smaller than for metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]
ii. In some semiconducting materials, electrons are mainly responsible for conduction. [3]
In other semiconducting materials, holes are mainly responsible for conduction.
Suggest and explain the difference, if any, that conduction by electrons or by holes will
have on the Hall voltage.

magnetic field would deflect holes and electrons in same direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

(because) electrons are (−)ve, holes are (+)ve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M1]

so VH has opposite polarity/opposite

© UCLES 2016 sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]
9702/42/M/J/16

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 7 (a) Explain what is meant by a field of force.
Cambridge............................................................................................................................................
A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

6. ............................................................................................................................................
9p
(a) Explain what is meant(b)byState theoftype
a field of field, or fields, that will give rise to a force acting on
force. [1]

(i) a is
region (of space) where a force moving uncharged
experienced by particle,
a particle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

....................................................................................................................................
(b) State the type of field, or fields, that will give rise to a force acting on
(ii) a stationary charged particle,
i. a moving uncharged particle, [1]
....................................................................................................................................
gravitational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
(iii) a charged particle moving at an angle to the field or fields.
ii. a stationary charged particle, [1]
....................................................................................................................................
gravitational and electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
....................................................................................................................................

iii. a charged particle(c) An electron,

moving mass m
at an angle to and
the charge
field or−q, is moving at speed v in a vacuum. It enters
fields. [1] a regio
uniform magnetic field of flux density B, as shown in Fig. 7.1.
gravitational, electric and magnetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

(c) An electron, mass m and charge −q, uniform

is moving at speed v in a vacuum. It path of electron magnetic field
enters a region of uniform magnetic mass m, flux density B
charge –q
field of flux density B, as shown in
Fig. 6.1.

Initially, the electron is moving at

right-angles to the direction of the
Fig. 6.1
magnetic field.
Fig. 7.1

i. Explain why the pathInitially,

of the the electron
electron in isthe
moving at right-angles
magnetic to the
field is the arcdirection of the magnetic field.
of a circle. [3]

force (always) normal (i) Explain why

to direction of the path of. .the
motion . . .electron
. . . . . . . .in. .the
. . . magnetic
. . . . . . . . .field
. . . .is. .the
. . . .arc of a circle.
. . [M1]

....................................................................................................................................
(magnitude of) force constant
or speed is constant/kinetic energy is constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M1]
....................................................................................................................................
magnetic force provides/is the centripetal force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]
....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................
ii. Derive an expression, in terms of the radius r of the path, for the linear momentum of the [2]
electron. Show your working.
....................................................................................................................................
2
mv /r = Bqv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

momentum/p/mv = Bqr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

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Page 7 of 29 [Turn over

 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework
16
7.
8 (a) State what is meant by a magnetic field. 9p
(a) Explain what is meant by a magnetic field. [2]
...................................................................................................................................................
region (of space) where there is a force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M1]
...................................................................................................................................................
produced by/on a magnet/magnetic pole/moving charge/current-carrying conductor . . . . [A1]
...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) AA particle
(b) particle of
of charge
charge +q
+q and
and mass
massmmisistraveling
travellinginina avacuum
vacuumwith
withspeed
speedv.v.The
Theparticle
particle enters,
enters,
at at aangle,
a right right angle, a uniform
a uniform magnetic
magnetic field field of flux
of flux density B,B,
density asas shownininFig.
shown Fig. 8.1.
7.1.

uniform magnetic field

flux density B

d
particle charge +q
mass m speed v

Fig. 7.1

Fig. 8.1 a semi-circular path of diameter d.

The particle leaves the field after following
The particle
i. State theleaves the field
direction aftermagnetic
of the a semi-circular path of diameter d.
followingfield. [1]

(i) out
State
of the
(thedirection of the
plane of) themagnetic field.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
paper/page

.......................................................................................................................................[1]
ii. Explain why the speed of the particle is not affected by the magnetic field. [2]
(ii) he
Explain
force why
on the
the speed of the
particle particle is perpendicular
is (always) not affected by the magnetic
to the field.
velocity/perpendicular to the
direction of travel/towards the centre of path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
...........................................................................................................................................
no work is done by the force on the particle/there is no acceleration in the direction of the
...........................................................................................................................................
velocity/the acceleration is (always) perpendicular to the velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
2mv
iii. Show that the diameter of the semi-circular path is given by d = . [2]
(iii) Show that the diameter d of the semi-circular path is given by the expression
Bq
F = Bqv or F = mv 2 /r . . . . . . .2.mv
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[C1]
d= .
Bq
2
mv /(d/2) = Bqv so d = 2mv/Bq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

iv. Use the expression in (b)-iii. to show that the time TF spent in the field by the particle is [2]
independent of its speed v.

time = distance/speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T(F) = πd/2v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

[2]
T(F) = (π/2v) × (2mv/Bq), T(F) = πm/Bq and so T(F) independent of v . . . . . [A1]

Page 8 of 29 [Turn over

© UCLES 2017 9702/42/F/M/17
 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

8. 9p
(a) State what is meant by a field of force. [2]

region (of space) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

where an object/particle experiences a force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

(b) Explain the use of a uniform magnetic field and a uniform electric field for the selection of the [4]
velocity of charged particles. You may draw a diagram if you wish.

electric and magnetic fields normal to each other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

velocity of particle normal to both fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

forces (on particle) due to fields are in opposite directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

forces are equal for particles

with a particular speed
or for a selected speed
21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
or for speed given by v = E(q)/B(q)
(c) A beam of charged particles enters a region of uniform magnetic and electric fields, as
(c)illustrated
A beaminofFig. 9.1. particles enters a region of uniform magnetic and electric fields, as illustrated
charged
in Fig. 8.1.
The direction of the magnetic field
region of uniform
magnetic and
is into the plane of the paper. The
electric fields velocity of the charged particles is
normal to the magnetic field as the
particles enter the field.
path of A particle in the beam has mass
particle m, charge +q and velocity v. The
mass m particle passes undeviated through
magnetic field charge +q
into plane velocity v the region of the two fields.
of paper
On Fig. 8.1, sketch the path of a
Fig. 8.1 particle that has

Fig. 9.1
i. mass m, charge +2q and velocity v (label this path Q), [1]

path labelled
The direction Q shown
of the magnetic undeviated
field . . . . . .of. .the
is into the plane . . . .paper.
. . . . . .The
. . . .velocity
. . . . . . . .of. .the
. . . charged
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
particles is normal to the magnetic field as the particles enter the field.
ii. mass m, charge +q and velocity slightly larger than v (label this path V). [2]
A particle in the beam has mass m, charge +q and velocity v. The particle passes undeviated
throughreasonable
the region of the two
curve fields.and no kink on entering, labelled V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
in field
On Fig.deviated
9.1, sketch the path of. .a. .particle
’upwards’ . . . . . . .that
. . . .has
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
(i) mass m, charge +2q and velocity v (label this path Q), [1]

(ii) mass m, charge +q and velocity slightly larger than v (label this path V). [2]

[Total: 9]
Page 9 of 29 [Turn over
 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

9. A thin slice of conducting material has its faces PQRS and VWXY normal to a uniform magnetic
field of flux density B, as shown in Fig. 9.1. 7p
20
Electrons enter the slice at right-angles to face SRXY.
A thin slice of conducting material has its faces PQRS and VWXY normal to a uniform magnetic
field of flux
A density B, as
potential shown in the
difference, Fig. Hall
9.1. voltage VH , is developed between two faces of the slice.

magnetic field
flux density B
(a) i. Use letters from Fig. 9.1 to name [1]
the two faces between which the Hall
Q R voltage is developed.

PSYV and QRXW . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

W X
ii. State and explain which of the two faces [2]
named in (a)(i) is the more positive.
direction
electron moving in magnetic field
P S of motion
of electrons deflected towards face QRXW . . . [M1]

so face PSYV is more positive . . . . [A1]

V Y

Fig. 9.1 Fig. 9.1

Electrons enter the slice at right-angles to face SRXY.

BI
(b) The Hall voltage is given by the expression VH = .
A potential difference, the Hall voltage V , is developed between two faces
H
ntq of the slice.

(a) (i) Use letters

i. Usefrom
theFig. 9.1 to
letters name 9.1
in Fig. the to
twoidentify
faces between whicht.the Hall voltage is
the distance [1]
developed.
PV or SY or RX or QW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
............................................................... and ............................................................... [1]

(ii)
ii. State the meaning of the symbol n.
State and explain which of the two faces named in (a)(i) is the more positive.
[1]

number of charge carriers per unit volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]
iii. State and explain the effect, if any, on the polarity of the Hall voltage when negative charge [2]
carriers (electrons) are replaced with positive charge carriers, moving in the same direction
towards the slice.

negative and positive charge (carriers) would deflect in opposite directions . . . . . . . . . .[M1]

so no change in polarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

Page 10 of 29 [Turn over

 ..............................................................................................................................................
Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework
(b) A particle has mass m, charge +q and speed v.
10. 9p
The particle enters a uniform magnetic field of flux density B such that, on entry, it is mov
normal
(a) Explain what is meant by a to the magnetic
magnetic field. field, as shown in Fig. 8.1. [2]

region where there is a force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M1]

experienced by a current-carrying conductor/moving charge/(permanent) magnet . . . . . . . [A1]

(b) A particle has mass m, charge path of

+q and speed v. particle
mass m
The particle enters a uniform charge +q
magnetic field of flux density B speed v
such that, on entry, it is moving
normal to the magnetic field, as
shown in Fig. 10.1. region of
magnetic
The direction of the magnetic field
field is perpendicular to, and
into, the plane of the paper.
Fig. 10.1

i. On Fig. 10.1, draw the path of the particle through, and beyond, the region of the magnetic [3]
field.

single path, deflection in ’upward’ direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

Fig. 8.1
acceptable circular arc in whole field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
The direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to, and into, the plane of the paper.
no ’kinks’ at start or end of curvature, and straight outside region of field . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
(i)
On Fig. 8.1, draw the path of the particle through, and beyond, the region of the magn
field.
ii. There is a force acting on the particle, causing it to accelerate. [1]
Explain why the(ii)
speed of the
There is aparticle on leaving
force acting the magnetic
on the particle, field
causing it toisaccelerate.
v.
Explain why the speed of the particle on leaving the magnetic field is v.
force (on particle) is normal to velocity/direction of motion/direction of speed . . . . . . [B1]
......................................................................................................................................

(c) The particle in (b) loses ......................................................................................................................................

an electron so that its charge becomes +2q. Its change in mass is [3]
negligible. Determine, in terms of v, the initial speed of the particle such that its path through
......................................................................................................................................
the magnetic field is unchanged. Explain your working.

magnetic force provides/is the centripetal force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

© UCLES 2018 9702/41/O/N/18
Bqv = mv2/r or r = mv/Bq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

(if q is doubled), new speed = 2v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

Page 11 of 29 [Turn over

 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework
20
−1
8 An
11. Anelectron
electronisistraveling
travellingininaa vacuum
vacuum atat a
a speed of 3.4
speed of 1077 m
× 10
3.4 × mss–1 ..The
Theelectron
electronenters
entersa aregion
regionofof
uniformmagnetic
uniform magneticfield
fieldofofflux
flux density
density 3.2
3.2 mT,
mT, as
as illustrated
illustratedininFig. 8.1.11.1.
Fig. 6p

region of uniform
magnetic flux
density 3.2 mT

30°

electron
speed 3.4 × 107 m s–1

Fig. 11.1
Fig. 8.1

The
The initialdirection
initial direction of
of the
the electron
electron is
is at
at an
anangle
angleofof30°
30◦totothe
thedirection of of
direction thethe
magnetic field.
magnetic field.

(a)When
(a) Whenthe theelectron
electronenters
entersthe
themagnetic
magneticfield,
field, the
the component
component of
of its velocity vvNNnormal
its velocity normaltotothe
the
direction of the magnetic field causes the electron to begin to follow a circular path.
direction of the magnetic field causes the electron to begin to follow a circular path. Calculate:
Calculate:
i. vN , [1]
(i)v v= 7 ◦ 7 −1
N N 3.4 × 10 × sin 30 = 1.7 × 10 m s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

ii. the radius of this circular path. [3]

mv 2 /r = Bqv or r = mv/Bq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

vN = ................................................ m s–1 [1]
−31 −3
r = (9.11 × 10 7
× 1.7 × 10 )/(3.2 × 10 × 1.60 × 10−19 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]
(ii) the radius of this circular path.
= 0.030 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

(b) State the magnitude of the force, if any, on the electron in the magnetic field due to the [1]
component of its velocity along the direction of the field.

zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

(c) Use information from (a) and (b) to describe the resultant path of the electron in the field. [1]

helix/coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

radius = ..................................................... m [3]

(b) State the magnitude of the force, if any, on the electron in the magnetic field due to the
component of its velocity along the direction of the field.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

Page 12 of 29 [Turn over

 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework
18
12. Electrons enter a rectangular slice PQRSEFGH of a semiconductor material at right-angles to face
enter a rectangular
PQFE, slice PQRSEFGH
as shown of a semiconductor
in Fig. 12.1. material field
A uniform magnetic at right-angles to B is directed into the slice,
of flux density
E, as shown in Fig. 8.1.
at right-angles to face PQRS. 8p

magnetic field
ux density B
(a) The electrons each have charge −q and [2]
fl S drift speed v in the slice. State the
R magnitude and the direction of the
force due to the magnetic field on each
H electron as it enters the slice.

G magnitude: (force =) Bqv . . . . . . . .[B1]

P
direction: e.g., P → Q . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
Q
(b) The force on the electrons causes a
E voltage VH to be established across
F the semiconductor slice given by the
direction of expression VH = (BI)/(ntq), where I
incident electrons is the current in the slice.

Fig. 12.1
Fig. 8.1
i. State the two faces between which the voltage V is established.
magnetic field of flux density B is directed into the slice, at right-angles to face
H
PQRS.
[1]

EHSP and FGRQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

ectrons each have charge –q and drift speed v in the slice.

the magnitude andii.

theUse
direction
lettersoffrom
the force
Fig.due to the
12.1 magneticthe
to identify field on eacht.electron
distance [1]
nters the slice.
e.g., PE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................
(c) Aluminium ( 27 −3
13Al) has a density of 2.7 g cm . Assume that there is one free electron available
to carry charge per atom of aluminium.
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
Show that
i. causes
orce on the electrons the number
a voltage VH to beofestablished
charge carriers
acrossper
theunit volume in aluminium is 6.0 × 1028 m−3 .
semiconductor [2]
given by the expression
any one correct starting point from: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]
V = BI
n = (2.7 ×H103ntq
)/(27 × 1.66 × 10−27 ) or n = (2.7/27) × 106 × 6.02 × 1023 . . . . . . . . . [A1]

I is the current in ii.

the A
slice.
sample of aluminium foil has a thickness of 0.090 mm. The current in the foil is 4.6 A. A [2]
uniform magnetic field of flux density 0.15 T acts at right-angles to the foil. Use the value
tate the two faces between which
in (c)-i. to the VH voltage
voltagethe
calculate is established.
VH that is generated.

VH =face .................................
(0.15 × 4.6)/(6.0 × 1028and face .................................
× 0.090 × 10−3 × 1.60 × 10−19 [1]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

se letters from Fig. 8.1=to8.0

identify
× 10−7 . . . . . . . t.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]
theVdistance

.......................................................... [1]

Page 13 of 29 [Turn over

9702/42/O/N/19
 16
Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework
8 (a) Define the tesla.
13. 13 p
...................................................................................................................................................
(a) Define the tesla. [3]
...................................................................................................................................................
magnetic field normal to current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

...................................................................................................................................................
newton per ampere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

newton per metre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[B1]

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) AAmagnet
(b) magnetproduces
producesa auniform
uniformmagnetic
magneticfield
fieldofof fluxdensity
flux densityBBininthe
thespace
space between
between its its poles.
poles. A
rigid copper wire carrying a current is balanced on a pivot. Part PQLM of the wire is between
A rigid
the polescopper
of thewire carrying
magnet, a current isinbalanced
as illustrated Fig. 13.1. on a pivot. Part PQLM of the wire is between
the poles of the magnet, as illustrated in Fig. 8.1.

5.6 cm

P L
weight W

N S
Q rigid copper
wire
pivot

magnet

Fig. 13.1
Fig. 8.1 (not to scale)

The wire is balanced horizontally by means of a small weight W.

The wire is balanced horizontally by means of a small weight W. The section of the wire between
the poles of the magnet is shown in Fig. 13.2.

Explain why:

i. section QL of the wire gives rise to a moment about the pivot, [3]

current in wire QL gives rise to a force

or wire QL is perpendicular to the magnetic field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

force on wire QL is vertical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

force does not act through the pivot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

Page 14 of 29 [Turn over

 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

ii. sections PQ and LM of the wire do not affect the equilibrium of the wire. [2]

forces act through the same line

or forces are horizontal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
17
forces are equal (in magnitude) and opposite (in direction) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[B1]
The section of the wire between the poles of the magnet is shown in Fig. 8.2.

rigid copper wire

P
L

N S
Q

pole of magnet pole of magnet

Fig. 13.2
Fig. 8.2 (not to scale)

Explain
(c) Section QL why:
of the wire has length 0.85 cm. The perpendicular distance of QL from the pivot
is 5.6 cm. When the current in the wire is changed by 1.2 A, W is moved a distance of 2.6 cm
along(i)thesection
wire inQL of the wire gives rise to a moment about the pivot
order to restore equilibrium. The mass of W is 1.3 × 10−4 kg.
...........................................................................................................................................
i. Show that the change in moment of W about the pivot is 3.3 × 10−5 N m. [2]
...........................................................................................................................................
change = mg × (∆)L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

= 1.3...........................................................................................................................................
× 10−4 × 9.81 × 2.6 × 10−2 = 3.3 × 10−5 N m−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
ii. Use the information in (c)-i. to determine the magnetic flux density B between the poles [3]
(ii) sections
of the magnet.PQ and LM of the wire do not affect the equilibrium of the wire.
change = B × (∆)I × L × x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]
...........................................................................................................................................
10−5 = B × 1.2 × 0.85 × 10−2 × 5.6 × 10−2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]
3.3 ×...........................................................................................................................................

B = 0.058 T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]
...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

Page 15 of 29 [Turn over

 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

14. 9p
(a) State what is meant by a magnetic field. [2]
20
region where there is a force exerted on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M1]
ate what is meant by a magnetic field.
a current-carrying conductor
...............................................................................................................................................
or a moving charge
...............................................................................................................................................
or a magnetic material/magnetic pole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]
......................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) A rectangular piece of aluminium foil is situated in a uniform magnetic field of flux density B,
ectangular piece asof shown
aluminium foil is14.1.
in Fig. situated
Thein magnetic
a uniform field
magnetic field oftoflux
is normal thedensity B,
face PQRS of the foil. Electrons,
shown in Fig. 9.1.each of charge −q, enter the foil at right angles to the face PQTV.

magnetic field,
flux density B i. On Fig. 14.1, shade the face of the foil on [1]
which electrons initially accumulate.

face PSWV shaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

Q R ii. Explain why electrons do not continuously [3]

accumulate on the face you have shaded.
aluminium
T foil accumulating electrons cause an electric
movement field (between the faces) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[B1]
of electrons
P S force due to electric field opposes force due
to magnetic field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

accumulation stops when magnetic force

V W equals electric force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

Fig. 14.1
Fig. 9.1
(c) The Hall voltage VH developed across the foil in (b) is given by the expression VH = (BI)/(ntq),
e magnetic field is normal to the face PQRS of the foil.
where I is the current in the foil.
ectrons, each of charge −q, enter the foil at right angles to the face PQTV.
i. State the meaning of the quantity n. [1]
On Fig. 9.1, shade the face of the foil on which electrons initially accumulate.
number density of charge carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[1]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
Explain why electrons do not continuously accumulate on the face you have shaded.
ii. Using the letters on Fig. 14.1, identify the distance t. [1]
...........................................................................................................................................
PV or QT or SW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
(d) Suggest why, in practice, Hall probes are usually made using a semiconductor material rather [1]
than a metal.
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(for semiconductor,) n is (much) smaller so VH (much) larger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[B1]

Page 16 of 29 [Turn over

 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework
18 18
15. 9p
8 (a) (a)
A long 8straight
A long (a) vertical
A long
straight wire wire
vertical carries
straight a current
vertical
carrieswire I. TheI.
carries
a current awire passes
current
The through
I. The
wire a horizontal
wirethrough
passes passes carda horizontal
through
a horizontal card [3]card
EFGH, as shownEFGH,in Fig.as
8.1shown
and Fig. 8.2.
in Fig. 8.1 and Fig. 8.2.
EFGH, as shown in Fig. 15.1 and Fig. 15.2. On Fig. 15.2, draw the pattern of the magnetic
field produced by the current-carrying wire on the plane EFGH.
current out of plane of paper
current out of plane of paper
18 H H G G
I
ht vertical wire carries a current wire
I. The wire a horizontal card
wireI passes through
own in Fig. 8.1 and Fig. 8.2.
H H G G

current out of plane of paper

H G
I wire

G
E E F F

E E F F

Fig.15.1
Fig. 8.1 Fig. 8.1 Fig. 8.2 (view from Fig. 15.2
Fig.above)
8.2 (view from above)

Onconcentric
Fig. 8.2, draw
Onthe
circles pattern
Fig. of
thethe
8.2, draw
(around magnetic
the pattern
wire) field
. . . . . .of . . produced
. .the . . . . . . . .by
. .magnetic . .the
. field .current-carrying
. . .produced
. . . . . . . . .by
. . .the .wire
. . . . on
. . . current-carrying
. . . . . .[M1] wire on
F the plane EFGH.the plane EFGH. [3] [3]
at least 3 circles shown, all with increasing separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[A1]
(b) Two long straight Eparallel
(b) Two long wires
straight P andparallelQ are wiressituated
P anda Q distance
are situated 3.1 cm a apart,
distance as 3.1
illustrated
cm apart, in as illustrated in
direction anticlockwise
Fig. 8.3.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
Fig. 8.3.
Fig. 8.1 Fig. 8.2 (view from above)
(b) Two long straight parallel wires P and Q are situated a distance 3.1 cm apart, as illustrated in
draw the pattern Fig.
of the15.3.
magnetic
Thefield produced
current in6.2 by P
wire the
is current-carrying
6.2 A. The wire in
current on wire Q is 8.5 A. The magnetic flux
A 6.28.5
A A 8.5 A
GH. density B at a distance x from a long straight wire carrying [3] current I is given by the expression
B = (µ0 I)/(2πx), where µ0 is the permeability of free space. Calculate
wire P a distancewire
ight parallel wires P and Q are situated wire in
P apart, as illustrated
3.1 cm Q wire Q

i. the magnetic flux density at wire Q due to the current in [2]

wire P
6.2 A 8.5 A −7
× 6.2)/(2π × 3.1 × 10−2 ) . . . . . . . . . . [C1]
3.1cm
B = (4π × 103.1cm

wire P wire Q = 4.0 × 10−5 T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

Fig. 8.3 Fig. 8.3

The current in wire

ThePcurrent
is 6.2 A.inThe
wirecurrent inA.wire
P isii.6.2the TheQcurrent
force is 8.5
per A.
in length,
unit wire Q isin8.5 m−1 , acting on wire Q due [2]
N A.
to the current in wire P.
The magnetic flux
Thedensity B atflux
magnetic density Bx at
a distance from a long straight
a distance x from wire carrying
a long straight current I is
wire carrying current I is
given by the3.1cm
expression
given by the expression F = BIL or F/L = BI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]
Fig. 15.3 μ0I = 4.0 × 10−5
μ I× 8.5 = 3.4 × 10−4 N m−1 . . . . . . . . [A1]
Fig. 8.3 B = F/L B= 0
2πx 2πx
n wire P is 6.2 where
A. The μcurrent inwhere
wire Qμis is8.5
0 is the permeability ofA.free
the space. of free space.
permeability
0

c flux density B at a distance x from a long straight wire carrying current I is

expression
Page 17 of 29 [Turn over
 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

(c) The currents in wires P and Q are different in magnitude. State and explain whether the forces [2]
per unit length on the two wires will be different.

correct application of Newton’s 3rd law to the forces

or F/L is proportional to the product of the two currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[M1]

so same magnitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

12
16. Positively
5 charged
Positively particles
charged areare
particles traveling
travellingininaavacuum
vacuum through threenarrow
through three narrow slits
slits S1, SS12, and
S2 and S3 , as
For
shownSin, as
Fig. 16.1.
shown Each
in Fig. 5.1.particle has speed v and charge q. Examiner’s 4p
3
Use
S1 S2 S3

beam of
charged
particles

direction of
electric field

Fig.
Fig.16.1
5.1

ThereEach particle has

is a uniform speed v field
magnetic and charge
of flux q.density B and a uniform electric field of field strength E
There is a uniform magnetic field
in the region between the slits S2 and of flux
S3 . density B and a uniform electric field of field strength
E in the region between the slits S2 and S3.
(a) State the expression for the force F acting on a charged particle due to
(a) State the expression for the force F acting on a charged particle due to
i. the
(i) magnetic field,field,
the magnetic [1]

Bqv sin θ or Bqv cos θ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1]

.............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . [B1]

(ii) electric
ii. the the electric
field.field. [1]

qE . ...............................................................................................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1]
. . . . . . . . [B1]

(b) The electric field acts downwards in the plane of the paper, as shown in Fig. 5.1.
(b) The electric field
State and acts downwards
explain the directioninofthe
theplane of the
magnetic paper,
field as shown
so that in Fig.charged
the positively 16.1. [2]
particles may pass undeviated through the region between slits S and S . 2 positively3
State and explain the direction of the magnetic field so that the charged particles
may pass undeviated through the region between slits S 2 and S 3 .
..........................................................................................................................................
FB must be opposite in direction to FE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
..........................................................................................................................................
so magnetic field into plane of paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [2]
...................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . [B1]

Page 18 of 29 [Turn over

 16
Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework
9 (a) An electron is travelling at speed v in a straight line in a vacuum. It enters a uniform magnetic
field of
17. (a) An electron is flux densityat8.0
travelling × 10–4
speed T. Initially,
v in a straight theline
electron is travelling
in a vacuum. at righta angles
It enters uniformtomagnetic
the magnetic
field of field,
flux as illustrated
density 8.0 ×in10Fig.
−4 9.1.
T. Initially, the electron is traveling at right angles to the
magnetic field, as illustrated in Fig. 17.1. 10 p
region of uniform
magnetic field

path of electron

Fig. 17.1
Fig.
The path of the electron in the magnetic field 9.1 arc of a circle of radius 6.4 cm.
is an

Theand
i. State path of the the
explain electron in theofmagnetic
direction field isfield.
the magnetic an arc of a circle of radius 6.4 cm. [2]

(i) is State
force and explain the
downwards/down thedirection
page or of the magnetic
current field. to left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[B1]
is (right)

by left-hand rule, field is into plane of paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
ii. Show that the speed v of the electron is 9.0 × 106 m s−1 . [3]

magnetic.....................................................................................................................................
force provides the centripetal force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1] [2]

Bqv = mv 2 /r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. . . . .–1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

(ii) Show that the speed v of the electron is 9.0 × 10 m s .
v = Bqr/m
17
= (8.0 × 10−4 × 1.60 × 10−19 × 6.4 × 10−2 )/(9.11 × 10−31 )
= 9.0 × 106 m s−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]
(b) A uniform electric field is now applied in the same region as the magnetic field.

(b) A uniform
Theelectric
electronfield is now
passes applied in
undeviated the same
through region of
the region asthe
thetwo
magnetic field.
fields, as The electron
illustrated in Fig. 9.2.
passes undeviated through the region of the two fields, as illustrated in Fig. 17.2.
region of
uniform electric
and magnetic fields

path of electron [3]

Fig. 17.2
Fig. 9.2

(i) On Fig. 9.2, mark with an arrow the direction of the uniform electric field. [1]

(ii) Use data from (a) to calculate the magnitude of the electric field strength.
Page 19 of 29 [Turn over
 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

i. On Fig. 17.2, mark with an arrow the direction of the uniform electric field. [1]

arrow showing field direction down the page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

ii. Use data from (a) to calculate the magnitude of the electric field strength. [2]

Bqv = Eq or v = E/B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

E = 9.0 × 106 × 8.0 × 10−4 = 7.2 × 103 N C−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

(c) The electron in (b) is now replaced by an α-particle traveling at the same speed v along the [2]
same initial path as the electron. Describe and explain the shape of the path in the region of
the magnetic and electric fields.

straight line/undeviated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

condition for no deflection depends only on v

or condition for no deflection does not depend on m or q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

18. 10 p
(a) Explain the use of a uniform electric field and a uniform magnetic field for the selection of the [3]
velocity of a charged particle. You may draw a diagram if you wish.

electric and magnetic fields normal to each other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

either charged particle enters region normal to both fields

or correct B direction w.r.t. E for zero deflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

for no deflection, v = E/B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

(no credit if magnetic field region clearly not overlapping with electric field region)

Page 20 of 29 [Turn over

 ...................................................................................................................................................

Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Ions, all the

of the same isotope,are
aretraveling
travelling in
in aa vacuum 4 m s4−1. −1
(b) Ions, all of same isotope, vacuumwith
witha speed of 9.6
a speed × 10×
of 9.6 10 m s . The
The ions are incident normally on a uniform magnetic field of flux density 640 mT. The ions
ions are incident normally on a uniform magnetic field of flux density 640 mT. The ions follow
follow semicircular paths A and B before reaching a detector, as shown in Fig. 6.1.
semicircular paths A and B before reaching a detector, as shown in Fig. 18.1.

detector

A B vacuum

uniform magnetic
field, flux density
640 mT

Fig. 18.1
Fig. 6.1
The Data
diameters
for theof paths Aofand
diameters the B are are
paths 6.2 cm andin12.4
shown Fig.cm,
6.2. respectively.
The ions in path B each have charge +1.6 × 10−19 C.
path
i. Determine the mass, in u, of the ions in diameter
path B. / cm [4]

m = Bqr/v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[C1]
B 12.4
=(640 × 10−3 × 1.6 × 10−19 × 6.2 × 10−2 )/(9.6 × 104 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

=6.61 × 10−26 kg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

Fig. 6.2
−26 −27
=(6.61 × 10 )/(1.66 × 10 ) u = 40 u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]
The ions in path B each have charge +1.6 × 10−19 C.

ii. Suggest and explain quantitatively

© UCLES 2014
a reason for the difference in radii of the paths A and [3]
9702/42/M/J/14
B of the ions.

q/m ∝ 1/r or m constant and q ∝ 1/r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

q/m for A is twice that for B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

ions in path A have (same mass but) twice the charge (of ions in path B) . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

Page 21 of 29 [Turn over

 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

19. 9p
(a) Explain how a uniform magnetic field and a uniform electric field may be used as a velocity [3]
selector for charged particles.

electric and magnetic fields at right-angles to one another

(may be shown on a clearly labelled diagram) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

particle enters fields (with velocity) normal to the (two) fields

(may be shown on a clearly labelled diagram) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

19
no deviation for particles with selected velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

(b) Particles having mass m and charge +1.6 × 10–19 −19

C pass through a velocity selector.
(b) Particles having
They then mass
enter m and
a region of uniform +1.6 × 10
charge magnetic C magnetic
field of pass through a velocity
flux density 94 mTselector. They [4]
with speed
then3.4
enter a4 region
–1 of uniform magnetic
× 10 m s , as shown in Fig. 8.1. field of magnetic flux density 94 mT with speed 3.4 ×
104 m s−1 , as shown in Fig. 19.1.

path of charged particle

velocity
selector

15.0 cm

uniform
magnetic field
into page

Fig.19.1
Fig. 8.1

TheThe direction of the uniform magnetic field is into the page and normal to the direction in
direction of the uniform magnetic field is into the page and normal to the direction in
which the particles are moving.
which the particles are moving.
TheThe particles
particles areare moving
moving in ina avacuum
vacuumininaa circular
circular arc
arcofofdiameter
diameter15.0
15.0cm.
cm.
Show thatthat
Show thethe
mass of of
mass oneone
of of
thetheparticles
particlesisis20
20u.
u.
magnetic force equals/is the centripetal force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

Bqv = mv 2 /r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

M = Bqr/v = (94 × 10−3 × 1.6 × 10−19 × 0.075)/(3.4 × 104 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M1]

division by 1.66 × 10−27 shown, to give m = 20 u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

Page 22 of 29 [Turn over

 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

(c) On Fig. 19.1, sketch the path in the uniform magnetic field of a particle of mass 22 u having [2]
the same charge and speed as the particle in (b).

sketch: semicircle clear (in same direction) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

with larger radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[B1]

21

9 A thin rectangular slice of aluminium has sides of length 65 mm, 50 mm and 0.10 mm, as sh
Fig. 9.1.
20. A thin rectangular slice of aluminium has sides of length 65 mm, 50 mm and 0.10 mm, as shown in
Fig. 20.1. Some of the corners of the slice are labelled. 3p
A current I of 3.8 A is normal to direction of
face RSXY of the slice. Z magnetic field Y
0.10 mm
In aluminum, the number of free 50 mm
electrons per unit volume is 6.0 × X
current
1028 m−3 . 3.8 A
Q R
A uniform magnetic field of
magnetic flux density B equal to P S
0.13 T is normal to face QRYZ
of the aluminum slice in the 65 mm
direction from Q to P. Fig. 20.1
Fig. 9.1 (not to scale)
BI
A Hall voltage VH is developed across the slice and is given by the expression VH = .
Some of the corners of the slice are labelled. ntq

A current
(a) Use Fig. 20.1 to state I of 3.8 A of
the magnitude is normal to facet.RSXY of the slice.
the distance [1]

0.10 mm . . . . . . . . . . . .In
. . aluminium,
. . . . . . . . . . .the
. . . number
. . . . . . . .of. . free
. . . . electrons
. . . . . . . . . per
. . . .unit
. . . .volume
. . . . . . .is. .6.0 . .28
. . . ×. .10 . .−3. .[B1]
. .m
A uniform magnetic field of magnetic flux density B equal to 0.13 T is normal to face QRYZ
(b) Calculate the magnitude of theslice
aluminium Hallinvoltage.
the direction from Q to P. [2]
−3
VH = (0.13 × 3.8)/(6.0
A×Hall
28
× 0.10
10voltage V ×is10
developed × 10−19
× 1.60across the) slice
. . . . and
. . . . is
. . .given
. . . . .by
. . .the
. . .expression
. . . . . . . [C1]
H
−7
= 5.1 × 10 V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .BI
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]
VH = .
ntq

(a) Use Fig. 9.1 to state the magnitude of the distance t.

t = ................................................. m

(b) Calculate the magnitude of the Hall voltage VH.

Page 23 of 29 [Turn over

 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

21. A Hall probe is placed near to one end of a current-carrying solenoid, as shown in Fig. 21.1. 6p
The probe is rotated about the axis XY and is then held in a position so that the Hall voltage is
maximum. 19

is placed near
(a)to Explain
one end why
of a current-carrying solenoid, as shown in Fig. 9.1.

X
i. a Hall probe is made from a thin slice of material, [2]

Hall voltage depends on thickness of slice . . . . . .[C1]

solenoid
Hall probe thinner slice, larger Hall voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

ii. in order for consistent measurements of magnetic flux [1]

density to be made, the current in the probe must be
constant.
Y
20 Hall voltage depends on current in slice . . . . . . . [B1]
he probe is now rotated through an angle of 360° about the axis XY.
Fig. 21.1
angle θ = 0, the Hall voltage VH9.1
Fig. has maximum value VMAX.
◦
nrotated about
Fig. 9.2, (b)the
sketchTheaxis
the XY and
probe is then
is now
variation with heldθthrough
rotated
angle in
ofathe
position so that
an voltage
Hall angle ofVthe
360Hall voltage
about theisaxis XY.
H for one complete revolution
[3]
the probe aboutAt axis XY.θ = 0, the Hall voltage V has maximum value V
angle H MAX .
why
+ On Fig. 21.2, sketch the
all probe is made from a thin slice of material, variation with angle θ of
VMAX the Hall voltage VH for one
...................................................................................................................................... complete revolution of the
VH probe about axis XY.
......................................................................................................................................
sinusoidal wave,
0
..................................................................................................................................[2]
0 90 180 270 360 one cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
θ /°
rder for consistent measurements of magnetic flux density to be made, the current in
at θ = 0 and at θ = 360◦ ,
probe must be constant.
VH = VMAX . . . . . . . . . . . .[B1]
......................................................................................................................................
– at θ = 180◦ ,
..................................................................................................................................[1] V = −V
H MAX . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
Fig. 21.2
Fig. 9.2
[3]

[Total: 6]
22. A thin slice of conducting material is placed normal to a uniform magnetic field, as shown in
Fig. 22.1. 7p
iefly describe two phenomena associated with the photoelectric effect that cannot be
The magnetic field is normal to face CDEF and to face PQRS.
plained using a wave theory of light.
A current I passes through the slice and is normal to the faces CDQP and FERS.
...............................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................
Page 24 of 29 [Turn over
 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

A potential difference, the Hall voltage VH , is developed across the slice.

(a) i. State the faces between which the Hall voltage VH is developed. [1]
18
DERQ and CFSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
ce of conducting material is placed normal to a uniform magnetic field, as shown in
ii. Explain why a constant voltage VH is developed between the faces you have named in (i). [4]

magnetic
field charge carriers moving normal to
(magnetic) field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
F E

S charge carriers experience a force normal

R
to I (and B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

charge build-up sets up electric field/p.d.

across the slice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
C D

charge stops building up/VH becomes constant

P Q
current I when F B = FE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

Fig. 22.1
Fig. 8.1
(b) Two slices have similar dimensions. One slice is made of a metal and the other slice is made of [2]
netic field is normal to face CDEF and
a semiconductor to face PQRS.
material.

nt I in the slice isFor the same

normal to the values of magnetic
faces CDQP flux density and current, state which slice, if either, will give
and FERS.
rise to the larger Hall voltage. Explain your reasoning.
al difference, the Hall voltage VH, is developed across the slice.
VH inversely proportional to n/number density of charge carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
State the faces between which the Hall voltage VH is developed.
number density of charge carriers (n) lower in semiconductors
................................................................
so VH larger for semiconductorand ..............................................................
slice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[1]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

Explain why a constant

or VH voltage VH is to
proportional developed between . the
v/drift velocity . . . .faces
. . . . . .you
. . . . have
. . . . . .named
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B1)
in (i).
(for same current) drift velocity (v) higher in semiconductors
...........................................................................................................................................
so V larger for semiconductor slice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B1)
H

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
23. A thin slice of conducting material is placed normal to a uniform magnetic field of flux density B,
...........................................................................................................................................
as shown in Fig. 23.1. 8p
...........................................................................................................................................
(a) State the faces between which the Hall voltage VH is developed. [1]
...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]
Page 25 of 29 [Turn over
 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

DERQ and CFSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

16

(b) The
slice of conducting current
material I is normal
is placed produced by charge
to a uniform carriers,
magnetic each
field of of charge
flux density +q moving at speed v in the
B, as
n in Fig. 8.1. direction of the current. The number density of the charge carriers is n.

magnetic field i. Derive an expression relating the Hall [3]

flux density B voltage VH to v, B and d, where d is one
F E of the dimensions of the slice.
S force (on charge) due to magnetic field
R
= force due to electric field

or Bqv = Eq

D or v = E/B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
C
E = VH /d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
P Q
current I
VH = Bvd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
Fig. 23.1
Fig. 8.1
ii. Use your answer in (b)-i. and an expression for the current I in the slice to derive the [2]
magnetic field is normal to face CDEF and toBI
face PQRS.
expression VH = . Explain your working.
ntq
ent I passes through the slice and is normal to the faces CDQP and FERS.

use
ential difference, the Hall of I =
voltage VHnAqv and across
, is developed A = dtthe. slice.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M1]

tate the faces betweenalgebra clear

which the Hall leading
voltage Vto VH = BI/ntq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]
H is developed.

................................................................. and ................................................................... [1]

(c) Suggest why the Hall voltage is difficult to detect in a thin slice of copper. [2]
he current I is produced by charge carriers, each of charge +q moving at speed v in the
(in metal,) n is very large . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [M1]
irection of the current. The number density of the charge carriers is n.

)
(therefore) V is small . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]
Derive an expression relatingH the Hall voltage VH to v, B and d, where d is one of the
dimensions of the slice.

24. 8p
(a) Define magnetic flux density. [3]

force per unit current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

force per unit length (of wire) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

[3]
current normal to (magnetic) field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

7
Page 26 of 29 9702/43/O/N/17
[Turn over
 ...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) A stiff copper wire is balanced horizontally on a pivot, as shown in Fig. 8.1.
(b)(b)A stiff
A stiffcopper
copperwire wireisisbalanced
balancedhorizontally
horizontally on on aa pivot,
pivot,asasshownshownininFig. Fig.8.1.24.1.
7.5 cm
7.5 cm

P pivot stiff wire

P pivot stiff wire
S
Q S
Q
R
R
Fig. 24.1
Fig. 8.1
Sections PQ, QR and RS of the wire are Fig. 8.1
situated in a uniform magnetic field of flux density B
Sections PQ, QR and RS of the wire are situated in a uniform magnetic field of flux density B
produced between the poles of a permanent magnet.
produced between
Sections PQ, QR theand
polesRSofofathe
permanent
wire are magnet.
situated in a uniform magnetic field of flux density B
The
The perpendicular distance of PQRS from pivot
perpendicular
produced distance
between the of
polesPQRS
of a from the
permanent is 7.5iscm.
themagnet.
pivot 7.5 cm.
The perpendicular distance of PQRS from the pivot is 7.5 cm.
When
Whena acurrent
currentof 2.7 A isApassed
of 2.7 through
is passed the wire,
through a small
the wire, mass of
a small 45 mg
mass is placed
of 45 a distance
mg is placed a distance
8.8 cm
8.8Whenfrom the pivot
a current
cm from in order to
of 2.7inA order
the pivot restore
is passed the balance
throughthe
to restore of
thebalancethe wire,
wire, a small as
of themass shown in Fig.
wire,ofas45shown 8.2.
mg is placed
in Fig.a 24.2.
distance
8.8 cm from the pivot in order to restore the balance of the wire, as shown in Fig. 8.2.
small mass
7.5 cm 8.8 cm small mass
7.5 cm 2.7 A
8.8 cm
2.7 A
2.7 A
P pivot 2.7 A stiff wire
P pivot stiff wire
S
Q
S
Q
R
R pole pieces
of magnet
pole pieces
of magnet
Fig. 24.2

i. Explain why, when the currentFig. 8.2

is switched on, the current in the sections PQ and RS of [2]
the wire does not affect the balance of the
Fig. 8.2 wire.

forces (on PQ and RS) are horizontal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

© UCLES 2018 9702/42/O/N/18
(hence they create) no moment about the pivot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
© UCLES 2018 9702/42/O/N/18

or forces (on PQ and RS) are equal and opposite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B1)

(hence there is) no net force (on the two sections) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (B1)

Page 27 of 29 [Turn over

 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

ii. The length of section QR of the wire is 1.2 cm. Calculate the magnetic flux density. [3]

realisation of the need to apply moments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

BILx = mgy . . . . . . . . . B × 2.7 × 1.2 × 10−2 × 7.5 = 45 × 10−6 × 9.81 × 8.8 . . . . . . . . . [C1]

B = 1.6 × 10−2 T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

18

9 A particle of charge +q and mass m is travelling with a constant speed of 1.6 × 105 m s–1 in a
vacuum. The particle enters a uniform magnetic field of flux density 9.7 × 105–2 T, −1
as shown in
25. A particle of charge +q and mass m is traveling with a constant speed of 1.6×10 m s in a vacuum.
Fig. 9.1. −2
The particle enters a uniform magnetic field of flux density 9.7 × 10 T, as shown in Fig. 25.1. 11 p

uniform magnetic field

particle charge +q, mass m, out of the plane ofthe paper
flux density 9.7 × 10–2 T
speed 1.6 × 105 m
s–1
path of particle

Fig. 25.1

The magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the initial velocity of the particle and perpendicular
Fig. 9.1
to, and out of, the plane of the paper. A uniform electric field is applied in the same region as the
magnetic field so that
The magnetic fieldthe particle
direction passes undeviated
is perpendicular through
to the initial the of
velocity fields.
the particle and perpendicular
to, and out of, the plane of the paper.
(a) State and explain the direction of the electric field. [2]
A uniform electric field is applied in the same region as the magnetic field so that the particle
direction of force due
passes undeviated to electric
through field opposite to force due to magnetic field . . . . . . . . . . . . .[B1]
the fields.

electric field
(a) State is explain
and up the the
page . . . . . .of. .the
direction . . . .electric
. . . . . . .field.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]

...................................................................................................................................................
(b) Calculate the magnitude of the electric field strength. Explain your working. [3]

force ...................................................................................................................................................
due to electric field = force due to magnetic field or Eq = Bqv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [B1]
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
E = Bv (= 9.7 × 10−2 × 1.6 × 105 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

=(b)1.6Calculate
(1.55) × the
104 magnitude
V m−1 . . . of
. . .the
. . .electric
. . . . . . .field
. . . . .strength.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]
Explain your working.
(c) The electric field is now removed so that the positively-charged particle follows a curved path [3]
in the magnetic field. This path is an arc of a circle of radius 4.0 cm.
Calculate, for the particle, the ratio q/m.

q/m = v/Br . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

= 1.6 × 105 /(9.7 × 10−2 × 4.0 × 10−2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

= 4.1 (4.12) × 107 C kg−1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

electric field strength = .................................................V m–1 [3]

Page 28 of 29 [Turn over

 Cambridge A Level Physics - Paper 4 Homework

(d) The particle has a charge of 3e where e is the elementary charge.

i. Use your answer in (c) to determine the mass, in u, of the particle. [2]

m = (3 × 1.60 × 10−19 )/(4.12 × 107 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [C1]

m = 1.16 × 10−26 /1.66 × 10−27

= 7(.0) u (allow 7.1 u) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

ii. The particle is the nucleus of an atom. State the number of protons and the number of [1]
neutrons in this nucleus.

3 protons, 4 neutrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [A1]

Page 29 of 29 End of homework