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Final Exam Review

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14 views6 pages

Final Exam Review

Uploaded by

hannahoppegard
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Final Exam is Monday 12/9 in our normal classroom from 7:30am-9:30am.

It will be
cumulative in coverage. You are allowed to use one sheet (front and back) of hand-written
notes. You may use a calculator. Make sure you have pencils, paper and a way to scan and
upload your exam. You will not have access to computer software during the Exam. However,
questions surrounding sorting, inputting and processing data using Excel and JMP Pro are fair
game.

Concept Inventory:

1. Basic Statistics in Investigations


a. Population parameters and sample statistics.
b. Selecting an appropriate statistical test.
i. Z-score
ii. Student’s t-distribution
iii. F-distribution
iv. One or two factor ANOVA
v. Factorial Design
c. Characterizing and classifying experimental error.
i. Mean
ii. standard deviation
iii. variance
iv. pooled standard deviation
v. standard error
d. Replication, randomization and blocking.
e. Normal distribution and the central limit theorem
2. Hypothesis Testing
a. Null and Alternative hypotheses
b. confidence intervals
3. Factorial Designs
a. Model Selection for multiple factors
b. Interpretation of DOE model parameters and sketch the model.
c. Interpretation of JMP DOE model report (ie. Significance, regression coefficients
and model fit to data.)
4. Model Validation
a. RMSE
b. CV
c. Grubb’s test for outliers
Practice Final Exam
ECH3844 Chemical Engineering Statistics
**This will not be submitted for credit. A solution will NOT be posted. You can ask questions
during Dr. Hunter’s office hours. The length and difficulty of the following practice exam is
similar to the final. Concepts in the list above may appear on the final exam, even if they are
not covered in the questions below.

1. Select the appropriate statistical test to provide evidence to address the following questions
for scientific investigation. Not all choices will be used, and some may be used more than
once.:

Is measured value 𝑦𝑦0 is part of a normally a. z-score


distributed population, with mean, 𝜇𝜇, and
_______ standard deviation, 𝜎𝜎? b. Student’s t test

Does a change in a single factor with 5 c. chi-squared test


possible levels have an effect on the value of
_______ the response variable? d. F statistic

Is there a correlation between two or more e. one-way ANOVA


factors and response variable, which can be
_______ reported as a statistical regression model? f. two-way ANOVA

Does a change in a single factor from level 1 g. DOE analysis


to level 2 have an effect on the value of the
response variable; n1 samples are collected at
factor level 1 and n2 samples are collected at
_______ factor level 2?

Does a change in factor from level 1 to level 2


have an effect on the value of the response
variable; also, does a secondary factor
_______ influence the response?

Does a change in a single factor from level 1


to level 2 have an effect on the variance of the
response variable; n1 samples are collected at
factor level 1 and n2 samples are collected at
_______ factor level 2?
2. Consider the following set of data: 173 179 199 178 198 182 190
a. Calculate the mean, variance, standard deviation, degrees of freedom and standard error.

𝑦𝑦� =___________

𝑠𝑠 2 =___________

𝑠𝑠 =___________

𝜈𝜈 =___________

𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 =___________

b. Determine the critical t value and a 95% confidence interval

𝑡𝑡𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 =___________

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶: 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 =__________ to 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 =___________

c. Find the t-statistic corresponding to a value of 200. Use α=0.05, to make a claim as to
whether the value 200 is likely to be part of the normally distributed population.

𝑡𝑡0 =___________
3. You have been hired as an intern at the FAMSTATE Adhesive Co. Your first assignment is
to design an experiment to determine how the application pressure and temperature affect the
shear strength (lb/in2) of the adhesive. A range of temperatures that span normal atmospheric
conditions (273 K to 310 K) and a range of pressures that represent the typical application of
force that could be exerted by a person (10 to 100 lb/in2) should be investigated. Assume that
this experiment is relatively inexpensive to perform.
a. You are asked to develop an empirical model that can be used to predict shear strength
under varying application conditions, where the model form assumes that pressure has a
linear effect and temperature has a non-linear effect on shear strength. Write out the
general form of the DOE model (hint: use b-parameters, not value to represent the
effects).

𝑦𝑦� = _____________________________________________________________________________________
b. Define the response variable with units, and factor levels in the following table:

Response (𝒚𝒚
�)

- 0 +

Factor 1 (X1) Pressure (lb/in2)

Factor 2 (X2) Temperature (K)

c. How many trials would be required to conduct a factorial design experiment with the
minimum number of replicates to identify outliers?
4. In your new role as a Quality Engineer, you study the variability of a continuously stirred
tank reactor (CSTR) used to produce the adhesive. In order to set product specifications, you
must characterize the location and spread of the primary response variable, the fractional
conversion of the limiting reactant, X. You run 5 experimental trials, all under the same,
standard operating conditions and measure the steady state fractional conversion, X.

Data: 0.45 0.51 0.67 0.47 0.44

Statistics: 𝑦𝑦� = 0.508 𝑠𝑠 = 0.0845

When you survey the data, you observe that the third trial fractional conversion seems
suspiciously high. Uses Grubb’s test to determine whether this suspiciously high data point is
an outlier that should be excluded from analysis. Use α=0.05.

𝐺𝐺 =___________

𝑡𝑡𝛼𝛼 ⁄2𝑛𝑛 ,𝑛𝑛−2 =___________

𝐺𝐺𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 =___________

Claim:
5. A published study of a chemical reaction, 𝐴𝐴 → 𝑃𝑃, indicates that if the reactor initially
𝑔𝑔
contains A at a concentration 𝐶𝐶𝐴𝐴0 ( ) and the reaction temperature, T, is kept constant,
𝐿𝐿
then the concentrations of P in the reactor increases with time according to the formula
𝑔𝑔
𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝 � � = 𝐶𝐶𝐴𝐴0 (1 − 𝑒𝑒 −𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 )
𝐿𝐿
The rate constant, 𝑘𝑘 = 0.011 (𝑠𝑠 −1 ), is assumed constant at a constant reaction
temperature of 200oC.

An experiment is run where the reaction proceeds at a constant temperature of T=200oC


with initial concentration of species A, 𝐶𝐶𝐴𝐴0 = 12.2 𝑔𝑔/𝐿𝐿 and 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝 is measured as time
proceeds.

Test the validity of the first order elementary rate law model for the following experimental data
set.

a. Fill in the missing entries in the table below:


𝑔𝑔 𝑔𝑔
𝑡𝑡 (𝑠𝑠) 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 ( ) 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 ( ) % relative error
𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿
0 0
10 1.36

20 2.50

30 3.81
60 6.70
120 10.73

b. Calculate the root mean squared error and coefficient of variation.

RMSE=________________

𝑦𝑦� =__________________

CV=___________________

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