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Phys101 Formula Sheet

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dariasong2005
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42 views2 pages

Phys101 Formula Sheet

Uploaded by

dariasong2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYS101 Formula Sheet. Please do not turn in.

Print, annotate (handwritten or 12-pt font size or larger), and bring to your final exam.

General equations
√
2 −b ± b2 − 4ac
Solution to quadratic equation: ax + bx + c = 0 ⇒ x =
2a
Vectors a, b with interior angle θ: a · b = ab cos θ, |a + b|2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab cos θ
opposite side adjacent side
Right triangles: sin θ = hypothenuse
, cos θ = hypothenuse
2
Acceleration due to gravity: g = 9.81 m/s (near Earth’s surface)
Kinematics
Constant acceleration: v = v0 + at, x = x0 + v0 t + 21 at2 , v 2 = v02 + 2a · (x − x0 )
v 2 sin 2θ
Range equation: R =
g
Reference frames: vX rel. to Y = vX rel. to Z + vZ rel. to Y

Dynamics
∆p
Newton’s second law: Fnet = ma =
∆t
Force of friction: Ff r,k = µk F N , Ff r,s ≤ µs FN
Circular motion and gravity
Uniform circular motion velocity: v = ωr, ω = 2π
T
v2 2
Centripetal acceleration and force: aC = = rω ,2
FC = mvr = mrω 2
r 2
v
Banked curve, frictionless surface: tan θ =
rg
Gm1 m2
Force of gravity: F = 2
; G = 6.67×10−11 N m2 /kg2
r
T2 4π 2
Circular orbits around heavy mass M : = , GM = rv 2
r3 GM
Work and energy
Work: W = F · ∆x
Kinetic energy: KE = 21 mv 2
Work-energy theorem: KEinit + Wnet = KEfinal
Extended work-energy principle: KEinit + PEinit + Wnon−cons. = KEfinal + PEfinal
Gravitational PE: PEgrav = mgh (near Earth’s surface)
Elastic PE: PEspring = 21 kx2
Hooke’s law: F = −kx
Power: power = energy/time = W/t
Momentum and collisions
Linear momentum: p = mv
Conservation of momentum: p1,i + p2,i = p1,f + p2,f (isolated system)
Impulse: I = pf − pi = F∆t
m1 x1 + m2 x2 + . . .
Center of mass: xCM =
m1 + m2 + . . .
m1 − m2 2m2 2m1 m2 − m1
1D elastic collision: v1f = v1i + v2i , v2f = v1i + v2i
m1 + m2 m1 + m2 m1 + m2 m1 + m2

1
Rotational motion
Angular motion at constant α: ω = ω0 + αt , θ = θ0 + ω0 t + 21 αt2 , ω 2 = ω02 + 2α (θ − θ0 )
Torque: τ = F⊥ r = F r sin ϕ
∆L
Newton’s second law for rotation: τ = Iα =
∆t
Moment of inertia: I = i mi ri2
P

Rotational kinetic energy: KErot = 12 Iω 2


Angular momentum: L = Iω
Simple harmonic motion
Period and frequency: f = 1/T , ω = 2πf = 2π/T
p p
SHM for a spring and pendulum: ωspring = k/m , ωpendulum = g/L
Maximum x, v, a: xmax = A , vmax = Aω , amax = Aω 2
Sinusoidal motion: x = A cos (ωt + θ0 )
Waves
p
Wave speed: v = f λ , strings: v = FT /µ , light: v = c/n
Standing waves on a string: λm = 2L/m
Refraction: v1 sin θ2 = v2 sin θ1
Interference and diffraction
Two slit interference maxima: d sin θm = mλ (m = ... − 2, −1, 0, 1, 2, ...)
Single slit diffraction minima: w sin θm = mλ (m = ... − 2, −1, 1, 2, ...)
Rayleigh criterion for resolution: θ = 1.22λ/D
Sound
Typical speed of sound in air: vs = 330 m/s   
I A
Sound intensity (decibels): β = 10 log10 = 20 log10
I0 A0
−12 2
Audibility threshold: I0 = 1.0 × 10 W/m
v
Harmonics of open tubes: fm = mf1 = m 2L for m = 1, 2, 3, 4 . . .
v
Harmonics of closed tubes: fm = mf1 = m 4L for m = 1, 3, 5, 7 . . .
Beat frequency: fb = |f1 − f2 |
vwave vwave ± vobs
Doppler shift: f ′ = f , f′ = f
vwave ± vsource vwave
moving source moving observer

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