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Midterm Exam - Review

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22 views15 pages

Midterm Exam - Review

Uploaded by

studywithtunizrel
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Review

Chapter 1: Electric Fields

Coulomb’s Law: (Unit: N)

 8.99 109 N.m2/C 2 : electrostatic constant


1
k
4 0
 0  8.85 1012 C2/N/m2 : permittivity constant

The Principle of Superposition:


The Electric Field:
(Unit: N/C)

• The direction of E :
- q > 0: directly away from the charge
- q < 0: toward the charge

The Principle of Superposition:


The electric dipole moment p of
the dipole:

• Magnitude:

(Unit: C.m)
• Direction: from the negative
to the positive
Electric Field of a Continuous Charge Distribution:
The principle to calculate E:
 Find an expression for dq:
o dq = λdl for a line distribution
odq = σdA for a surface distribution
odq = ρdV for a volume distribution
 Calculate dE:

 Add up (integrate the contributions) over


the whole distribution, varying the
displacement as needed::
A Dipole in an Electric Field:


Unit: N.m E
+q 
F
 -q +
F

E

F -q
 +
+q F
Potential Energy of an Electric Dipole:

• Choose U = 0 at  = 900, then


calculate U at   900

• Work done by the field from i to f:

• Work done by the applied torque (of the applied force):

Electric flux:

Unit: N.m2/C
Gauss’ Law:

qenc : the net charge enclosed


in the surface
or

qenc  0 : the net flux is outward


qenc  0 : the net flux is inward
• Electric field due to a charged conductor:

• Electric field due to non-conducting sheet:

 : surface charge density


(C/m 2 )
• Electric field due to a very long, uniformly charged,
cylindrical plastic rod :

 : linear charge density


(C/m)

• A thin, uniformly charged spherical


shell:

E0 (r  R)
• A uniformly charged sphere:

The electric field at a distance r > R: the


charge sphere acts like a point charge at the
center
Chapter 2: Electric Energy and Capacitance
• Electric Potential and Electric Potential Difference:

W: work done by the electric force


• Calculating the Electric Potential Difference between
2 Points i and f from the Electric Field:

• Potential difference in a uniform electric field:

• Potential due to a point charge:


• Potential due to a group of point charges:

(an algebraic sum,


not a vector sum)

• Calculating the Electric Field from the Potential:

• Electric Potential Energy of a System of Point Charges:

• Two charges:

• Three charges:

• Electric Potential due to Continuous Charge Distributions:


See the principle to calculate the electric field due
to a continuous charge distribution
• Capacitance. Capacitors in Parallel and in Series:
C: Capacitance of the capacitor
unit: F

• A Parallel-Plate Capacitor:

• Capacitors in Parallel:

• Capacitors in Series:

• Energy Stored in a Charged Capacitor:

• Energy density:
• Capacitor with a Dielectric:

• Dielectrics and Gauss’ Law:

Chapter 3: Current and Resistance. Direct Current Circuits

• Electric Current: (Unit: A)

• Current Density:

• Drift Speed: ne: charge density


(C/m3)
• Resistance: (Unit: )

• Resistivity: (Unit: m)


• Conductivity: (Unit: (m)-1)

• Calculating Resistance from


Resistivity:

• Ohm’s Law: or

• Power in Electric Circuits:

• Emf: (Unit: V) (Unit: W)

• Power of an emf device: (Unit: W)


• Kirchhoff’s Rules:
• Loop Rule (Voltage Law):

Important Notes:
• For a move through a resistance in the direction of the
current, the change in potential is –iR; in the opposite direction
it is +iR (resistance rule)
• For a move through an ideal emf device in the direction of the
emf arrow, the change in potential is +; in the opposite
direction it is - (emf rule)
• Junction Rule (Current Law):
• Resistors:
• Resistors in Series:

• Resistors in Parallel:

• The relationship between Power and Potential:


• The net rate P of energy transfer from the emf device
to the charge carriers:

• The dissipation rate of energy due to the


internal resistance r of the emf device:

• The power of the emf device:


• RC Circuits:
• Charging a Capacitor:

The time constant: (Unit: s)

• Discharging a Capacitor:

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