CLASS : BBA-1 SEM

SUBJECT: DIGITAL FLUENCY

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Module No: 1

Fundamentals of Computer:

Introduction:

Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as input from the
user and processes these data under the control of set of instructions (called
program) and gives the result (output) and saves output. It can process both
numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.
A computer can :
i) accept data,
ii) store data,
iii) process data as desired
iv) retrieve the stored data as and when required and
v) print the result in desired format

Input (Data):
Input is the raw information entered into a computer from the input devices. It is
the collection of letters, numbers, images etc.

Process:
Process is the operation of data as per given instruction. It is totally internal process
ofthe computer system.

Output:
Output is the processed data given by computer after data processing. Output is
also called as Result. We can save these results in the storage devices for the future
use.

Advantages of Computers
Following are certain advantages of computers.
High Speed
• Computer is a very fast device.
• It is capable of performing calculation of very large amount of data.
• The computer has units of speed in microsecond, nanosecond, and even the
picosecond.
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• It can perform millions of calculations in a few seconds as compared to man who will
spend many months to perform the same task.
Accuracy
• In addition to being very fast, computers are very accurate.
• The calculations are 100% error free.
• Computers perform all jobs with 100% accuracy provided that the input is correct.
Storage Capability
• Memory is a very important characteristic of computers.
• A computer has much more storage capacity than human beings.
• It can store large amount of data.
• It can store any type of data such as images, videos, text, audio, etc.
Diligence
• Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of
concentration.
• It can work continuously without any error and boredom.
• It can perform repeated tasks with the same speed and accuracy.
Versatility
• A computer is a very versatile machine.
• A computer is very flexible in performing the jobs to be done.
• This machine can be used to solve the problems related to various fields.
• At one instance, it may be solving a complex scientific problem and the very next
moment it may be playing a card game.
Reliability
• A computer is a reliable machine.
• Modern electronic components have long lives.
• Computers are designed to make maintenance easy.
Automation
• Computer is an automatic machine.
• Automation is the ability to perform a given task automatically. Once the computer
receives a program i.e., the program is stored in the computer memory, then the
program and instruction can control the program execution without human interaction.

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Reduction in Paper Work and Cost

• The use of computers for data processing in an organization leads to reduction in
paper
work and results in speeding up the process.
• As data in electronic files can be retrieved as and when required, the problem of
maintenance of large number of paper files gets reduced.
• Though the initial investment for installing a computer is high, it substantially reduces
the cost of each of its transaction.

Application of Computers in Various Fields

Business
A computer has high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy, reliability, or versatility
which
has made it an integrated part in all business organizations.
Computer is used in business organizations for:
• Payroll Calculations
• Budgeting
• Sales Analysis
• Managing Employee Database
• Maintenance of stocks, etc.

Banking
Today, banking is almost totally dependent on computers.
Banks provide the following facilities:
• Online accounting facility, which includes checking current balance, making deposits
and overdrafts, checking interest charges, shares, and trustee records.
• ATM machines which are completely automated are making it even easier for
customers to deal with banks.

Insurance
Insurance companies are keeping all records up-to-date with the help of computers.
Insurance
companies, stock broking firms are widely using computers for their concerns.
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Insurance companies are maintaining a database of all clients with information

showing:
• Procedure to continue with policies
• Starting date of the policies
• Next due installment of a policy

Education
The computer helps in providing a lot of facilities in the education system.
• The computer provides a tool in the education system known as CBE (Computer
Based Education).
• CBE involves control, delivery, and evaluation of learning.
• Computer education is rapidly increasing the graph of number of computer students.
• There are a number of methods in which educational institutions can use a computer
to educate the students

Marketing
In marketing, uses of the computer are following:
• Advertising - With computers, advertising professionals create art and graphics, write
and revise copy, and print and disseminate ads with the goal of selling more products.
• Home Shopping - Home shopping has been made possible through the use of
computerized catalogues that provide access to product information and permit direct
entry of orders to be filled by the customers.

Healthcare
Computers have become an important part in hospitals, labs, and dispensaries.

Generations of Computers
1 First Generation
The period of first generation: 1946-1959. Vacuum tube based.
2 Second Generation
The period of second generation: 1959-1965. Transistor based.
3 Third Generation
The period of third generation: 1965-1971. Integrated Circuit based.
4 Fourth Generation
The period of fourth generation: 1971-1985. VLSI microprocessor based.
5 Fifth Generation
The period of fifth generation: 1985-onwards. ULSI microprocessor based.

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First Generation
The period 1946 to 1959, roughly considered as the First Generation of Computer.

The first generation computers were developed by using vacuum tube or thermionic
valve machine.

The input of this system was based on punched cards and paper tape; however, the
output was displayed on printouts.

The first generation computers worked on binary-coded concept (i.e., language of 0-

1). Examples: ENIAC, EDVAC, etc.

Second Generation
The period 1959-1965 is roughly considered as the period of Second Generation of
Computers.

The second generation computers were developed by using transistor technology.

In comparison to the first generation, the size of second generation was smaller.

In comparison to computers of the first generation, the computing time taken by

the computers of the second generation was lesser.
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Third Generation
The period 1965-1971 is roughly considered as the period of Third Generation of
computers.

The third generation computers were developed by using the Integrated Circuit (IC)
technology.
In comparison to the computers of the second generation, the size of the computers
of the third generation was smaller.

In comparison to the computers of the second generation, the computing time

taken by the computers of the third generation was lesser.

The third generation computer consumed less power and also generated less heat.

The maintenance cost of the computers in the third generation was also low.

The computer system of the computers of the third generation was easier for
commercial use.

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Fourth Generation
The period 1971-1985 is roughly considered as the fourth generation of computers.

The fourth generation computers were developed by using microprocessor

technology.
By coming to fourth generation, computer became very small in size, it became
portable.

The machine of fourth generation started generating very low amount of heat.

It is much faster and accuracy became more reliable.

The production cost reduced to very low in comparison to the previous generation.

It became available for the common people as well.

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Fifth Generation
The period 1985 to till date and beyond, roughly considered as the period of fifth
generation of computers.

By the time, the computer generation was being categorized on the basis of
hardware only, but the fifth generation technology also included software.

The computers of the fifth generation had high capability and large memory
capacity.

Working with computers of this generation was fast and multiple tasks could be
performed simultaneously.

Some of the popular advanced technologies of the fifth generation include Artificial
intelligence, Quantum computation, Nanotechnology, Parallel processing, etc.

Computer System/ Components of a computer

All of the components of a computer system can be summarized with the simple
equations.

COMPUTER SYSTEM = HARDWARE + SOFTWARE+ USER

 Hardware = Internal Devices + Peripheral Devices

 All physical parts of the computer (or everything that we can touch) are known as
Hardware.

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 Software = Programs
 Software gives "intelligence" to the computer.

 USER = Person, who operates computer.

Input device
An input device is a piece of hardware that is used to enter data into a computer
Uses of input unit are:
 It is used to provide data.
 It is used for interaction and control.
 Input unit like scanner is used to read an image and convert it into a digital
file.
 A barcode reader is used for reading barcodes.
 The digital camera is used to capture pictures digitally.
 Examples of input units are: mouse, scanners, digital cameras, keyboards, and
joysticks.

Output device

A piece of equipment/hardware which gives out the result of the entered input,
once it is processed (i.e. converts data from machine language to a human-
understandable language), is called an output device. For example printer, monitor,
etc.
Uses of Output unit are:
an output device receives data from the computer.
Output devices allow users to better interact with computer equipment.
They convert data signals into things that people can better understand, such as
images or sounds.
It forms images by converting electrical energy into light in the form of tiny dots on
the screen called pixels.

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Input Devices:

Key board

1. Mouse

Digital
Camera
3. Scanner

Web Camera

6. Joysticks

TouchPad/ Screen

7. Track Ball

Bar code Reader

9. LightPen
Pen

GraphicsTablets

11. Microphone

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14. Optical Mark Reader

MagneticInk Used for Answer- Sheet
CharacterReader Marking Purpose)
(Used in Bank)

Magnetic Card
reader . BiometricDevices
(Used in Shops,
Colleges,
Stations etc)
15.

17. Bluetooth

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Application of Computer ,Laptop and Mobile:

Computer Laptop Mobile
A computer is a machine A laptop is a personal A mobile device is a general
that can be programmed computer that can be term for any type of
to carry out sequences of easily moved and used in handheld computer. These
arithmetic or logical a variety of locations. devices are designed to be
operations automatically. extremely portable, and
they can often fit in your
hand.
Computer helps Laptop helps businesses Smartphones can also be
businesses to promote to promote their products used to transfer money.
their products or services. or services.
Computers can be used to a laptop computer, you Managers can use mobile
give learners audio-visual can do various tasks. Such computers say, critical
information, interactive as - Online reading, presentations to major
exercises, and remote Online Taking Exams & customers.
learning, including applying online exam
tutoring over the forms.
internet.
Computers control lab laptops are used in any a huge market of
equipment, heart rate hospital to keep records Entertainment for humans
monitors, and blood of patients, generate bills, while they are on move.
pressure monitors. schedule meetings, keep Watching movies, listening
appointments, manage music and playing a game is
inventory become a part of life for
entertainment.
In Science and Laptops are used in wireless networks can also
Engineering, business or corporate be used to replace wired
Supercomputers have meetings because laptops networks. e.g., remote
numerous applications in are lightweight, which can sensors, for tradeshows, or
the area of Research and be carried very easily in historic buildings.
Development (R&D). from one place to another

Processor
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

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The main unit inside the computer is the CPU. A processor (CPU) is the logic circuitry
that responds to and processes the basic instructions that drive a computer. This
unit is responsible for all events inside the computer. It controls all internal and
external devices, performs arithmetic and logic operations. The CPU (Central
Processing Unit) is the device that interprets and executes instructions. The basic
elements of a processor

The basic elements of a processor include:

 The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which carries out arithmetic and logic operations
on the operands in instructions.
 The floating point unit (FPU), also known as a math coprocessor or numeric
coprocessor, a specialized coprocessor that manipulates numbers more quickly
than the basic microprocessor circuitry can.
 Registers, which hold instructions and other data. Registers supply operands to the
ALU and store the results of operations.
 L1 and L2cache memory. Their inclusion in the CPU saves time compared to having
to get data from random access memory (RAM).

Output Devices

2. Printer (Dot Matrix)

1. Monitor
)

InkJet

3.
Projector

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Laser

4. Plotter

5. Speaker

USB Port :
A USB port is a standard cable connection interface for personal computers and
consumer electronics devices.
USB stands for Universal Serial Bus, an industry standard for short-distance digital
data communications.
USB ports allow USB devices to be connected to each other with and transfer digital
data over USB cables. They can also supply electric power across the cable to devices
that need it.
Both wired and wireless versions of the USB standard exist, although only the wired
version involves USB ports and cables.

Pen drive:
A pen drive is a portable Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash memory device for storing
and transferring audio, video, and data files from a computer.
As long as the desktop or laptop has a USB port, and the pen drive is compatible with
the operating system,
it should be easy to move the data from the hard drive to the device — and to
another computer

Power Cord :
Electricity is the flow of electrons through a conductor. Now, to align that flow of electrons,
we need a metal conductor sheathed inside a poly vinyl chloride insulator (PVC). This
equipment typically known as a power cord.
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Alternatively called a power cable, mains cable or flex, a power cord is the primary
cable that provides power to the computer, printer, monitor, and components
within a computer.

Keyboard :
A keyboard's primary function is to act as an input device.
It is used to enter characters and functions into the computer system by pressing
buttons, or keys.
A keyboard typically contains keys for individual letters, numbers and special
characters, as well as keys for specific functions.
A keyboard is connected to a computer system using a cable or a wireless
connection.
Using a keyboard, a person can type a document, use keystroke shortcuts, access
menus, play games and perform a variety of other tasks.
Keyboards can have different keys depending on the manufacturer, the operating
system they're designed for, and whether they are attached to a desktop computer
or part of a laptop.
keyboards have between 80 and 110 keys, including:

 Typing keys
 A numeric keypad
 Function keys
 Control keys

Two categories of keyboards exist (in terms of connectivity):

 Wired
 Wireless

Computer Mouse:
A computer mouse is an electrict small hardware input device that is used to
navigate and interact with items on a computer screen.
It typically has two buttons (left and right) and a scroll wheel that can be used to
move the cursor around the screen, select and open items, and perform other
actions.
It is an essential tool for interacting with a computer's graphical user interface
(GUI).
In 1963, Douglas Engelbart invented the mouse at the time working at Xerox PARC.
But, due to the lack of success of Alto's, the Apple Lisa computer widely used the
first application of the mouse. Older mouse devices were connected to computers
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via a cord or a cable where modern mouse devices use the optical technology, and
visible or invisible light beam controls the cursor movements.
Many models provide wireless connectivity features via different wireless
technologies, including Bluetooth and radio frequency.

A mouse is capable of performing various functions on a computer, which are as

follows: Move the mouse pointer, to Select, Open or execute a program, Drag-and-
drop, Hovering , Scroll Up & Down, Playing Game and so on

Monitor:
A monitor is an electronic that displays information on a screen or other display
device. It’s an output peripheral that graphically displays the computer’s processed
data, making it easier for users to interact with the system.
The first computer monitor was part of the Xerox Alto computer system, which was
released on March 1, 1973.
There are essentially two types of monitors, with the second having two variations
based on backlighting (CCFL vs. LED). The first (and oldest) is the CRT (cathode-ray
tube) monitor, which was based on the same technology as early televisions. The
second is the LCD (liquid-crystal display) monitor.

Printer:
A printer is a hardware output device that is used to generate hard copy and print
any document. A document can be of any type such as a text file, image, or the
combination of both. It accepts input command by users on a computer or on other
devices to print the documents.
Printers are one of the common computer peripheral devices that can be classified
into two categories that are 2D and 3D printers. The 2D printers are used to print
text and graphics on a paper, and 3D printers are used to create three dimensional
physical objects.
A list of all the various types of printers is given below:
o Inkjet Printers
o Laser Printers
o 3D Printers
o LED Printers
o Solid Ink Printers
o Dot Matrix Printers
o Multifunction or All-in-One Printers
o Thermal printer
o Plotter
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Storage Devices

Difference between RAM and ROM

Difference Random Access Memory (RAM) Read Only Memory (ROM)

ROM is a non-volatile memory that

RAM is a volatile memory that could
the could retain the
Data-Retention store the
data even when the power is turned
data as long as the power is supplied.
off.

Read and write operations are

Read/Write Only read operations are supported.
supported.

It is typically used to store firmware

Used to store the data that has to be or microcode, which is used
Use
currently processed by CPU temporarily. to initialize and control hardware
components of the computer.

Speed It is a high-speed memory. It is much slower than the RAM.

CPU CPU can easily access data stored in CPU cannot easily access data stored
Interaction RAM. in ROM.

Size and Large size with higher capacity, Small size with less capacity,
Capacity concerning ROM. concerning RAM.

Used as/in CPU Cache, Primary memory. Firmware, Micro-controllers.

The data stored is not as easily

Accessibility The data stored is easily accessible.
accessible as in the concerning RAM.

Cost RAM is more costlier than ROM. ROM is cheaper than RAM.

A RAM chip can store only a few A ROM chip can store multiple
Chip Size
gigabytes (GB) of data. megabytes (MB) of data.

Used for the temporary storage of data Used to store firmware, BIOS, and
Function
currently being processed by the CPU. other data that needs to be retained.

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1. Primary memory (main memory)

A. RAM (Random Access Memory/Read-Write Memory)

B. ROM (Read-only-memory)

2. Secondary memory (storage devices)

A. Hard Disk (Local Disk)
B. Optical Disks: CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW
C. Pen Drive
D. Zip Drive
E. Floppy Disks
F. Memory Cards
G. External Hard Disk

HardDisk

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C. Pen Drive
Opticaldisk

. ZipDisk
E. Floppy Disk
(super disk)

F. MemoryCards
External
Hard Disk

Peripheral Devices

2. Switches/Hub
1. The Modem/Internet
Adapter

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4. TV TunerCard

3. Router

Internal Components

1. The MotherBoard 3. Expan

sion

Slots

3. CMOS 4. CoolingFan

Battery

5. NetworkCard 6. GraphicsCard

7. Power SupplyUnit 8. MemorySlots

(SMPS)

Software
Software, simply are the computer programs. The instructions given to the computer
in the form of a program is called Software. Software is the set of programs, which are
used for different purposes. All the programs used in computer to perform specific
task is called Software.
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Types of software
1. System software:
 Operating System Software : DOS, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Unix/Linux,
MAC/OS X etc.

 Utility Software : Windows Explorer (File/Folder Management), Windows Media

Player, Anti- Virus Utilities, Disk Defragmentation, Disk Clean, BackUp, WinZip,
WinRAR etc…

2. Application software:
 Package Software : Ms. Office 2003, Ms. Office 2007, Macromedia
(Dreamweaver, Flash,Freehand), Adobe (PageMaker, PhotoShop)

 Tailored or Custom Software : SAGE (Accounting), Galileo/Worldspan (Travel) etc.

3. Computer Languages & Scripting:

 Low Level Language
 Machine Level Language
 Assembly Language

 Machine language: These language instructions are directly executed by CPU

 Assembly language: The endeavor of giving machine language instructions a

name structure that means bit strings of instructions of machine language are
given name here

 High Level Language: The user friendly language ...more natural language
than assembly language.

Assembler is needed to convert assembly language into machine language

Complier is needed to convert high level to machine language

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b)High Level Language

COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language), FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation),
BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), C, C++ etc. are the examples
of High Level Language.

Types of Computer
On the basis of working principle -
a) Analog Computer
An analog computer (spelt analogue in British English) is a form of computer that
uses continuous physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic
quantities to model the problem being solved.

1. Thermometer 2. Speedometer

3. Petrol PumpIndicator 4. Multimeter

b) Digital Computer
A computer that performs calculations and logical operations with quantities
represented as digits, usually in the binary number system.

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c) Hybrid Computer (Analog + Digital)

A combination of computers those are capable of inputting and outputting in both digital
and analog signals. A hybrid computer system setup offers a cost effective method
of performing complex simulations

On the basis of Size

a) Super Computer
The fastest type of computer. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed
for specialized applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations.
For example, weather forecasting requires a supercomputer. Other uses of
supercomputers include animated graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear
energy research, and petroleum exploration.
The chief difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe is that a
supercomputer channels all its power into executing a few programs as fast as
possible, whereas a mainframe uses its power to execute many programs
concurrently.

b) Mainframe Computer
A very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even
thousands, of users simultaneously. In the hierarchy that starts with a simple
microprocessor (in watches, for example) at the bottom and moves to
supercomputers at the top, mainframes are just below supercomputers. In some ways,

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mainframes are more powerful than supercomputers because they support more
simultaneous programs. But supercomputers can execute a single program faster
than a mainframe.
c) Mini Computer
A midsized computer. In size and power, minicomputers lie between workstations and
mainframes. In the past decade, the distinction between large minicomputers and small
mainframes has blurred, however, as has the distinction between small
minicomputers and workstations. But in general, a minicomputer is a multiprocessing
system capable of supporting from 4 to about 200 users simultaneously.

d) Micro Computer
i. Desktop Computer: a personal or micro-mini computer sufficient to fit
on adesk.

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ii. Laptop Computer: a portable computer complete with an integrated

screen and keyboard. It is generally smaller in size than a desktop computer and larger
than a notebook computer.

iii. Palmtop Computer/Digital Diary /Notebook /PDAs: a hand-sized

computer. Palmtops have no keyboard but the screen serves both as an input and
output device.

e) Workstations
A terminal or desktop computer in a network. In this context, workstation is just a
generic term for a user's machine (client machine) in contrast to a "server" or

"mainframe."

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On the basis of Brand

a) IBM/IBM Compatible Computers

c) Apple/Macintosh

Booting
The process of loading the system files of the operating system from the disk into
the computer memory to complete the circuitry requirement of the computer system is
called booting. The system files of MS. DOS are:

Types of Booting:
There are two types of booting:
Cold Booting: If the computer is in off state and we boot the computer by pressing
the power switch ‘ON’ from the CPU box then it is called as cold booting.

Warm Booting: If the computer is already ‘ON’ and we restart it by pressing the
‘RESET’ button from the CPU box or CTRL, ALT and DEL key simultaneously from the
keyboard then it is called warm booting.

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How to start the Computer in Ms. Windows mode?

There is nothing special you need to start this system. Just,
1. Switch ON the Power Supply.
2. Switch ON the CPU and,
3. Switch ON the Screen (Monitor).

How to Shutdown (Turn Off) the Computer?

Before shutting down the Computer, close all opened windows at first. Then,
1. Click on Start button.
2. Click on Shutdown (Turn Off Computer). Then, Computer asks you:
What do you want the Computer to do?
 Standby
 Shutdown (Turn Off)
 Restart
 Restart in MS-DOS mode.

Note: The options will be different from one OS to another.

3. Choose 2nd option (i.e. Shutdown/Turn Off).

4. Click on OK. Then, wait until the message “It’s now safe to turn off your
Computer”.
5. Then, Switch Off the screen.
6. Switch Off the CPU.
7. At last, Switch Off the power supply.

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Basic Computer

1. Which one is not an output device?

o Printer
o Monitor
o Keyboard
o Modem
2. Which one works as an output and input device?
o Modem
o Scanner
o Mouse
o Monitor
3. All computers must have:
o Word processing software
o An operating system
o A printer attached
o A virus checking program
4. The brain of the computer is called:
o Random Access Memory or RAM
o Central Processing Unit or CPU
o Read Only Memory or ROM
o BIOS
5. Software is:
o A computer program
o A set of instructions
o All of the above
o Only in operating systems
6. One MB is equal to:
o The amount of RAM in every computer
o 1 billion bytes
o 1024KB
o 1 thousand bytes

7. The resolution of a printer is measured in:

o Megabits
o Hz
o Dots per inch (DPI)
o Inches (diagonal)
8. Windows and Macintosh computers:
o Are both manufactured by Motorola
o Both use Intel microprocessors
o Use the same operating system
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o Are not compatible

9. A computer port is used to:
o Communicate with other computer peripherals
o Download files from the web
o Communicate with all hard drives
o Connect computers together
10 An operating system is:
o CD-ROM software
o Integrated software

o Application software
o System software

10. Which computer is the fastest?

o PII 600MHz
o PIII 600MHz
o Pentium 600MHz
o 486 Turbo
11. Which hard disk will be able to store more information?
o 24MB
o 2400KB
o 24Gig
o 240MB
12. In order for your computer to play music you need:
o A network card and speakers
o A sound card and speakers
o Nothing more than the internal speaker
o A CD-ROM drive
13. In order to access the World Wide Web you need:
o An Internet connection, an Internet Service Provider and browser
software
o Only Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator
o A modem and a browser
o Nothing. All computers can access the Internet

14. If you have two different printers attached to your computer:

o It is not possible to have two printers attached to a single computer
o You need to install a single printer driver
o You need to use application software that can recognize both printers
o You need to install two different printer drivers in order to be able to
print toeither printer

15. Which file extensions indicate only graphics files?

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o BMP and DOC

o JPEG and TXT
o TXT and STK
o BMP and GIF
16. Which Windows program do you use to manage folders and files?
o Windows Explorer
o Windows Accessories
o Microsoft Office
o Windows Control Panel
17. What is a URL:
o An email address
o The title of a web site
o The address of a page on the World Wide Web
o A communication method between computers and printers
18. Which media holds more information?
o Floppy diskette
o DVD
o CD-ROM
o Zip drive
19. Which one is an email address:
o http://vianet.com/index.htm
o D:\\Email\Standard
o [email protected]
o Chaminade.org/teachers/mailaddresses

20. CPU means (1 point)

o Central Processing Unit
o Controlled Program Utilization
o Computer Programming Unit
o Computerized Processing Unit

21. Computers use a special code for representing letters and numbers,
known as the(1 point)
o processing code
o binary code
o CRX code
o integrated code
22. The main circuit board in the computer that connects the parts of the
computer is the (1 point)
o hard drive
o motherboard
o fatherboard
o main board
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23. The part of the computer that processes the information is the (1 point)
o floppy disk
o CD-ROM drive
o monitor
o microprocessor
24. Which of these is not an example of an input device? (1 point)
o keyboard
o mouse
o hard drive
o scanner
25. Processing speed in computers is measured in (1 point)
o millivolts (mV)
o hertz (Hz)
o megahertz (MHz)
o rpm's
26. External devices such as printers and scanners plug into in the back
of thecomputer. (1 point)
o RX-5's
o expansion slots
o outlets
o ports
27. Windows is (1 point)
o a kind of operating system.
o a graphics display device.
o a monitor display system.
o a video game.

28. To "boot a computer" means to (1 point)

o add extra drives.
o turn on the sound.
o turn it on.
o throw it out - it's outdated.
29. The hard drive in the computer is usually (1 point)
o Drive A.
o Drive B.
o Drive C.
o Drive H.
30. A "byte" is (1 point)
o found in the upper right corner of a window screen.
o a group of 8 bits of code.
o the capacity of a sound card.
o the part that moves on a disk drive.

31. When you click SAVE on the monitor, and there is no floppy disk in a drive,
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the document or application you're using is stored (1 point)

o on the RAM chips.
o on the CD-ROM drive.
o in ROM memory.
o on the hard drive.
32. Pictures on the display screen (monitor) are made up of (1 point)
o pixels.
o layers of color.
o bits.
o video "packets"
33. Temporary memory is called (1 point)
o RAM
o CAD
o DOS
o ROM

34. Which of these is not one of the three main functions of a

microprocessor? (1point)
o fetch
o store
o decode
o execute
35. Which of these is not an example of computer hardware? (1 point)
o video card
o mouse
o CD-ROM drive
o Windows

36. To "debug" the system means to (1 point)

o clean it.
o find and correct errors.
o decode it.
o set up icons.
37. A megabyte is (1 point)
o 1,000 bytes
o 1 byte
o 1 million bytes
o 1 trillion bytes
38. Formatting a disk means (1 point)
o installing an operating system on it.
o setting up sections on the disk to store the files in.
o cleaning the disk from any dust contaminates.
o programming the disk so data on it can't be erased.
39. A system that connects individual computers together is a(n) (1 point)
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o operating system.
o network.
o tape drive system.
o partnered path.
40. When you use a PC, you are using a (1 point)
o programmable console.
o powered calculating machine.
o personal computer.
o processing contraption.
41. VDU stands for:
o Video Display Unit
o Visible Display Unit
o Visual Display Unit
o Video Diode Unit

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