ISSN 1816-6075 (Print), 1818-0523 (Online)
Journal of System and Management Sciences
Vol. 13 (2023) No. 3, pp. 90-101
DOI:10.33168/JSMS.2023.0307
SOA Based Integrated System for Small and Medium Enterprises
Using Service Oriented Architecture
Ahmad Nurul Fajar
Information System Management Department, BINUS Graduate Program - Masterof Information
Systems Management, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia
[email protected]Abstract. The purpose of this study is to create SOA Systems for small and medium enterprise (SME) which
is called In-Guide. This system can accommodate SME business people and their customers doing business. It
can act as gateway that can bridge entities in small and medium enterprise ecosystems to request and provided
services. The first step is we collect data from depth interview and observation also to create user requirement
and system design, The second step is create business model. The third step is proposed In-Guide systems layer,
identifying the list of services and SOA systems architecture. The fourth stage, we evaluate the In-Guide based
on SOA systems. The results of this study are user and system requirements for In-Guide systems, business
model, list of back end services, strategic integration landscape, SOA architecture for In-Guide , and evaluation
of In-Guide system. We evaluate the old system and the new system by analyzing the differences before and
after the construction of the new system.
Keywords: SOA, small micro and medium enterprise, In-Guide, Integration Systems
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1. Introduction
The number of SME business actors in Indonesia is increasing and experiencing an increasing trend. This
condition provides a real opportunity for the SME ecosystem in Indonesia to create a new ecosystem that can
help accelerate the increase in the economic welfare of the Indonesian people. This grows business to business,
business to customer, as well as customers to customers who utilize digital transactions in this ecosystem.
Business growth in SMEs in Indonesia shows a positive trend. This trend creates opportunities for business
entities to collaborate and synergize. This requires efficient and effective integration of data, business processes
and information. However, on the other hand, limitations on operational costs and knowledge of information
technology are important things to overcome. Meanwhile, the potential for SMEs in Indonesia is potential that
can be optimized to improve and grow business activities quickly and precisely One of the SME's domains is
tourism and the creative industry. Small Micro and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia plays a very important
role. in Economy because of IT contributions. The lack of small micro and medium enterprises in Indonesia
are attractions and recreation places publications. Increasing in Indonesia’s foreign tourist, increasing in small
and medium enterprise growth. The benefit of align with government effort is can escalate economic growth
Align with government effort can be taken with digitalized small and medium enterprise in Indonesia. As we
know, the strength are Cooperate with small and medium enterprise government, support local business,
complete guidance to explore Indonesia, complete information about tourist destination in Indonesia. The
weakness are provide only few option of transportation booking, dependence on government’s database to
small medium and enterprise information. The opportunities are growth of small medium enterprise in
Indonesia, increase amount of tourists, no big competition in terms of handling information about small and
medium enterprise properly. The treats are new entrants of similar application, takes time to get government
permit to grant access to database. The need for an integrated system for SMEs is important to solve supply
chain problems. One of the problems in the tourism sector is the unavailability of complete, valid and
comprehensive information. Utilization of information technology in the SME sector in Indonesia has not been
maximized. Business activities are still carried out conventionally. Although some SMEs have implemented
information technology, they have not fully and comprehensively implemented business processes. Business
processes in the tourism sector in Indonesia require system support that can provide valid information quickly.
This is because the tourism sector in Indonesia is very promising to improve the nation's economy. Foreign and
domestic tourist visits can be optimized to enjoy tourist attractions, attend events, and try Indonesian culinary
delights by presenting an integrated system platform. Increasing foreign and domestic tourist arrivals is a target
and priority that needs attention.
2. Related Works
REST concept mechanism and implementation for Open Source REST services for environmental sensor has
been discussed by (rettig et al, 2015). Service-Oriented Architecture is a technology architecture model for solutions
that are oriented towards different characteristics in support and realizing service orientation and strategic objectives
related to service-based applications (Erl, 2011) . Related to (Rettig et al, 2015), the advantage for integration
development on resources has been explained. According to (Guinard, et al, 2011), implementation REST has
been discussed from research to practice. According to (Luthria et al, 2009), organizational adoption of service
oriented architecture should be considered. SOA concept related to technology and design has been proposed
by (Erl, 2005). The critical success factor for SOA implementation has been discussed by (Erickson et al, 2008).
Related to (MacKenzie et al, 2006), The Open Group defines SOA focused on the service orientation
architectural model. SOA is a paradigm that have capabilities to manage and use services distributed in different
domains (MacKenzie et al, 2006). The challenges of future microservices has been discussed and explained by
(Jamshidi et al, 2018). Then, microservices feasibility of economics and budget in the implementation of
microservices, has been conducted by (Singleton, 2016). The specific definitions and core principle of
microservices architecture (MSA) and Its pattern has been proposed by (Christudas et al, 2019). SOA
implementation in enterprise can support effective, flexible, scalable, and repeatedly useable IT infrastructure.
It will be supports digital transformation in a company with the ability to be adaptive in either internal business
structure or external environment (Dremel et al, 2017). According to (Anjaria et al, 2017), quantitative analysis
of information leakage in service oriented architecture which is specific in web services has been discussed.
Related to (Fischer et al, 2019), the urgency of integration between SOA, BPM and BRM in organization has
been explained and discussed. According to (Suthendra et al, 2020), the implementation of Docker can help
developers to devise a system to develop, implement, and spread services, especially to achieve the desired
level of system performance in e-commerce web services. Related to (Erl, 2016), we can see the guidance for
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analysis and design services and microservices. According to (Bhadoria et al, 2017), ESB is a software
framework that manages services and their integration with other services on a common platform. Besides that,
ESB also provides the infrastructure support needed to implement message routing, protocol translation, and
message transformation. On the other hand, ESB also aggregates services from legacy application domains and
provides loose coupling across services. The advantages of using ESB is one can design, develop, implement,
and monitor services at runtime. This improves the concept of reusability in SOA. According to (Fersi, 2015),
Middleware can provides a set of programming abstractions to facilitate the integration and communication of
heterogeneous components such as Internet of Things. A study about SMES has been done by (Dong, 2022).
Besides that, study SMES in ERP has been discussed by (Anusuyah, 2022).
3. Research Methodology
In this study, we proposed SOA systems which is called In-Guide systems. It is act as platform that can support
integration mechanisms between system diversity. We apply the concept of service-based system development.
However, before that, we try to analyze business opportunities for integrated systems in the tourism sector in
Indonesia. The most difficult stage for developing this system is identifying the diverse and varied needs of
users. The first stage in research method is user and system requirements analysis to capture and gathering the
user needs for In-Guide Systems. In this stage, we collect data from users interview to describe the user and
system needs In this stage we used depth interview to analyze and identifying the list of functionality for In-
Guide Systems. The second stage we proposed the business model using business model canvas. In this stage,
we compare the functionality systems that has been implemented with In-Guide systems. The third stage, we
proposed SOA system architecture design for In-Guide. In this stage we create SOA layering, strategic
integration landscape, analysis and identifying the list of back end services and SOA systems architecture. The
fourth stage, we evaluate In-Guide systems. In this stage, we evaluate before and after implementing SOA. The
research methodology can be described in figure 1 below :
Fig 1. Research Methodology
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. User and System Requirements Analysis for In-Guide Systems
Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia have limitations in implementing systems to support the
operationalization of their business processes. The obstacles faced by these small and medium businesses are
in developing, managing and maintaining systems. This has an impact on the optimization of its business
processes. Based on the interview, it was found that a number of user needs include service-based system
features. The main needs that are considered important by small and medium businesses in the field of traveling
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are related to events and tourist destinations. Indonesia is unique in terms of tourism and culture. This is
reflected in the large number of tourist sites and cultural arts. We propose a services-based system functionality
for In Guide system. We proposed several services in the such as : provide small and medium enterprise profile,
provide cultural events and festival schedule, provide recreation attractions, provide natures, scenic landscape
and wildfire destinations, provide culinary information, provide transportation booking service. These features
are represent the user and system requirements for In Guide systems. Besides that, In-Gude systems has
capabilities to integrate heterogeneous systems from diversity entities in small and medium enterprise
ecosystem. It act as a middleware to coordinate and manage data and information exchange among of systems
that has different platform.
4.2. Business Model for In-Guide Systems
as we know, there are system platform that has been implemented and has similar functionality with In-Guide
system. However, we proposed an In-Guide system to complement the availability of functionality and services
provided by other existing platforms. In this study, we are doing business model analysis using business model
canvas. we try to analyze and explore the opportunities and challenges to develop the In-Guide system . The
first step before making a business model, we do a comparison analysis with similar system platforms. It aims
to accommodate the needs of small and medium enterprises. In Gude systems developed based on comparison
of services that can be shown in figure 2 below :
Fig 2. Comparison of Services in Guide
According to figure 2 above, we compare services. Maps, partnership, multipayment, channels, and access. We
try to mapping the availability services among of the platform with Y = Yes, and N = No. There are several list
of services for comparation such as : UMKM information that means information which is related to small
medium and enterprise information, cultural event information, destination information, restaurant information,
attraction information, Booking ticket. Related to location, we compare the implementation of MAPS. Then
we compare partnership while have more than 1 partnership. Then, we compare website. Desktop, mobile
application, and social media for user channel. The last one is we compare accessibility for location. After
comparative analysis that can be shown in table 1 above, we created a business model to fully describe the In-
Guide system as a startup system. The business model can be explained in figure 3 below :
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Fig 3. Business Model for In-Guide System
According to figure 3 above, business Model has been constructed using business model canvas. It is has some
components that has been filling. The detail of business model for In-Guede can be shown and explained in
figure 3 above. It shows the challenge and opportunities to develop In-Guide system as a startup. In this study,
we see the opportunity to develop a new platform in small and medium enterprises in Indonesia. It is develop
based on analysis of business model canvas in figure 3 above. Figure 3 above shown the value proposition is
complete guidance to explore Indonesia. It means the systems can provide information about completeness
tourist destinations, information about small and medium enterprises merchant, easy access to buy tourist
destinations and event tickets, and also easy access to order motorcycle and car services. Key activities are
integrating systems, maintaining, infrastructure, managing content, marketing, and customer support.
According to business model, customer segments divided into local tourist and international tourist. Key
partners in figure 3 above are Pesona Indonesia, Go-Jek, Small and medium enterprise merchant, government,
google maps, and social media. The channels in this platform are text messages, e-mail, social media, ads,
travel exhibition, travel program, and travel website. Regarding to it, the platform which is called In-Guide
Systems can act as an gateway and bridging to integrate diversity applications. It is can be called enterprise
services bus for tourism sector in Indonesia.
4.3. SOA Systems Architecture Design for In-Guide Systems
In this study, we used service oriented based to proposed In-Guide Systems We use service-based system
development because of the ease in responding to dynamic and fast changes in business processes. On the other
hand, the agility of the system to customize business process changes is absolutely essential to get a robust
system. The Design of Systems Architecture consists of SOA layering, list of services, and SOA Architecture.
Figure 4 below shown the SOA layering for In-Guide systems :
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Fig 4. SOA layering for In-Guide Systems
According to figure 4 above, SOA layering for In Guide consists of presentation layer, business process layer,
business layer, services layer, resources layer, and data layer. in Guide systems can be accessed from mobile
application. It is handle plan a trip, search tourist destination, order event and attraction ticket, search for
transportation, order a ride, and search UKM stores. UKM means in here is small and medium enterprise.
Services layer divided into front end and back end services that can be taken from resources layer. The data
layer included Sql Server, NoSQl, Flat file, and XML. List of services in Figure 4 above shown the front end
and back end services. The group of front end services such as : registration services, payment services,
destination services, UMKM profile services, review services, and order services. Besides that, the group of
back end services such as : transportation, navigation, social media, payment, destination and order. According
to figure 5 below, we create strategic integration landscape for implement In-Gude Systems. We can see the
detail of mechanism of integration between entities in In-Guide ecosystem.
Fig 5. Strategic Integration Landscape
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According to figure 5 above, we create strategic integration landscape which is shown the entities that can
integrate and collaborate to exchange data and information for support business transaction. It shows the
interaction between different systems using In-Guide systems. We can see flow the activities among of the
systems while doing business. Figure 5 above classifying the functions and roles of entities in this SME
ecosystem. Existing functions and roles include navigation, transportation, payment, social communication
media, event information providers and tourist destinations, customers, and ministries representing the
government.
The next stage is we identifying the list of services for front end and back end in in Guide. Figure 6 below
described the list of front end services. It is divided into services group, service Id, and service name. We create
clustering of group services into groups that represent the functionality of the relevant services that can be
explained in figure 6 below :
Fig 6. List of Front End Services for in Guide
According to figure 6 above, we classify the list of services based on service group, service id, and service
name. There are 6 services group such as registration, payment, destination, UMKM profile, review, and order.
for each service, we give the name of the service to describe and describe its functionality.There are 14 service
name , such as customer registration, UMKM registration, Payment option, e-wallet verification, get event, get
attraction destination, get culinary destination, update UMKM profile, upload UMKM prodcut catalog, review
destination, order event ticket, order attraction ticket, and display transcation history. These services has
capabilities to accommodate business processes in tourism and hospitality industry. It is can make it easier for
customers and businesses to support operations in business to business (B2B), business to customer (B2C),
government to business (G2B), and government to customer (G2C) also.
Then, we identifying the list of back end services for InGuide that can be explained in figure 7 below :
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Fig 7. List of Back End Services for in Guide
According to figure 7 above, it shows the list of back end services that can connected to other systems in these
ecosystems. We create a group to grouping similar services. There are 6 group of services such as order,
destination, payment, social media, navigation, and transportation. Service name in these services are using 2
method, such as get and post. There are 15 services name, such as get estimated fare, post booking info, get
navigation, post sharable content, get balance e-wallet, post ticket price, get payment response, get UMKM
information, get destination information, get event information, post event ticket order, post attraction ticket
order, post e-ticket, post purchase confirmation, and post purchased ticket report. Then, we create SOA
architecture to explain the interconnectedness of components and elements of IT infrastructure, applications,
databases, and entities in the In-Guide ecosystem which is explained in figure 8 below :
Fig 8. SOA Architecture for In-Guide
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According to figure 8 above, user can divided into customer and UMKM (small and medium enterprise).
Backend server consists of application server, business process server, and data management system. Data
management system will covered transaction database, UMKM database, and customer database. Business
service and backend integration will be connected by API Gateway to call and request services from some
resources application in entities. According to figure 8 above, there are 6 API gateway that connected to
backend integration and business entities. we can see the direct relationship between backend integration and
business entities through the API Gateway. SOA architecture in figure 8 above describe individual customer
and UMKM can access list of services using In-Guide systems. In-Guide systems has a firewall in application
gateway. Then, application gateway connect to enterprise services bus. Enterprise services bus consists of
business services and back end integration. Enterprise services bus connected to API gateway and back end
server. Back end server divided into application server, business process server, and data management system.
Figure 8 above explained the relation between application server and business process server to business
services in enterprise service bus. On the other hand, data management systems connected to backend
integration. Data management systems involved transaction database, UMKM database, and customer database.
4.4. Evaluation of In-Guide Systems
Evaluate the SOA systems will be explained in the figure 9 below. It shown the condition before SOA systems.
We can see existing event finding until ticket purchasing business process. It shown various business processes
that can be applied in diversity applications. However, it is not apply to majority of local events. Local event
usually do not have their own websites, thus hard to purchase the ticket or event access the complete
information . Separate system for each step decrease customer’s enthusiasm, resulting low ticket sales.
Fig 9. In-Guide System Before SOA
According to figure 9 above, it shown business process that shows customer activities looking for event tickets
to getting tickets. Besides that, we can see the advantage using SOA system for inguide. We can compare the
InGuide system before and after SOA with more detailed in figure 8 and figure 9 above. We can see the process
does not apply to majority of local events before implementing SOA systems. Besides that, as we know local
event usually do not have personal wesbite which is provide complete information. It can makes difficult for
exchange information among of the systems running.
5. Conclusions
in Guide can be implemented using SOA approach. It can help actors in small and medium enterprise(SME)
collaborate and integrated. It can construct the seamless integration in the ecosystem of SME. There are some
resources application that can integrated in single point systems. Besides that, SOA can help backend
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management system for responses changes of business entities. It happened because of the easily to custom
business logic in the existing applications while SOA has been implemented. The toughest challenge in
implementing this system is the openness factor of data and information in the applications to be integrated.
However, the exchange of data between applications is hampered because there is no understanding and
cooperation between SME business entities. On the other hand, the uniform format of data exchange protocols
is important for all SME business entities to agree on. Differences in data exchange protocol formats can be
bridged by using ESB. At this time, ESB or Enterprise Services Bus software consists of open source,
customized, and local in-house development. This selection can be adjusted according to business and user
needs. The tourism sector in Indonesia is an industrial sector that has not implemented ESB. Therefore, the
development of the In-Guide System can be a solution in terms of data and information integration between
SME entities in Indonesia. It can act as software as a services in tourism, event, and culinary sector in Indonesia.
It provides several functionalities for support business processes in this sector. Besides that, functional
requirement and non functional requirements should be considered for completion. User characteristics in this
sector are things that needs more attention. This is due to differences in users who have specific characteristics
that need to be accommodated with functional requirements and non functional requirements also. as we all
know, user requirements are absolute to ensure the successful implementation of In-Guide systems. Karene in
this system, being a user of In-Guide systems includes a number of entities that have distinctive and unique
characteristics.
Acknowledgment
The authors acknowledge contribution from research team members (Natasya, Jessica Clein, Rayhana Afita,
Taskia Fira Indriasari) to support this work, and thank you for your contribution
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