Scribd
Upload
11 views30 pages

Section 02 Linear Algebra Part - 2

Uploaded by

progmac123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views30 pages

Section 02 Linear Algebra Part - 2

Uploaded by

progmac123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

Linear Algebra

Section 02
Computer Graphics

Dr Adel Khaled
Outline
• Vectors: Cross Product
• Matrices
• Matrix Addition and Scalar Multiplication
• Matrix Properties
• Matrix Multiplication
• Transpose of a Matrix
• Assignment 02
Vectors: Cross Product

Here a and d are called the diagonal elements and b and c are the nondiagonal elements. Thus,
the determinant is the product ad of the diagonal elements minus the product bc of the
nondiagonal elements, but vice versa for the negative of the determinant.
Vectors: Cross Product
Vectors: Cross Product
Vectors: Cross Product
Two important properties of the cross product are contained in the following theorem.
Vectors: Cross Product
The length of the resulting vector is related to sin ϕ:

Note that there are only two possible directions for such a vector. By definition, the vectors in the direction of
the x-, y- and z-axes are given by

and we set as a convention that x × y must be in the plus or minus z direction. The choice is somewhat
arbitrary, but it is standard to assume that
z = x × y.
Vectors: Cross Product

• Because of the sin ϕ property, we also know that a vector cross itself is the zero vector, so x × x = 0 and so
on.
• Note that the cross product is not commutative, i.e., x × y = y × x.
Vectors: Cross Product
if we put x and y on a sidewalk, with x pointing east and y pointing
north, then does z point up to the sky or into the ground? The usual
convention is to have z point to the sky. This is known as a right-
handed coordinate system.

This name comes from the memory scheme of “grabbing” x with


your right palm and fingers and rotating it toward y. The vector z
should align with your thumb.
Vectors: Cross Product
Managing coordinate systems is one of the core tasks of almost any graphics program; the key to this
is managing orthonormal bases.

This involves the use of orthonormal bases, which are essential for defining how objects are positioned
and oriented in a three-dimensional space.
Matrices
A matrix A is a rectangular array of scalars usually presented in the following form:
Matrices

• A matrix with m rows and n columns is called an m by n matrix, written m x n.


• The pair of numbers m and n is called the size of the matrix.
• Two matrices A and B are equal, written A = B, if they have the same size and if
corresponding elements are equal.
• Thus, the equality of two m x n matrices is equivalent to a system of mn equalities, one for
each corresponding pair of elements.
• A matrix with only one row is called a row matrix or row vector, and a matrix with only one
column is called a column matrix or column vector.
Matrix Addition and Scalar Multiplication
Matrix Addition and Scalar Multiplication
Matrix Addition and Scalar Multiplication
Matrix Properties

using (vi) and (viii), we also have


Summation Symbol
Before we define matrix multiplication, it will be instructive to first introduce the summation symbol 
(the Greek capital letter sigma).
Summation Symbol
Summation Symbol
Matrix Multiplication
The product of matrices A and B, written AB, is somewhat complicated. For this reason, we first begin
with a special case
Matrix Multiplication
Matrix Multiplication
Matrix Multiplication
Matrix Multiplication
Transpose of a Matrix
Transpose of a Matrix
Assignment 02

You might also like