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2.3.5 Practice - Atomic Structure (Practice)

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20 views11 pages

2.3.5 Practice - Atomic Structure (Practice)

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55451
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Question 1: Laws of Conservation of Matter and Energy (2

points)

a. Law of conservation of matter

i. What does the law say about matter?

ii. What about matter can change and what does not change,
according to the law?

b. Law of conservation of energy

i. What does the law say about energy?

ii. What about energy can change and what does not change,
according to the law?
Question 2: Phases of Matter (2 points)

a. What are the four states, or phases, of matter? Describe the shape
and volume properties of each phase. Can they change, or are they
fixed?

i. _______________________

Shape:

Volume:

ii. _______________________

Shape:

Volume:

iii. _______________________

Shape:

Volume:

iv. _______________________

Shape:

Volume:
b. When heat energy is absorbed by matter, the matter's temperature
increases. When heat energy is released by matter, the matter's
temperature decreases. The matter can also change from one phase to
another when heat energy is absorbed or released. Identify whether
matter absorbs heat or releases heat as each of the following phase
changes occur.

i. From solid to liquid (melting)

ii. From liquid to solid (freezing or hardening)

iii. From liquid to gas (evaporation)

iv. From gas to liquid (condensation)

Question 3: Types of Energy (4 points)

a. List four kinds of energy. Give a brief definition of each.

i. ______________________________________________________________

ii. ______________________________________________________________

iii. ______________________________________________________________

iv. ______________________________________________________________
b. Energy can change from one form to another. Describe the
energy conversions in the following scenes.

i. A kid falling out of a tree

ii. A scout rubbing sticks together to start a fire

iii. A man running a kerosene heater

c. What is the equation for calculating gravitational potential energy


on the Earth?

d. What is the equation for calculating kinetic energy?

Question 4: Progression of the Atomic Theory (2 points)


a. Match the following scientist with his experiment or contribution.

J. J. Thomson
Albert Einstein
Niels Bohr
Ernest Rutherford
John Dalton
Robert Millikan

___________________ Oil-drop experiment

___________________ Atomic theory

___________________ Cathode ray experiment

___________________ Model of the atom

___________________ Gold-foil experiment

___________________ Photoelectric effect

b. Match the following scientist with his understanding of the atom.

J. J. Thomson
Albert Einstein
Niels Bohr
Ernest Rutherford
John Dalton
Robert Millikan

___________________ Matter made of indivisible atoms

___________________ Atoms contain negatively charged particles

___________________ Measured the charge of an electron


___________________ Atoms contain mostly empty space

___________________ Atoms contain nuclei with electrons orbiting

___________________ Light exists as photon packets; one photon can


remove one electron from an atom

Question 5: The Periodic Table (10 points)

a. Who made the first periodic table?

b. On the periodic table, what three pieces of information are given


about every element?

i. ___________________________

•. Where is it written?

•. What information does it give?

ii. ___________________________

•. Where is it written?
•. What information does it give?

iii. ___________________________

•. Where is it written?

•. What information does it give?

c. What are isotopes?

d. What are ions?


e. What are valence electrons, and why are they important?

f. What is significant about the elements within the same group of


the periodic table?

g. What is significant about the elements within the same period of


the periodic table?

h. Match the following families with their properties. There are two
properties for each family.

A. Alkali metals
B. Alkaline earth metals
C. Halogens
D. Noble gases

______ Very reactive nonmetals

______ 8 valence electrons

______ 1 valence electron

______ Reactive metals

______ 2 valence electrons

______ 7 valence electrons

______ Very little reactivity

______ Very reactive metals

i. What three families are found in the center portion of the periodic
table?

1. _________________________

2. _________________________

3. _________________________

Question 6: Using the Periodic Table (5 points)

a. An atom has a mass number of 19 and an atomic number of 9. What


element is it? What is its symbol? How many protons, neutrons, and
electrons does it have?
b. Hydrogen has one proton in its nucleus but exists as three
isotopes. One isotope has no neutrons, one has one neutron, and
one has two neutrons. How would they be identified using isotope
notation?

c. Sodium chloride, table salt, forms ions when dissolved. Sodium


(Na) loses one electron. Chloride (Cl) gains one electron. What are
the charges on the two ions?

d. Would beryllium (Be) or sodium (Na) have properties more similar


to magnesium (Mg)? Why?

e. Does beryllium (Be) or sodium (Na) have the same inside electron
arrangement as magnesium (Mg)? Why?
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2.3.5 Practice: Atomic Structure

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