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Series and Parallel, Resistance

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16 views17 pages

Series and Parallel, Resistance

Uploaded by

swathy21pandiyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SERIES AND PARALLEL

TWO TYPES OF CIRCUIT

• There are two types of circuit:


• Series
• Parallel
• In series circuit, all the bulbs will form one loop, including the battery and
the switch.
• In a parallel circuit there is more than one loop or branch. They are
sometimes called branching circuits.
IMAGES OF SERIES AND PARALLEL
PARALLEL CIRCUITS

• They are very useful because if one bulb breaks, the other lights stay on.
• We can control each lamp separately in a parallel circuit by adding a switch to each
branch.
• Each bulb is independent of the others.
CURRENT IN THE SERIES CIRCUITS

• In the circuit opposite, the


ammeters A1, A2, and A3 all show the
same reading.
• In a series circuit, the current is
same everywhere.
• If we add components to a series
circuit the current will get smaller.
CURRENT IN THE PARALLEL CIRCUITS
• A parallel circuit has more than one loop.
• In the image the current in each branch is the same.

• The ammeters A2 and A3 show the same reading.


• The ammeter A1 and A4 measure the total current.
• The current in all the branches will add together
to make the total current. Here, total current is
double the current in each branch.

• If we add another branch to the parallel circuit,


the current in the other branches will stay the same
but the total current increases.
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE IN SERIES
CIRCUITS
• The potential difference
across each component
adds up to the potential
difference across the
battery.
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE IN PARALLEL
CIRCUITS
• The potential difference
across each component is
the same as the potential
difference across the battery.
RESISTANCE

• When a circuit is connected a current flows – electrons move through


the wires and components.
• As the electrons move, they collide with ions, which causes resistance .
• The more resistance there is in a circuit, the less current will flow.
• The resistance increases when you add more components in series.
• For example, the resistance of two lamps in series is greater than the resistance of one
lamp.
• Less current will flow through them and they will not light up as brightly.
• Resistance is measured in units called ohms, which is
represented by the symbol Ω (an uppercase Greek letter
omega).
• For example, a resistance of 10 ohms can be written as 10 Ω.
RESISTORS

• It can be useful to add resistance to a circuit. For example, increasing resistance can make
a motor spin more slowly, or make a lamp light less bright.
• A component called a resistor can be added in series to a circuit to increase the total
resistance.
CALCULATING RESISTANCE
• To find the resistance of a component we need to know the potential difference (V)
across it and the current (I) flowing through it.
• We can then use the formula to calculate the resistance:
• Resistance = potential difference
current
• The equation can also be written using symbols:
• R=V/I
EXAMPLE
• A circuit contains a battery, a resistor and an ammeter. The battery has a potential
difference of 12V, and the current flowing is 2A. What is the resistance of the circuit?
WHAT HAPPENS INSIDE A WIRE
CONDUCTORS
INSULATORS

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