‫كلية الهندسة‬/‫جامعة النهرين‬

‫قسم هندسة الطب الحياتي‬

COMMUNICATIONS LAB._LEC. 2
(ANALOG MODULATION)
AM Modulation and Demodulation

4th year
 ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS
 Analog communication refers to a method of transmitting information through continuous analog
signals.
 Analog Communication is an information transmitting mechanism, i.e. music, voice, and video
using broadcast radio, walkie-talkies, or cellular radio, and broadcast television.

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 ANALOG MODULATION
 In this type of communication, the information is encoded into continuously varying parameters
of a carrier wave, such as amplitude, frequency, or phase.
 Analog modulation techniques can be summarized as :

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 ADVANTAGES OF MODULATION:
 Size of the antenna reduces when a signal is modulated by a larger frequency of a carrier.

 Using modulation to transmit the signal through space to long distances.

 Modulation allows us to transmit multiple signals in the same medium (i.e. Frequency Division
Multiplexing, FDMA).

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 FILTERS
 Low-pass (LP) filter is characterized by
letting low frequency components pass.

 High-pass (HP) filter passes high

frequencies and suppresses lower
frequencies .

 Band-stop (BS) and Bandpass (BP) filter

allows a specified range of frequencies to
pass through while blocking frequencies
outside of that range.

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 AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM)
 Amplitude Modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly
for transmitting information via radio waves.

 In AM, the amplitude of a high-frequency carrier signal is varied in proportion to the amplitude of a lower-
frequency information signal, which is often an audio signal.

 In general, the AM modulation is summarized as:

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AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM)

Ac is the amplitude of the carrier signal

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 AMPLITUDE DEMODULATION
 Demodulation is the process of extracting the original information or data from a modulated carrier signal.

 Synchronous Demodulator :

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 AMPLITUDE DEMODULATION
 Demodulation is the process of extracting the original information or data from a modulated carrier signal.

 Demodulation by Squaring :

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 BUILDING SIMULINK MODEL OF AMPLITUDE MODULATOR

 The Simulink design of an Amplitude modulator is in the following :

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 BUILDING SIMULINK MODEL OF AMPLITUDE MODULATOR

Parameters:

 Double click on the signal generator, and then

set the frequency as 6 Rad/Sec. with a
waveform of sine.

 Adjust the carrier sine wave’s frequency as 50

Rad/Sec.

 Set the simulation time such as 0.01 to observe

the signals clearly.

 Run your simulation.

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BUILDING SIMULINK MODEL OF AMPLITUDE DEMODULATOR

Synchronous Demodulator :

 Apply the similar procedure.You will have the demodulation structure as shown in the following figure:

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BUILDING SIMULINK MODEL OF AMPLITUDE DEMODULATOR

Synchronous Demodulator :

 Connect your modulation and demodulation models as shown.

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BUILDING SIMULINK MODEL OF AMPLITUDE DEMODULATOR

Synchronous Demodulator :

 Run your model, you will then observe the following :

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BUILDING SIMULINK MODEL OF AMPLITUDE DEMODULATOR

Demodulation(Square-Law Demodulator):

 Apply the similar procedure.You will have the demodulation structure as shown in the following figure:

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BUILDING SIMULINK MODEL OF AMPLITUDE DEMODULATOR

Demodulation(Square-Law Demodulator):

 Connect your modulation and demodulation models as shown.

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BUILDING SIMULINK MODEL OF AMPLITUDE DEMODULATOR

Demodulation(Square-Law Demodulator):

 Run your model, you will then observe the following :

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 PROCEDURE

1. Build the Simulink model of AM modulator and demodulator explained in

this manual.

2. Explain the theoretical side of the blocks. Use the notation as μ:modulation
index, m(t), h(t), etc.

3. Set the modulation index μ as -0.9, -0.5, -0.1, 0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.9, 1 respectively.

A. What happens to the modulated signal’s waveform for each case?

B. In which values, the demodulation can be performed correctly? Why?

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 DISCUSSION

1. Define AM and draw its spectrum.

2. Explain the concept of undermodulation and overmodulation in AM. How

does the modulation index relate to these concepts?

3. What is the modulation index in AM, and how does it affect the modulated
signal?

4. What are some real-world applications of AM modulation and demodulation?

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THANK YOU