Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

Chapter 3-Approximation of Estimation

Steps to rounding off
Step 1: Under line the required digit in place value.
Step 2: Circle the next digit on its right, If it is 5 or more then add 1.
Step 3: Put zero in the required place as a place holder.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

4 or lower than 5 or higher than

in the same raise it higher (+1)

Ex. 3A – Page no. 62

1. Round off 698352 to the nearest
a. 100
+1
698352=698400

b. 1000
+1
698352=698000

c. 10,000
+1
6 9 8 3 5 2 = 7 0 0, 0 0 0

2. Correct 45.7395 to
a) 1 decimal place,
45. 7 3 9 5 = 45.7

b) the nearest whole number,

45. 7 3 9 5 = 46

c) 3 decimal places.
45. 7 3 9 5 = 45.740
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

Extra Question
Q) Correct 96.482 to
a) 1 decimal place,
96. 4 8 2 = 96.5

b) the nearest whole number,

96. 4 8 2 = 96

c) 2 decimal place.
96. 4 8 2 = 96.48

Ex. 3A – Page no. 62

3. The dimensions of a rectangular plot of land 28.3m by 53.7m. Find.
i) the perimeter of the land, correct to the nearest 10m.
L= 53.7 m
B = 28.3 m

Statements:
Length of the rectangular plot of land = 53.7 m
Breadth of the rectangular plot of land = 28.3 m
Perimeter = 2 x (L+B)
1 1
P = 2 x (53.7 + 28.3) 53.7
P = 2 x (82) + 28.3
Perimeter = 164 m 82.0
correctly to the nearest 10 m
164 = 160 m
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

ii) the area of the grass needed to fill up the entire plot of land, correct to the nearest 100 m².
L= 53.7 m
B = 28.3 m

Statements:
Length of the rectangular plot of land = 53.7 m 1
2 5
Breadth of the rectangular plot of land = 28.3 m 1 2
53.7
Area = L x B
x 28.3
A = 53.7 x 28.3 161.1
1
A = 1519.71 m² 4296.0
+ 10740.0
correctly to the nearest 100 m²
1519.71
1 5 1 9 .71 = 1500 m²

4. Round Off
a) 4.918 m to the nearest 0.1m,
4. 918 m = 4.9 m [ 0.l = 1 decimal place ]

b) 9.71 cm to the nearest cm

+1
9. 7 1 cm = 10 cm [ nearest cm = whole number ]

c) $ 10.982 to the nearest ten cents

0.1
1 $ = 100 cents 10 10
- 0
ten cents = 10 = 1 = 0.1 dollars 10
+1 100 10 - 10
$ 10. 9 8 2 = $ 11 [ 0.1 dollars = 1 decimal place ] 00

0.01
d) 6.489 kg to the nearest 1 kg 100 100
100 - 0
1 kg = 0.01 kg 10
100 - 0
6. 4 8 9 kg = 6.49 kg [ 0.01 = 2 decimal place ] 100
- 100
000
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

Ex. 3b – Page no. 70

Rules to identify digits which are significant:
* All non-zero digits are significant.
eg. 7359 (4 s.f)

* All zeros between non-zero digits are significant.

eg. 507 (3 s. f), 1.099 (4 s.f)

* In a decimal, all zeros after a non-zero digit are significant.

eg. 0.10 (2 s.f), 1.304 (4 s.f)

* In a decimal, all zeros before a non-zero digit are not significant.

eg. 0.021 (2 s.f)

* In whole numbers, the zeros at the end may or may not be Significant. It depends on how
the
numbers are approximated.
eg. 6000 (1, 2, 3, 4 s.f) 2500 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 s.f )

Ex. 3b – Page no. 70

1. State the number of significant figures in each of the following.
a) 39018
39018 = 5 s.f

b) 0.028030
0.028030 = 5 s.f

c) 2900
2900 = 3 s.f
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

2. Round off each of the following. to the number of significant figures as given in brackets.
a) 728 (2 s.f)
+1
7 2 8 = 730

b) 503.88 (4 s.f)
+1
503.8 8 = 503.9

c) 0.0030185 (4 s.f)
+1
0.00301 8 5 = 0.003019

d) 6396 (2 s.f and 3 s.f)

+1
6 3 9 6 = 6400
+1
6 3 9 6 = 6400

e) 9.9999 (3 s.f)
+1
9.9 9 9 9 = 10.000 or 10

f) 8.076 (3 s.f)
+1
8.0 7 6 = 8.08
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

Chapter 4 - Basic Algebra and algebraic manipulation

* An expression that consists of algebraic terms, operation symbols (+, -, ÷, x) or brackets
is known as algebraic expression.

* An algebraic expression has no e equal sign (=).

* In algebra, letters are used to represent numbers these letters are known as variables
and they can be used to represent any number.

* In algebra, like terms are terms that have the same variables. eg. 2x and 5x.
When two terms are not like terms, they are known as unlike terms. eg. 2x and 2y.

* In algebra, we use symbols like x, y, a² and xy to represent numbers.

* The linear expression 3x - 4y + 5 consist of 3 terms 3x, -4y and 5.

The coefficients The variables The consist
are 3 and -4 are x and y is 5

* Evaluate an algebraic expression means finding the value of the expression when the
variables take on a certain value.

* We add or subtract the like terms by adding or subtracting the coefficients. We don't
add or subtract the coefficient of unlike terms.
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

Ex. 4A – Page no. 90

1. Write down an algebraic expression for each of the following statements.
a) Add 5y to the product of a and b.
Add: Sum
(a) x (b) + 5y
Multiply: product
ab + 5y
Subtract: difference

b) Subtract 3 from the cube of F.

f³-3

c) Multiply k by 6q.
(k) x (6q) = 6 kq

d) Divided 2w by 3xy.
2w ÷ 3xy or 2w
3xy

e) Subtract 4 times the positive square root of z from thrice of x.

3x – 4 √ z

f) Twice of the variable p divided by the product of 5 and q.

2 p ÷ (5) x (q) = 2p ÷ 5q or 2p
5q

Ex. 4A – Page no. 90

2. Given that x = 6 and y = - 4, Evaluate each of the following expressions.
a) 4x - 7y
Put the values of x = 6, y = - 4
4 x (6) – 7 x (- 4)
= 24 + 28 = 52
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

b) 5x + x
3y
Put the values of x = 6, y = - 4
5 x (6)) + 6
3 x (- 4)

30 % 6 simplify
+6
- 12 % 6

5 +6
-2 1

Take LCM

-2x1=-2

5 + 6 x-2
-2 1 x-2
3
5 - 12 = - 7 2 7
-2 -2 -6
1
=3 1
2

c) 2 x² - y³
Put the values of x = 6 , y = - 4
2 x (6)² - (- 4)³
2 x (6) (6) - [ (- 4) (- 4) (- 4) ]
+ 16
- 64
= 72 - (- 64)
= 72 + 64 = 136
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

d) 3 x + x - y²
y
Put the values of x = 6 , y = - 4

3 x (6) + 6 - (- 4)² expand

-4

18 + 6 - [ (-4) (-4) ]
-4 +16

18 + 6 - 16
-4

18 - 16 + 6
-4

2+6 %2
-4 %2

2 3
+
1 -2

Take LCM

1x-2=-2

2 x-2 + 3
1 x-2 - 2

-4+3= -1=1
-2 -2 2

Ex. 4A – Page no. 90

3. Given that a = 3 , b = - 5 and c = 6 , Evaluate each of the following expressions.
a) a (3c-b)
"Put the values of a" = 3 , b = - 5 , c = 6
= 3 (3 (6) - (- 5))
= 3 (18 + 5)
= 3 (23) = 69
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

b) ab² - ac
"Put the values of a" = 3 , b = - 5 , c = 6
(3) x (- 5)² - (3) (6)
(3) x (-5) x (-5) - (3) (6)
= 75 - 18 = 57

c) b - c
a- b

"Put the values of a" = 3 , b = - 5 , c = 6

-5 - -6
3 -5

"Take LCM = 3 x - 5 = -15

- 5 x-5 6 x3
-
3 x-5 - 5 x3

25 - 18 = 7 = - 7
- 15 - 15 15

d) b + c + a + c
a b

"Put the values of a" = 3 , b = 5 , c = 6

(- 5) + (6) + (3) + (6)

3 -5

1 + 9
3 -5
-
Take LCM : 3 x - 5 = - 15

1 x5 9 x3
+
3 x5 - 5 x3
1
- 5 + 27 = 22 = - 22 15 22 = -1 7
- 15 - 15 15 - 15 15
07
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

4. Simplify each of the following expressions.

a) 5x + 22 - 6x - 23
5x + 22 - 6x - 23 (group like terms)
5x - 6x + 22 - 23
= - 1x - 1

b) x + 3y + 6y + 4x
x + 3y + 6x + 4x (group like terms)
1x + 4x +3y + 6y
= 5x + 9y

c) 6xy + 13x - 2yx - 5x

6xy + 13x - 2yx - 5x (group like terms)
6xy – 2yx + 13x – 5x
= 4xy + 8x

d) 6x - 20y + 7z - 8x + 25y - 11z

6x - 20y + 7z - 8x + 25y - 11z (group like terms)
6x - 8x - 20y + 25y + 7z - 11z
= - 2x + 5y - 4z

5. Find the sum of each of the following expressions.

a) 2x + 4y , - 5y b) - b - 4a , 7b - 6a
2x + 4y - 1b - 4a
0 - 5y 7b - 6a
2x - 1y 6b - 10a

c) 6d – 4c , -7c + 6d d) 3pq - 6hk , -3qp + 14kh

6d - 4c 3pq - 6hk
+ 6d - 7c - 3qp +14kh
+ 12d - 11c 0 + 8hk
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

Ex. 4B – Page no. 97

1. Expand each of the following expressions.
a) - (x + 5) -x+x=-x
+x+=+
-x-5 -x+5=-5 -x-=+
-x+=-
+x-=-
b) - (4 - x) -x+4=-4
-4+x - x - x = +x

c) 2 (3y + 7) 2 x 3y = 6y
6y + 14 2 x 7 = 14

d) 8 (2y - 5) 8 x 2y = 16y
16y - 40 8 x - 5 = - 40

e) 8 (3a - 4b) 8 x 3a = 24a

24a - 32b 8 x - 4b = - 32b

f) - 3 (c + 6) - 3 x c = - 3c
- 3c - 18 - 3 x +6 = - 18

g) - 4 (d - 6) - 4 x d = - 4d
- 4d + 24 - 4 x – 6 = + 24

h) 2a (x - y) 2a x x = 2ax
2ax - 2ay 2a x - y = - 2ay
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

Ex. 4B – Page no. 97

2. Expand and simplify each of the following expressions.
a) 5 (a + 2b) - 3b b) 7 (p + 10q) + 2 (6p + 7q)
5a + 10b - 3b 7p + 70q + 12p + 14q
5a + 7b 7p + 12p + 70q + 14q
19p + 84q

c) a + 3b - (5a - 4b) d) x + 3 (2x - 3y + z) + 7z

a + 3b -5a + 4b (group like term) x + 6x - 9y + 3z + 7z
a - 5a + 3b + 4b 7x - 9y + 10z
- 4a +7 b

3. Khairul is x years old. Khairul's uncle is 4 times as old as Khairul will be in

5 years. Find the present age of Khairul's uncle.
1. Khairul's age = x years old.
2. Khairul's uncles age = 4 (x + 5)
Uncle's Present age = 4x + 20

4. A pear costs x cents. An orange costs y cents less than a pear. Find the cost of 4 pears
and half a dozen oranges.
Solution:
1. Cost of a pear = x cents
2. Cost of an orange = x - y cents
Cost of 4 pears = 4 x (x) = 4x cents
Cost of half dozen oranges = 6 x (x - y) = 6x - 6y
Total cost = 4x + 6x - 6y
= 10x – 6y
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

Ex. 4B – Page no. 97

6. Expand and simplify each of the following expressions.
a) 4u - 3 (2u - 5v)
4u - 6u + 15v
- 2u + 15v

b) - 2a - 3 (a - b)
- 2a - 3a + 3b
- 5a + 3b

e) - 4 (a - 3b) - 5 (a - 3b)
- 4a + 12b - 5a + 15b group like terms
- 4a - 5a + 12b + 15b
- 9a + 27b

g) x + y - 2 (3x - 4y + 3)
x + y - 6x + 8y - 6 group like terms
1x - 6x + 1y + 8y - 6
- 5x + 9y – 6

i) 9 (2a + 4b - 7c) - 4 (b - c) - 7 (-c - 4b)

18a + 36b - 63c - 4b + 4c + 7c + 28b group lie terms
18a + 36b - 4b + 28b - 63c + 4c + 7c
18a + 32b + 28b - 63c + 11c
18a + 60b - 52c
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

Ex. 4B – Page no. 97

7. Subtract
a) - 6x - 3 from 2x – 5 b) 6x - y + 5z from 10x - 2y + z
2x - 5 10x - 2y + 1z
- 6x - 3 - 6x +- 1y +- 5z
+ +
8x - 2 + 4x - 1y - 4z

c) 8p + 9q - 5rs from -4p - 4q + 15sr

- 4p - 4q +15sr

- 8p +- 9q -+5sr
- 12p - 13q + 20sr

d) 8a - 3b + 5c - 4d From 10a - b - 4c - 8d
10a - 1b - 4c - 8d

- 8a +- 3b -+ 5c +- 4d
+2a + 2b - 9c - 4d

8. Expand and simplify each of the following expressions.

a) - 2 3a - 4 a - (2 + a)
-2 3a - 4 1a - 2 – 1a sub - 1a + 1a = 0
-2 3a - 4 - 2
-2 3a + 8
- 6a - 16

b) 5 3c - d – 2 (c + d)
5 3c - 1d - 2c - 2d sub - 2d + 1d = - 1d
5 3c - - 1d – 2c
5 3c + 1d + 2c
5 5c + 1d
25c + 5d
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

Ex. 4C – Page no. 101

1. Simplify each of the following expressions.
a) 1 x + 1 y - 1 x - 1 y (group like terms)
4 5 6 10

1x-1x +1y- 1 y
4 6 5 10

Take LCM:

2 4,6
2 2,3 2 x 2 x 3 = 12 x
3 1,3
1,1

5 5 , 10
2 1,2 5 x 2 = 10 y
1,1

1 x x3 x + 1x 2 x + 1x 2 y - 1 x 1 y
4x 3 6x 2 5x 2 10 x 1

3x - 2x + 2y - 1y
12 10

1x + 1
y
12 10
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

b) 2 a - 1 b + 2 a - 3 b (group like terms)

3 7 5

2a+2a -1b- 3b
3 1 7 5

Take LCM:
3x1=3 a / 7 x 5 = 35 b

2x 1 a + 2 x 3 a - 1x 5 b - 3 x 7 b
3x 1 1x 3 7x 5 5x 7

2a + 6a - 5b – 21b
3 35

8 a - 26
b
3 35

2. Expand and simplify each of the following expressions.

a) 5a + 4b - 3c - [ 2a - 3b + 3c ]
2 2

5a + 4b - 3c - 2a + 3b - 3c (group like terms)

2 2

[ 5a - 2a ] [ + 4b + 3b ] [ - 3c - 3c ] (group like terms)

2 2

Take LCM: 1x2=2 b / 1x2=2 c

3a + 4 x 2 b + 3 x 1 b - 3x 2 c - 3 x 1 c
1x 2 2x 1 1x 2 2x 1

3a 8b + 3b - 6c – 3c
2 2

3a + 11 b - 9 c
2 2
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

b) 1 [ 2x + 2 (x - 3) ]
2

1 [ 2x + 2x - 6 ]
2

1 [ 4x - 6 ]
2
2 3
1 ( 4x ) - 1 ( 6 )
21 21

1 ( 2x ) - 1 ( 3 )
2x - 3

c) 2 [ 12p - (5 + 2p) ]
5

2 [ 12p – 5 – 2p ]
5

2 [ 10 p - 5 ]
5
2 1
2 ( 10 p ) - 2 ( 5 )
51 51

2 ( 2p ) - 2 ( 1 )

4p - 2
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

d) 1 [ 8x + 10 - 6 (1 - 4x) ]
2

1 [ 8x + 10 – 6 + 24x ]
2

1 [ 32x + 4 ]
2
16 2
1 ( 32 x ) + 1 ( 4 )
21 21

1 ( 16x ) + 1 ( 2 )

16x + 2

3. Express each of the following as fraction in its simplest forms.

a) x + 2x
2 5

Find LCM: 2 x 5 = 10
x x 5 + 2x x 2
2x 5 5 x2

5x + 4x = 9 x
10 10 10

b) a - a
3 4

Find LCM: 4 x 3 = 12
ax 4 - a x3
3x 4 4 x3

4a - 3a = 1 a
12 12 12
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

e) 4x + 1 + 3x - 1
5 2

Find LCM: 5 x 2 = 10

(4x + 1) x 2 + (3x – 1) x 5
5x2 2x5

8x + 2 + 15x - 5
10

8x + 15x + 2 - 5
10

23x - 3
10

f) 3y - 1 - 2y - 3
4 6

Find LCM:
2 4,6
2 2,3
3 1,3
1,1
2 x 3 x 2 = 12

(3y - 1) x 3 - (2y – 3) x 2
4 x3 6 x2

9y - 3 - 4y + 6
12

9y - 4y - 3 + 6 = 5y + 3
12 12
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

4. Factories each of the following expression.

a) 12 x - 9
12 - 9
3x4 3x3

3 (4x - 3)

b) - 25y - 35
- 25 - 35
5x5 5x7

- 5 (5y + 7)

c) 27b - 36 by
27 - 36
9x3 9x4

9b (3 - 4y)

d) 8ax + 12a - 4az

8 + 12 - 4
4x2 4x3 4x1

4a (2x + 3 - 1z)

e) 4m - 6my – 18mz
4 - 6 - 18
2x2 2x3 2x9

2m (2 – 3y - 9z)
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

Chapter 9 - Ratio
Rate, Time and speed
* Ratio: A ratio is used to compare two or more quantities of the same kind, which are
measured in the same unit.
* The ratio of a is to b, where a and b represent two quantities of the same kind, and b ≠ 0,
is written as a:b.
* Rate is a comparison of two quantities of different kinds.
* A ratio has no units.

Ex. 9A - Page no. 212

1. Simplify each of the following ratios.
a) 1.5 kg : 350 g
1 kg = 1000 g
1.5 x 1000 g : 350 g
10

15 x 100 : 350

1500 : 350 divide by 10

10 10

150 : 35 divide its by 5

5 5

30 g : 7 g

b) 15 : 9 cross multiply
24 7

(15) (7) : (24) (9)

105 : 216 divide by 3

3 3

35 : 72
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

c) 0.45 : 0.85
0.45 x 100 : 0.85 x 100
45 : 85 divide by 5
5 5

9 : 17

d) 580 ml : 1.12 L : 104 ml

1 litre = 1000 ml

580 ml : 1.12 x 1000 ml : 104 ml

100

580 : 112 x 10 : 104

580 : 1120 : 104 divide by 2

2 2 2

290 : 560 : 52 divide by 2

2 2 2

145 ml : 280 ml : 26 ml

e) 2 : 3 : 5
3 2 8

Find LCM: 2 3,2,8

2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 24 2 3,1,4

8 12 3
2 3,1,2
2 x 24 : 3 x 24 : 5 x 24 3 3,1,1
31 21 8 1
1,1,1
2 x 8 : 3 x 12 : 5 x 3

16 : 36 : 15
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

f) 0.33 : 0.63 : 1.8

0.33 : 0.63 : 1.8

100 100 10

33 : 63 : 18
100 100 10

Find LCM: 5 100 , 100 , 10

5 x 2 x 5 x 2 = 100 2 20 , 20 , 2
5 10 , 10 , 1
33 x 100 : 63 x 100 : 18 x 100
2 2,2,1
100 100 10
1,1,1
33 : 63 : 18 x 10

33 : 63 : 180 divide by 3
3 3 3

11 : 21 : 60

2.
a) Find the value of a if a : 400 = 6 : 25.
a : 400 = 6 : 25
a = 6
400 25 + -
- +
25 a = 2400 ( x ÷) x ÷
÷ x

a = 2400
25

a = 96
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

b) Given that 5b : 8 = 2 : 5 , find the value of b

5b : 8 = 2 : 5

5b = 2
8 5

(5b) (5) = (8) (2)

25 x b = 16 ( x ÷)

b = 16
25

3. Given that (2x) = (3y) find the ratio of x : y

5 8

2x = 3y
5 8

(2x) (8) = (3y) (5)

16 x = 15 x y (x ÷)

16x = 15
y

x = 15
y 16

x : y = 15 : 16
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

4. Given that a : b : c = 75 : 120 : 132,

a) Simplify a : b : c

75 : 120 : 132 divide by 3

3 3 3

25 : 40 : 44

b) Find b : a

120 : 75 divide by 5
5 5

24 : 15 divide by 3
3 3

8:5

c) Find b : c

120 : 132 divide by 3

3 3

40 : 44 divide by 4
4 4

10 : 11
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

5. There are 14 boys and 25 girls in a school badminton team. Find the ratio of.
i) The number of boys to the number of girls.
Number of boys in the badminton team = 14
Number of girls in the badminton team = 25
Total number of players in the team = 14 + 25 = 39
boys : girls
14 : 25

ii) Number of girls to the total number of players in the team.

Number of boys in the badminton team = 14
Number of girls in the badminton team = 25
Total number of players in the team = 14 + 25 = 39
girls : Total players
25 : 39

Simplify:
b) 2 : 5 cross multiply
a) 1.6 kg : 600 g 3 6
1 kg = 1000 g
(2) (6) : (3) (5)
1.6 x 1000 g : 600 g
10
12 : 15 divide by 3
16 x 100 : 600 3 3

1600 : 600 divide by 10 4:5

10 10

160 : 60 divide its by 5

5 5

32 : 12 divide its by 4
4 4

8g:3g
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

6. A total of 3600 athletes participated in the 2010 Singa Youth Olympic games. There were
1200 media representatives who reported on the games, 20,000 volunteers who helped out
during the games and 370,000 Spectators who attended the games. Find the ratio of.

Number of athletes in the game = 3600

Number of media representatives in the game = 1200
Number of volunteers in the game = 20,000
Number of spectators in the game: 370,000

i) The number of athletes to the number of volunteers.

athletes : volunteers

3600 : 20,000 divide by 100

100 100

36 : 200 divide by 2
2 2

18 : 100 divide by 2
2 2

9 : 50

ii) The number of media representatives to the number of athletes to the number of spectators.
media representative : athlete : spectators

1200 : 3600 : 370,000 divide by 100

100 100 100

12 : 36 : 3700 divide by 2
2 2 2

6 : 18 : 1850 divide by 2
2 2 2

3 : 9 : 925
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

Chapter 11 - Triangles Quadrilaterals and polygons

Classification of Triangles.
Name Definition Figure
1. Equilateral Triangle A triangle with 3 equal sides and
angles. (i.e, 60° each)
2. Isosceles Triangle A triangle with 2 equal sides and
angles.
3. Scalene Triangle A triangle with no equal sides and
no equal angles.

* The sum of interior angles of a triangle is 180°.

* An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite angles.

Ex. 11A - Page no. 266

1. For each of the following given the sizes of < A and < B, sketch ABC Find < C and hence
classify each triangle according to the number of equal sides it has, and the types of angles it
has (eg, equilateral triangle and acute angled triangle).

a) ∠ A = 20°, ∠ B = 60°
∠C=? A
The sum of angles in a triangle = 180° 20°

∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°
20° + 60° + ∠ C = 180° B 60° ? C
80° + ∠ C = 180° ( + -)
∠ C = 180° - 80°
∠ C = 100°
Scalene , obtuse - angled
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

b) ∠ A = 70°, ∠ B = 40°
∠C=? A
Sum of angles in a triangle = 180° 70°

∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°
70° + 40° + ∠ C = 180° B 40° ? C
110° + ∠ C = 180° ( + -)
∠ C = 180° - 110°
∠ C = 70°
Isosceles , Acute angled

c) ∠ A = 60°, ∠ B = 60°
∠C=? A
Sum of angles in a triangle = 180° 60°

∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°
60° + 60° + ∠ C = 180° B 60° ? C
120° + ∠ C = 180° ( + -)
∠ C = 180° - 120°
∠ C = 60°
Equilateral , Acute angled

d) ∠ A = 42°, ∠ B = 48°
∠C=? A
Sum of angles in a triangle = 180° 42°

∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°
42° + 48° + ∠ C = 180° B 48° ? C
90° + ∠ C = 180° ( + -)
∠ C = 180° - 90°
∠ C = 90°
Scalene , Right angled
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

2. For each of the following, the given angle is the base of an isosceles triangle. Find the
third angle of the triangle.

a) 40°
∠ A = ∠ B = 40° (because 2 sides are equal in an isosceles )
∠C=?
Sum of angles in a triangle = 180°
∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°
40° + 40° + ∠ C = 180°
80° + ∠ C = 180° ( + -)
∠ C = 180° - 80°
∠ C = 100°

b) 87°
∠ A = ∠ B = 87° (because 2 sides are equal in an isosceles )
∠C=?
Sum of angles in a triangle = 180°
∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°
87° + 87° + ∠ C = 180°
174° + ∠ C = 180° ( + -)
∠ C = 180° - 174°
∠ C = 6°

c) 15°
∠ A = ∠ B = 15° (because 2 sides are equal in an isosceles )
∠C=?
Sum of angles in a triangle = 180°
∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°
15° + 15° + ∠ C = 180°
30° + ∠ C = 180° ( + -)
∠ C = 180° - 30°
∠ C = 150°
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

d) 79°
∠ A = ∠ B = 79° (because 2 sides are equal in an isosceles )
∠C=?
Sum of angles in a triangle = 180°
∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°
79° + 79° + ∠ C = 180°
158° + ∠ C = 180° ( + -)
∠ C = 180° - 158°
∠ C = 22°

Ex. 11A - Page no. 266

3. Find the value of the unknown in each of the following figures.

a) C a° B
90°

39°

∠ A = 39°
∠ B = 90°
∠ C = a°
Sum of angles in a triangle = 180°
∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°
39° + 90° + a° = 180°
129° + a° = 180° ( + -)
a° = 180° - 129°
a° = 51°
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

b) B
2b°

C 64° 68°

A
∠ A = 68° ∠ B = 2b° ∠ C = 64°
Sum of angles in a triangle = 180°
∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°
68° + 2b° + 64° = 180°
132° + 2b° = 180° ( + -)
2b° = 180° - 132°
2b° = 48° (x ÷)

b° = 48°
2

b° = 24°

c) B

3c°
C 40°

4c°

A
∠ A = 4c° ∠ B = 3c° ∠ C = 40°
Sum of angles in a triangle = 180°
∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°
4c° + 3c° + 40° = 180°
7c° + 40° = 180° ( + -)
7c° = 180° - 40°
7c° = 140° (x ÷)

c° = 140°
7 c° = 20°
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

d) C
d°

4d° B

3d°

A
∠ A = 3d°
∠ B = 4d°
∠ C = d°
Sum of angles in a triangle = 180°
∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°
3d° + 4d° + d° = 180°
8d° = 180° (x ÷)
d° = 180°
8

d° = 22.5°

e) C

e° B
62°

A
∠ A = 62°
∠ B = e°
∠ C = 62° ( because 2 sides are equal in an isosceles )
Sum of angles in a triangle = 180°
∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°
62° + e° + 62° = 180°
124° + e° = 180° (+ -)
e° = 180 - 124
e° = 56°
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

f) C

f°

A B

∠A=f°
∠B=f°
∠ C = f ° ( because all 3 sides are equal in a equilateral tringle )
Sum of angles in a triangle = 180°
∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°
1f ° + 1f ° + 1f ° = 180°
3f ° = 180° (x ÷)
f ° = 180°
3

f ° = 60°

5. If the sizes of the angles of a triangle are 3x°, 4x° and 5x°, find the smallest angle of the triangle.
In ABC A
∠ A = 3x° 3x°

∠ B = 4x°
4x° 5x°
∠ C = 5x° B C
Sum of angles in a triangle = 180°
∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°
3x° + 4x° + 5x° = 180°
12x° = 180° (x ÷)

x° = 180°
12

x° = 15
The smallest angle = 3x°
= 3 x (15)
= 45°
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

Chapter 6 - Functions and Linear Graphs

* A Cartesian plane: consists of two axis - the x - axis and the y - axis - intersecting at right
angles at the origin 0 (0,0).

* The coordinates of a point p in the cartesian plane are (x , y), where x is the x-coordinate
and y is the y-coordinate of the point.

* A function is a relationship between two variables x and y such that every input x
produces exactly one output y.

Ex. 6A – Page no. 144

1. Write down the coordinates of each point shown in the figure.

(-2 , 4) (3 , 4)

Ans.
A = (-4 , -3)
(4 , 2)
B = (-2 , 4)
(1 , 1) C = (3 , 4)
D = (4 , 2)
E = (1 , 1)
F = (3 , -3)

(-4 , -3) (3 , -3)

Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

Ex. 6A – Page no. 144

2. On a sheet of graph paper, use a scale of 1cm to represent 1 unit to draw the x-axis for
values of x from -3 to 6 and the y-axis for values of y from -2 to 5.
Plot the points A (2, 5), B (1, 2), C (-2, -1), D (6, -2), E (3, -2) and F (-1, 2).

y-axis
5 ----------x A (2 , 5)

------------------------------
4
3
F (-1 , 2) B (1 , 2)
x----2 ------x

--------------
----------
1
x-axis x-axis

------------
------
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

-------
x-----------
-1
C (-2 , -1)
-2 --------------------------------
x x
E (3 , -2) D (6 , -2)

y-axis

5.Plot each set of the given points on a sheet of graph paper. Join the points in order with
straight lines and identify each geometrical shape obtained.

a. (6, 4), (-6, 4), (-6, -4), (6, -4)

y Shape is rectangle
5
(-6 , 4) (6 , 4)
x 4 x
3
2
1
x x
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
-2
-3

x -4 x
(-6 , 4) (6 , -4)
-5

y
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

b. (0, 5), (-6, 0), (0, -5), (6, 0)

y Shape is Rhombus
5 (0 , 5)
x
4
3
2

(-6 , 0) 1 (6 , 0)
x x x x
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5 x (0 , -5)
y

c. (0, 0), (0, 8), (5, 4)

y
8x Shape is isosceles tringle
(0 , 8)
7
6
5
4 x (5 , 4)
3
2
1
(0 , 0)
x 0x 1 2 3 4 5 6
x
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

y
Class 6, 2nd Term, All Math

d. (1, 0), (0, 3), (-1, 4), (-5, -2)

y Shape is Quadrilateral
5

(-1 , 4) x 4
3 x (0 , 3)
2
1
x x(1 , 0) x
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
x -2
(-5 , -2)
-3
-4
-5

e. (5, 2), (-1, 3), (-1, -3), (5, -2)

y Shape is Trapezium
5
4
(-1 , 3) x
3
2 x (5 , 2)
1
x x
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
-2 x(5 , -2)
x
(-1 , -3) -3
-4
-5