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Lab - 09 Rectifiers

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43 views4 pages

Lab - 09 Rectifiers

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ameafzal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Basic Electronics

Lab 9
Mounting Half and full wave rectifier circuits on breadboard and also on
Tinkercad and CircuitMaker.
Objective:
This lab focuses on the behavior and analysis of rectifiers (half-wave and full-wave) with and without
capacitors using a function generator. The goal is to understand the rectification process and the effect of
capacitors on the output.

Equipment:
Equipment Required:

- Function Generator.
- Oscilloscope.
- Diodes.
- Resistors
- Capacitors
- Breadboard and connecting wires

Note: For visualization and experimentation, implement these circuits using Tinkercad and CircuitMaker
separately.

By the end of this lab, students should be able to:


• Understand the principles of rectification.
• Design and mount half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits on breadboards.
• Simulate rectifier circuits in Tinkercad and CircuitMaker.
• Measure and analyze the electrical properties of rectifier circuits.
• Compare the performance of half-wave and full-wave rectifiers.

1. Half-Wave Rectifier
A half-wave rectifier only allows one half-cycle of the AC signal to pass through, blocking the other half.
This is achieved by using a single diode. The output waveform is a series of positive (or negative) half-
cycles with intervals of zero current.
Without Capacitor: The output will have a pulsating DC waveform that contains significant ripple.
With Capacitor: A capacitor filters the ripples, providing a smoother DC signal by charging and
discharging during the half-cycles.

Fig 1.Half-Wave Rectifier on Circuit maker.

Fig 2. Fig 1.Half-Wave Rectifier on Tinkercad.


2. Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier
A full-wave bridge rectifier uses four diodes to allow both halves of the AC signal to pass through but
with opposite polarities, effectively doubling the frequency of the output signal compared to the input
signal.
Without Capacitor: The output will be a series of pulses but with a higher frequency and a shorter ripple
period compared to the half-wave rectifier.
With Capacitor: The capacitor smoothens the output by minimizing the ripple further due to charging and
discharging during each half-cycle.

Fig 3.Full-Wave Rectifier on Circuit maker.

Fig 4.Full-Wave Rectifier on Tinkercad.

Tasks
Task 1: Half-Wave Rectifier without Capacitor
Steps:

1. Connect the function generator to provide a sine wave (e.g., 50Hz, 10V peak).
2. Connect a single diode in series with a load resistor on the breadboard.
3. Use the oscilloscope to measure and observe the output waveform across the resistor.

Objective: Understand the waveform characteristics and calculate the average and RMS values of the
output voltage.

Fig 05.Half-Wave Rectifier without Capacitor

Task 2: Half-Wave Rectifier with Capacitor


Steps:

1. Add a capacitor parallel to the load resistor from Task 1.


2. Observe the output waveform using the oscilloscope.

Objective: Compare the output waveform with and without the capacitor. Discuss the effect of the
capacitor on reducing the ripple voltage.

Fig 6.Half-Wave Rectifier with Capacitor

Task 3: Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier without Capacitor

Steps:
1. Set up a bridge circuit using four diodes on the breadboard.
2. Connect the function generator to provide a sine wave input to the bridge circuit.
3. Observe the output waveform across the load resistor.

Objective: Identify and analyze the full-wave rectified output without capacitor filtering. Discuss the
doubling of frequency and its implications on ripple.

Fig 7.Half-Wave Rectifier with Capacitor

Task 4: Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier with Capacitor


Steps:

1. Add a capacitor parallel to the load resistor in the full-wave bridge circuit.
2. Use the oscilloscope to observe the output waveform.

Objective: Compare the rectified output with and without the capacitor and discuss the ripple reduction in
a full-wave rectifier.

Fig 8.Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier with Capacitor

Task 5: Varying Capacitor Values


Steps:

• For the full-wave bridge rectifier circuit, experiment with different capacitor values (e.g., 100 µF,
470 µF).

• Measure the ripple voltage and peak-to-peak ripple amplitude for each capacitor value using the
oscilloscope.

Objective: Analyze how different capacitor values affect the smoothing of the output signal.

Analysis and Evaluation


• Calculate Ripple Factor: For each rectifier setup, measure the ripple factor (the ratio of AC
components to the DC output) with different capacitors. Compare the effectiveness of filtering for
each case.

• Determine Efficiency: Measure and calculate the efficiency of both the half-wave and full-wave
rectifiers by comparing the input and output power.

• Frequency Analysis: Analyze the output waveform frequency using the oscilloscope and verify if
the full-wave rectification doubles the frequency of the rectified signal.
Simulations in Tinkercad and CircuitMaker
• Tinkercad: Build and simulate the circuits for both half-wave and full-wave rectifiers. Verify the
observed waveforms and capacitor effects by comparing the simulation results with the
theoretical predictions.

• CircuitMaker: Recreate and simulate the rectifier circuits to obtain detailed insights into voltage
and ripple characteristics. Record the oscilloscope traces and export the waveforms for reporting
purposes.

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