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BST_Implementation_Analysis

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7 views

BST_Implementation_Analysis

Uploaded by

r4kuhd
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Implementation and Analysis of the Binary Search Tree Operations

Theoretical Part

Binary Search Tree (BST) Overview

A Binary Search Tree is a data structure in which each node has at most two children:

1. The left child contains nodes with keys less than the parent node.

2. The right child contains nodes with keys greater than the parent node.

BSTs are widely used due to their ability to perform operations such as insertion, deletion,

and search efficiently in O(h), where h is the height of the tree.

Key Operations on BST

1. Insertion

Adds a new key to the BST while maintaining the binary search tree properties. It starts at the root

and moves left or right depending on the key's value.

2. Search

Searches for a specific key by traversing the tree. If the key exists, it returns true; otherwise, false.

3. Deletion

Removes a key from the BST while ensuring the structure of the tree remains valid. There are

three cases:

- The node is a leaf (no children).

- The node has one child.


- The node has two children (replace it with its in-order predecessor or successor).

Importance of Maintaining Balance in BSTs

Balancing a BST ensures that its height is kept as small as possible, leading to efficient operations.

If the tree becomes skewed (e.g., like a linked list), the time complexity of operations degrades to

O(n).

Balanced BSTs, such as AVL or Red-Black Trees, maintain a height close to O(log n), ensuring

optimal

performance for all operations.

Pseudocode for BST Operations

1. Insertion

INSERT(node, key):

if node is NULL:

return CREATE_NEW_NODE(key)

if key < node.key:

node.left = INSERT(node.left, key)

else:

node.right = INSERT(node.right, key)

return node

2. Search

SEARCH(node, key):

if node is NULL or node.key == key:

return node

if key < node.key:


return SEARCH(node.left, key)

else:

return SEARCH(node.right, key)

3. Deletion

DELETE(node, key):

if node is NULL:

return node

if key < node.key:

node.left = DELETE(node.left, key)

elif key > node.key:

node.right = DELETE(node.right, key)

else:

// Node with one or no child

if node.left is NULL:

return node.right

elif node.right is NULL:

return node.left

// Node with two children

temp = FIND_MIN(node.right)

node.key = temp.key

node.right = DELETE(node.right, temp.key)

return node

4. Find Minimum (Helper Function for Deletion)

FIND_MIN(node):
while node.left is not NULL:

node = node.left

return node

Analysis of Time Complexity

- Insertion:

- Best Case: O(log n) (balanced tree)

- Worst Case: O(n) (skewed tree)

- Search:

- Best Case: O(log n) (balanced tree)

- Worst Case: O(n) (skewed tree)

- Deletion:

- Best Case: O(log n) (balanced tree)

- Worst Case: O(n) (skewed tree)

Maintaining balance ensures all operations remain efficient with O(log n) complexity.

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