B.L.D.E.

Association’s
V. P. Dr. P. G. Halakatti College of Engineering & Technology,
Vijayapur-586103

LAB MANUAL
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
LABORATORY
22EE303
IPCC COURSE

Department of Electrical & Electronics

V. P. Dr P. G. Halakatti College of Engineering &
Technology,
Ashram Road, Vijayapur-586101
 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

IPCC Course code: 22EE303 CIE Marks: 20 (15-Lab record & Conduction
+ 5-Test marks)
Teaching hours per: 2 hrs No. of labs: 10
week

Course objectives:
• To familiarize the basic laws, source transformations, theorems and the methods of analyzing
electrical circuits.
• To explain the use of network theorems and the concept of resonance.
• To familiarize the analysis of three-phase circuits, two port networks and networks with non-
sinusoidal inputs.
• To explain the importance of initial conditions, their evaluation and transient analysis of R-L
and R-C circuits.
• To impart basic knowledge on network analysis using Laplace transforms.

Course outcomes (Course Skill Set):

At the end of the course the student will be able to:
• Understand the basic concepts, basic laws and methods of analysis of DC and AC networks
and reduce the complexity of network using source shifting, source transformation and network
reduction using transformations.
• Solve complex electric circuits using network theorems.
• Discuss resonance in series and parallel circuits and also the importance of initial conditions
and their evaluation.
• Synthesize typical waveforms using Laplace transformation.
• Solve unbalanced three phase systems and also evaluate the performance of two port networks.

Sl No. Experiments (to be carried out using discrete components)

1. Verification of Thevenin’s theorem.
2. Verification of Norton’s theorem.
3. Verification of Superposition theorem.
4. Determination of resonant frequency, bandwidth, and Q of a series circuit.
5. Determination of resonant frequency, bandwidth, and Q of a parallel
circuit.
6. Verification of maximum Power transfer theorem.
7. Measurement of power in three phase circuits using two wattmeter method.
8. Power factor correction.
9. Measurement of time constant of an RC circuit.
10. Study of effect of open and short circuits in simple circuits.

Department of Electrical & Electronics, B.L.D.E.A’s CET Vijayapura

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs)

PEO I Graduates will be able to address the real time Electrical Engineering Problems like power
generation, uninterrupted power supply and be able to formulate solutions using new
technologies that are economically feasible and with available renewable sources.
PEO II Graduates will be able to exhibit ethical attitude, effective communication skills, leadership
qualities and team spirit for a successful professional career that support the service for
development of the society.
PEO III Graduates will be able to pursue advance education and research, achieve technical expertise
and other creative activities in multidisciplinary engineering fields.
PEO IV Graduates will be able to apply basic and contemporary science and experimental skills to
identify electrical engineering problems and develop practical skills to produce engineering
designs for electrical, electronic equipments with cost effectiveness, safety and durability.
Programme Outcomes (POs)
PO 1 Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
PO 2 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural science, and engineering sciences.
PO 3 Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and
design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, cultural, societal and environmental
considerations.
PO 4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use of research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions
PO 5 Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities
with an understanding of the limitations.
PO 6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant
to the professional engineering practice.
PO 7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of and need
for sustainable development.
PO 8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.
PO 9 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader
in diverse teams and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO 10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations and to give and
receive clear instructions.

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

PO 11 Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the

engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
PO 12 Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage
in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

Programme Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

PSO 1 Demonstrate the knowledge and competence in the application of control system, circuit
analysis, power electronics, analog & digital electronics and microcontroller in testing,
protection and operation of power systems, electrical machines and electronic systems.
PSO 2 Explore the methodologies and new technologies in renewable energy engineering and use
them to solve current and future energy problems globally for economic and efficient
conservation of energy.
PSO 3 Use hardware and software skills for design, simulation and analysis of electrical and
electronics systems.

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

SPECIFIC SAFETY RULES FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT LABORATORY

• Students must not damage or tamper with the equipment or leads.

• Students should inspect laboratory equipment for visible damage before using it. If there is a problem
with a piece of equipment, report it to the technician or lecturer.
• Students should not work on circuits where the supply voltage exceeds 40 volts without very specific
approval from your lab supervisor. If you need to work on such circuits, you should contact your supervisor
for approval and instruction on how to do this safely before commencing the work.
• Never strip insulation from a wire with your teeth or a knife, always use an appropriate wire stripping
tool.

INSTRUCTION TO STUDENTS
• Students must carry their observation book, calculator, and multimeter.
• Students must keep their bags at specified place.
• Students shouldn’t carry mobile phone to lab.
• Students must enter lab within time.
• Students should check their connections before giving supply.
• After conducting experiment student must remove connections and keep equipment, components and
patch cords at proper place.

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

Introduction of Components

Resistor: Opposition to flow of currents is called resistance. The elements having resistance are
called resistors. They are of two types Fixed resistor and Variable resistor.
Resistor Color Code: The resistance value and tolerance of carbon resistor is usually indicated
by color coding. Color bands are printed on insulating body. They consist of four-color bands or
5 color bands & they are read from left to right. A typical resistor with color bands is shown in
figure 1.

Figure 1
The above resistor has 4 color bands. The first band represents first digit The second band represent
second digit The third band represent multiplier (this gives the no. of zeros after the 2 digits ) The
4th band represents tolerance in %.
Table 1: Color Codes with value
Color First digit for Second digit for Multiplier digit Resistance
1st band 2nd band for the 3rd band tolerance
Black 0 0 100 -
Brown 1 1 101 ±1%
Red 2 2 102 ±2%
Orange 3 3 103 ±3%
Yellow 4 4 104 -
Green 5 5 105 -
Blue 6 6 106 -
Violet 7 7 107 -
Grey 8 8 108 -
White 9 9 109 -
Gold - - 10-1 ±5%
Silver - - 10-2 ±10%
No Color - - - ±20%

If third band is gold the first two digit are multiplied by 10-1 If the third band is silver the first two
digits are multiplied by 10-2 If the 4th band is gold the tolerance is ±5% If the 4th band is silver is
the tolerance is ±10% If the 4th band is no color the tolerance is ±20% The numerical value
associated with each color.
Inductor: It is a passive electrical component that opposes sudden changes in current. They are
also known as coils or choke.
Capacitor: Capacitors are used to store large amount of static current. When they are included in
circuit it acts open circuit.

Department of Electrical & Electronics, B.L.D.E.A’s CET Vijayapura

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

Contents
Sl No. Experiments (to be carried out using discrete components)
1. Verification of Thevenin’s theorem.
2. Verification of Norton’s theorem.
3.
Verification of Superposition theorem.

4. Determination of resonant frequency, bandwidth, and Q of a series circuit.

5. Determination of resonant frequency, bandwidth, and Q of a parallel
circuit.
6. Verification of maximum Power transfer theorem.
7. Measurement of power in three phase circuits using two wattmeter method.
8. Power factor correction.
9. Measurement of time constant of an RC circuit.
10. Study of effect of open and short circuits in simple circuits.

Department of Electrical & Electronics, B.L.D.E.A’s CET Vijayapura

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

Date:
Experiment
Thevenin’s Theorem
no. 1

Aim: verify the Thevenins theorem for given electric Circuit.

Apparatus:
Sl No. Apparatus Range Quantity
1. DC Power Supply 0-30V 1
2. Resistor -- Depends
on Ckt
3. Multi meter -- --
4 Connecting Wire

Circuit Diagram:

Theory:
Statement
“Any linear circuit containing several voltages and resistances can be replaced by just one single voltage
in series with a single resistance connected across the load“. In other words, it is possible to simplify any
electrical circuit, no matter how complex, to an equivalent two-terminal circuit with just a single constant
voltage source in series with a resistance (or impedance)

Procedure:

1. Connections are made as per circuit diagram.

2. Open circuit the given load and measure open circuit voltage as shown.
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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

3. Deactivated the sources to measure the equivalent resistance.

4. Construct Thevenin’s equivalent circuit and measure through given load.
5. To verify the Thevenins theorem by measuring current through load.

Tabular Colomn:

SI Theorotical Values Experimental Values

No
1 Vth in V Rth in KΩ Ith in mA IL in mA Vth in V Rth in KΩ Ith in mA IL in mA

Result:

Load Current through RL(Practical)=

Load Current through RL(Theortical)=

Conclusion

Hence Thevenin’s theorem is Verified.

Department of Electrical & Electronics, B.L.D.E.A’s CET Vijayapura

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

Date:
Experiment
Nortan’s Theorem
no. 2

Aim: verify the Nortan’s theorem for given electric Circuit.

Apparatus:
Sl No. Apparatus Range Quantity
1. DC Power Supply 0-30V 1
2. Resistor -- Depends
on Ckt
3. Multi meter -- --
4 Connecting Wire

Circuit Diagram:

Theory:
Statement

“Any linear circuit containing several energy sources and resistances can be replaced by a single Constant
Current generator in parallel with a Single Resistor“.In other words, it is possible to simplify any
electrical circuit, no matter how complex, to an equivalent two-terminal circuit with just a single constant
Current source in parellel with a resistance (or impedance)

Procedure:

1. Connections are made as per circuit diagram.

2. Replace the given load by short circuit.

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

3. Deactivated all sources and open circuit the load and measure the equivalent resistance.
4. Find the load current through the load resistance.

Tabular Colomn:

SI Theorotical Values Experimental Values

No
1 INL in mA RNL in Ω Ith L in mA INP in mA RNP in Ω ILP in mA

Result:

Load Current through RL(Practical)=

Load Current through RL(Theortical)=

Conclusion

Hence Nortan’s theorem is Verified.

Department of Electrical & Electronics, B.L.D.E.A’s CET Vijayapura

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

Date:
Experiment
Superposition Theorem
no. 3

Aim: To verify the Superposition theorem by measuring current through given load in a given electric
Circuit.
Apparatus:
Sl No. Apparatus Range Quantity
1. DC Power Supply 0-30V 1
2. Resistor -- Depends
on Ckt
3 Resistance box
4 Multi meter -- --
5 Connecting Wires

Circuit Diagram:

Theory:
Statement
Superposition theorem states that in any linear, bilateral network where more than one source is present,
the response across any element in the circuit is the sum of the responses obtained from each source
considered separately. In contrast, all other sources are replaced by their internal resistance.

Procedure:

1. Connections are made as per circuit diagram.

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

2. Consider only one source in the circuit and measure current through RL(IL’)
3. Consider second source only in the circuit and measure current through RL(IL’’)
4. Then Calculate Total current IL=IL’ + IL’’
5. Switch of the connection and remove connection

Tabular Colomn:

Result VS1 VS2 IL

Theorotical
Value

Experimental
Value

Result:

IL ’ =

IL’’=

IL =

Conclusion

Hence Superposition theorem is Verified.

Department of Electrical & Electronics, B.L.D.E.A’s CET Vijayapura

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

Date:
Experiment Determination of resonant frequency, bandwidth, and Q of a
no. 4
series circuit.

Aim: To find the resonant frequency, quality factor and band width of a given series resonant
circuits.
Apparatus:
Sl No. Apparatus Range Quantity
1. Function Generator 1kHz, 5Vp-p 1
2. Resistance 1KΩ 1
3. Inductor 100mH 1
4. Capacitor 5μF 1
5. Ammeter 0-20mA 1
6. CRO -- --
7. Connecting Board -- --
8. Patch Cords -- --

Circuit Diagram:

1KΩ 100mH 5 μF

Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure for series resonant circuit.

2. Set the voltage of the signal from function generator to 5V.
3. Vary the frequency of the signal over a wide range in steps and note down the
corresponding ammeter readings.
4. Observe that the current first increases & then decreases in case of series resonant circuit
& the value of frequency corresponding to maximum current is equal to resonant
frequency.

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

5. Draw a graph between frequency and current & calculate the values of bandwidth & quality
factor.

Tabular Colomn:

Sl No. Frequency in Hz Current in mA

1
2
3
4

Calculation:
Resonant Frequency= f0= 1
2∏√𝐿𝐶

Bandwidth= f2-f1
f2= f0+(R/(4∏L)); f1= f0-(R/(4∏L))
Q=2∏f0L/R
Graph:

Conclusion:
Series resonant frequency, Quality factor and bandwidth are obtained.

Department of Electrical & Electronics, B.L.D.E.A’s CET Vijayapura

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

Date:
Experiment Determination of resonant frequency, bandwidth, and Q of a
no. 5
Parallel circuit.

Aim: To find the resonant frequency, quality factor and band width of a given parallel resonant
circuits.
Apparatus:
Sl No. Apparatus Range Quantity
9. Function Generator 1kHz, 5Vp-p 1
10. Resistance 1KΩ 1
11. Inductor 100mH 1
12. Capacitor 5μF 1
13. Ammeter 0-20mA 1
14. CRO -- --
15. Connecting Board -- --
16. Patch Cords -- --

Circuit Diagram:

100mH 5μF

Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure for series resonant circuit.

2. Set the voltage of the signal from function generator to 5V.
3. Vary the frequency of the signal over a wide range in steps and note down the
corresponding ammeter readings.
4. Observe that the current first decreases & then increases in case of parallel resonant circuit
& the value of frequency corresponding to minimum current is equal to resonant frequency.

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

5. Draw a graph between frequency and current & calculate the values of bandwidth & quality
factor.

Tabular Colomn:

Sl No. Frequency in Hz Current in mA

1
2
3
4

Calculation:
Resonant Frequency= f0= 1
2∏√𝐿𝐶

Bandwidth= f2-f1

Q= R/2∏f0L
Graph:

Conclusion:
Parallel resonant frequency, Quality factor and bandwidth are obtained.

Department of Electrical & Electronics, B.L.D.E.A’s CET Vijayapura

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

Date:
Experiment
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
no.6

Aim: To verify the ma theorem for given electric Circuit.

Apparatus:
SlNo. Apparatus Range Quantity
1. DCPowerSupply 0-30V 1
2. Resistor -- Depends on Ckt
3. Multi meter -- --
4 Connecting Wire

CircuitDiagram:

Theory:
The Power delivered by an active network to a load connected across its terminal is maximum, When the
impedance of the load is the complex conjugate of the active network impedance.
Condition for the max Transfer of Power
a) Load resistance must be equal to network impedance in case of AC Circuits
b) Load resistance must be equal to network resistance in case of DC Circuit

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

Procedure:

1. Check all the components before wiring up the circuit

2. Connection are maid as per circuit diagram
3. Switch ON the supply and take down the readings of Voltmeter and ammeter.
4. Gradually vary the load resistance in steps like 100 200 300 400 500 and 600 simultaneously note down the reading
5. Finally switch OFF the Supply.
6. Calculate the resistance value using formula R=VL/IL and also calculate Max Power using Formula Pmax=VlxIL
7. Compare the Calculated resistance value if both are nearly equal then maximum power takes place and hence
theorem is proved

Tabular Column :

SI No VL in Volts IL in mA RL= VL/IL Power =VlxIL In mW

Result:

Maximum Power (Practical)=

Maximum Power (Theoretical)=

Conclusion

Hence Maximum Power Transform theorem is Verified.

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

Date:

Experiment
Measurement of three phase power using two wattmeter
no.7
method

Aim: Measurement of three phase power using two wattmeter method for balanced load condition.
Apparatus:

SlNo. Apparatus Range Quantity

1 3 phase dimmerstat 440v,8A 1
2 Ammeter 0-10A 2
3 Voltmeter 0-600v 2
5/10A,500
4 Wattmeter 2
v, UPF
3 phase star
5 5A 1
connected load
6 Patch cords -- 1 set

CircuitDiagram:

Theory:
The three phase power in a balanced system can be measured by using two single phase wattmeters. The
three phase can measured by using two phase wattmeters. The three phase can measured by using 3
wattmeter, 2 wattmeter and 1 wattmeter method.

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

The wattmeter is a electrical power measuring instrument. It mainly consists two coils i) Current coil ii)
Potential coil. The current coil is connected in series with the load, potential coil is connected across the
load. The current flows through current coi is proportional to load current and current flows through the
potential coil is proportional to applied voltage.

Procedure:
1. The electrical connections are made as shown in circuit diagram.
2. The main supply is switched ON with keeping dimmerstat at zero output and 3 phase load at OFF
position.
3. Apply the suitable voltage by varying dimmerstat, load switch is ON and load is applied in suitable
steps.
4. At each step ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter radings are noted.
5. The above steps are repeated for another suitable load.
6. The loads are switched OFF by step by step, dimmerstat is brought back to minimum voltage position
and main supply switch is opened.

Tabular Colomn:

Wattmeter Wattmeter Total Power = Power

SI Line Voltage Line current
No
reading W1 in reading W2 in W1 + W2 in factor
(VL) in Volts (IL) in Amps
Watts Watts Watts cosØ
1

Result: The three phase power is measured by using two wattmeter method for three phase balanced star
connected load.

Conclusion

Hence The three phase power is measured by using two wattmeter method is verified.

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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

Date:

Experiment
Power Factor Correction
no.8

Aim: To improve the power factor using capacitor.

Apparatus:

SlNo. Apparatus Range Quantity

1 3 phase dimmerstat 440v,8A 1
2 Ammeter 0-10A 2
3 Voltmeter 0-600v 2
5/10A,500
4 Wattmeter 2
v, UPF
3 phase star
5 5A 1
connected load
6 Patch cords -- 1 set

CircuitDiagram:

Theory:
The three phase power in a balanced system can be measured by using two single phase wattmeters. The
three phase can measured by using two phase wattmeters. The three phase can measured by using 3
wattmeter, 2 wattmeter and 1 wattmeter method.
The wattmeter is a electrical power measuring instrument. It mainly consists two coils i) Current coil ii)
Department of Electrical & Electronics, B.L.D.E.A’s CET Vijayapura
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 Electric Circuit Analysis Laboratory (21EE33)

Potential coil. The current coil is connected in series with the load, potential coil is connected across the
load. The current flows through current coi is proportional to load current and current flows through the
potential coil is proportional to applied voltage.

Procedure:
7. The electrical connections are made as shown in circuit diagram.
8. The main supply is switched ON with keeping dimmerstat at zero output and 3 phase load at OFF
position.
9. Apply the suitable voltage by varying dimmerstat, load switch is ON and load is applied in suitable
steps.
10. At each step ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter radings are noted.
11. The above steps are repeated for another suitable load.
12. The loads are switched OFF by step by step, dimmerstat is brought back to minimum voltage position
and main supply switch is opened.

Tabular Colomn:

Wattmeter Wattmeter Total Power = Power

SI Line Voltage Line current
No
reading W1 in reading W2 in W1 + W2 in factor
(VL) in Volts (IL) in Amps
Watts Watts Watts cosØ
1

Result: The three phase power is measured by using two wattmeter method for three phase balanced star
connected load.

Conclusion

Hence The three phase power is measured by using two wattmeter method is verified.

Department of Electrical & Electronics, B.L.D.E.A’s CET Vijayapura

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