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Puter Networks

Computer Networks Basics

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Vimal Vijayakumar
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10 views2 pages

Puter Networks

Computer Networks Basics

Uploaded by

Vimal Vijayakumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Networks

What is a network?
. The collection of interconnected computers is called a computer network.
. Two computers are said to be interconnected if they are capable of sharing and exchanging information.

Advantages
. Resource Sharing
. Reliability
. Cost Factor
. Communication Medium
Resource Sharing means to make all programs, data and peripherals available to anyone on the network
irrespective of the physical location of the resources and the user.
Reliability means to keep the copy of a file on two or more different machines, so if one of them is unavailable
(due to some hardware crash or any other) them its other copy can be used.
Cost factor means it greatly reduces the cost since the resources can be shared
Communication Medium means one can send messages and whatever the changes at one end are done can be
immediately noticed at another.

Evolution of Networking
-ARPANET (ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECT AGENCY NETWORK)-1969
ARPANET was the network that became the basis for the Internet. ARPANET was developed under the
direction of the U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). In 1969, the idea became a modest reality
with the interconnection of four university computers. The initial purpose was to communicate with and
share computer resources among mainly scientific users at the connected institutions.
-NSFNET (NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION NETWORK) -mid 80‘S
The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects
sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) beginning in 1985 to promote advanced research and
education networking in the United States. Initially created to link researchers to the nation's NSF-funded
supercomputing centers, through further public funding and private industry partnerships it developed into
a major part of the Internet backbone.
-INTERNET
Internet is the network of networks. The Internet is a global network connecting millions of computers. More
than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions. ARPANET adopted TCP/IP on
January 1, 1983, and from there researchers began to assemble the “network of networks” that became the
modern Internet. The online world then took on a more recognizable form in 1990, when computer scientist
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web.
What is TCP/IP?

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. It defines how electronic devices (like
computers) should be connected over the Internet, and how data should be transmitted between them.
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCP is responsible for breaking data down into small packets before they can be sent over a network, and for
assembling the packets again when they arrive at the recipient computer.

IP - Internet Protocol
IP takes care of the communication between computers. It is responsible for addressing, sending and receiving
the data packets over the Internet.

WWW-(World Wide Web)


Why is the internet not the world wide web?
Many people think that the internet and the world wide web are the same thing. While they are closely linked,
they are very different systems.
The internet is a huge network of computers all connected together. The world wide web (‘www’ or ‘web’ for
short) is a collection of webpages found on this network of computers. Your web browser uses the internet
to access the web.
In 1989 the world wide web was invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. He was trying to find a new way for scientists
to easily share the data from their experiments. He also made the world’s first web browser and web server.

Interspace
Interspace is a client/server software program that allows multiple users to communicate online with real time
audio, video and text chat in dynamic 3D environments. It provides the most advanced form of
communications available on Internet today.

Node
It refers to a computer that is attached to a network and is seeking to share the resources of the network. It is
often called as workstations.

Server
A computer that facilitates the sharing of data, software and hardware resources (eg., printers, modems etc.) on
the network. It serves the requests of other client computers on the network.

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