Bachelor of Technology (Electronics & Communication Engineering) (Credit Based)

KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA

Modified Scheme of

Studies/Examination Semester V

(w.e.f. session 2020-2021)

S.No Course Subject L:T:P Hours/ Credits Examination Schedule (Marks) Duration
. No. Week of Exam
(Hrs.)
Major Minor Practical Total
Test Test
1 HM-903A Soft Skill & Interpersonal 3:0:0 3 3 75 25 0 100 3
Communication
2 EC-303LA Electromagnetic Waves Lab 0:0:2 2 1 - 40 60 100 3
3 EC-305A Computer Organization & 3:0:0 3 3 75 25 0 100 3
Architecture
4 EC-307A Information Theory and Coding 3:0:0 3 3 75 25 0 100 3
5 EC-309A Digital Signal Processing 3:0:0 3 3 75 25 0 100 3
6 EC-311LA Digital Signal Processing Lab 0:0:2 2 1 0 40 60 100 3
7 ECP* Program Elective-I 3:0:0 3 3 75 25 0 100 3
8 ECO* Open Elective-I 3:0:0 3 3 75 25 0 100 3
9 **EC-313A Industrial Training-II 2:0:0 2 - - *10 - *100 3
0
10 ***MC- Essence of Indian Traditional 3:0:0 3 - 100 - 0 100 3
903A Knowledge
Total 27 20 550 230 120 900
rd
* The course of both Program Elective and Open Elective will be offered at 1/3 strength or 20 students (whichever is smaller) of the section.

**EC-313 is a mandatory credit-less course in which the students will be evaluated for the industrial training undergone after 4 th semester and
students will be required to get passing marks to qualify.

***MC-903 is a mandatory credit-less course in which the students will be required to get passing marks in the major test.

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 Bachelor of Technology ( Electronics & Communication Engineering) (Credit Based)
KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA
Modified Scheme of Studies/Examination

LIST OF OPEN ELECTIVES (B.TECH. ECE) LIST OF PROGRAM ELECTIVES

(B.TECH. ECE)
SEM CODE SUBJECT SEM CODE SUBJECT
V ECO-1A Computer Networks V ECP-1A Probability Theory & Stochastic
Processes
ECO-2A Mechatronics
ECP-2A Speech and Audio Processing
ECO-3A Electronic Measurement and Instruments ECP-3A Introduction to MEMS
ECO-4A Renewable Energy Resources ECP-4A Power Electronics
MOOC1 ECP-5A VLSI Technology

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 HM-903A Soft Skills & Interpersonal Communication
Major Minor Practical
Lecture Tutori Practical Credit Total Time
Test Test
al
3 0 0 3 75 25 - 100 3 Hrs.
Course Outcomes
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to
CO1 Develop basic understanding of Communication
CO2 Understand the process of communication and speaking
CO3 Develop the Personality concepts and its implementation
CO4 Develop the basic of Group Discussion and interviews

Unit-I
Communication: Introduction Verbal, Non-Verbal, kinesics, proxemics, chronemics, Types of
communication, extra personal communication, intrapersonal communication, intrapersonal
communication, mass communication, Creativity in communication, Role of communication, flow of
Communication and its need, Persuasive communication and negotiation; Time management in Persuasive
communication, Importance of Persuasive Communication

Unit-II
Barriers in the way of communication, noise, intrapersonal barriers, interpersonal barriers, organizational
barriers, Extra personal barriers, Basics of communication: importance of communication, process of
communication, objectives and characteristics of communication, Communication skills: Accent,
Intonation, Phonetics, Speaking skills, Confidence, clarity, Fluency, Quality, pronunciation

Unit-III
Personality Development; what is personality? Role of personality, Heredity, Environment, situation,
Basics of personality, Soft skills; Needs and training, Activity in soft skills, Organizational skill;
introduction and its need ,basics principles for Organization skills, Stress management; Introduction, Stress
at home and office, Stress prevention, analyze the model of stress.
Unit-IV
Group discussion, form of Group discussion, strategy for Group discussion, discussing problems and
solution, Oral presentation, introduction, planning, Occasion, Purpose, Modes of delivery, Resume making;
Purpose of Resume, Resume design and structure, contents in Resume, types of resume, Job interview,
introduction, objective of Interview, types of interview, stages of interview, Face to face interview and
campus interview

Text Books:
1.Technical Communication Principles and Practice by Meenakshi Raman and Sangeeta Sharma by Oxford Publication

Reference Books:
1.Personality Development and soft skills by Barun K. Mitra, Oxford Publication
2.Communication Skills For Engineers by C.Muralikrishna and Sunita Mishra, Pearson Pub.

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 EC- Computer Organization and Architecture
305A
Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Test Minor Test Practical Total Time
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (Hrs.)
3 - - 3 75 25 - 100 3 Hrs.
Course Outcomes
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to
CO1 To understand the concept of basics of computer hardware & software

CO2 To understand the concept of control design & processor design

CO3 To familiarize with the concept of various memory systems.

CO4 To familiarize with the concept of system organisation.

UNIT-I
Basic Structure of Computer Hardware and Software: Introduction to basic computer architecture, register
transfer, bus and memory transfers, arithmetic, logic and shift micro operations. Central Processing Unit:
Introduction, general register organization, stack organization, instruction formats, addressing modes, data
transfer and manipulation, program control, RISC, Macros and Subroutines.
UNIT-II

Control Design: Micro programmed control, control memory, address sequencing, micro program example,
design of control unit, Hardwired Control: design methods, Multiplier Control Unit, CPU
Control unit.
Processor Design: Decimal arithmetic unit –BCD adder, BCD subtraction, decimal arithmetic operations,
Forms of Parallel processing classification of Parallel structures, Array Processors, Structure of general
purpose Multiprocessors.

UNIT-III
Memory Organization:
Memory hierarchy, device characteristics, auxillary memory, associative memory, cache memory, virtual
memory, memory management, hardware multiprocessor architectures and their characteristics,
interconnection structures, Random access memories: semiconductor RAMS, Serial-access Memories –
Memory organization, Main Memory Allocation.

UNIT-IV
System Organization:
Pipeline and Vector Processing: Parallel processing, pipelining, arithmetic pipeline, instruction pipeline,
RISC pipeline, vector processing, array processors, Input-output Organization: Peripheral devices, input-
output interface, asynchronous data transfer, modes of transfer, priority interrupt, DMA,

Text Books:
1. Morris Mano, “Computer System Architecture”, PHI.
2. J.F. Heys, “Computer Organization and Architecture”, TMH.

Reference Books:
1. J. Hennessy and D. Patterson, Computer Architecture A Quantitative Approach, 3rd Ed,
Morgan Kaufmann, 2002.

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 EC-307A INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING

Lecture Tutorial Practical Major Test Minor Test Total Time

(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (Hrs.)
3 0 0 75 25 100 3 Hr.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Acquire knowledge to understand the concept of information and entropy
CO2 Ability to analyze and understand Shannon’s theorem for coding
CO3 Foster ability to identify basic errors Calculation of channel capacity
CO4 To develop skills to apply coding techniques

UNIT – I
Probability, random variables, Probability distribution functions and probability density functions,
Expectation, moments, Random Processes, mean and Auto Correlation, Stationary and ergodicity,
Information theory : the definition of information, the zero-memory information source, entropy for discrete
ensembles; properties of entropy, Shannon's noiseless coding theorem; Encoding of discrete sources,
UNIT-II
Properties of codes: Introduction, types of codes: uniquely decodable codes, instantaneous codes,
construction of an instantaneous code, Kraft inequality: statement and discussion and Proof, Markov sources;
Shannon's noisy coding theorem and converse for discrete channels; Calculation of channel capacity and
bounds for discrete channels; Application to continuous channels.

UNIT – III
Coding information sources: The average length of a code, Shannon’s First Theorem, Finding binary
compact codes- Huffman codes, Code efficiency and redundancy; Channels and mutual information:
Information channels, Binary symmetric channels, Probability relations in a channel, A priori and A
posteriori entropies, Mutual information, properties of mutual information, types of channels: Noiseless,
deterministic, Cascaded channels, Channel capacity.

UNIT – IV
Channel Coding: Shannon second theorem for Noisy channels, Introduction to error control coding, Types
of codes, Maximum Likelihood decoding, Linear block codes, Error detecting and correcting capabilities of
a block code, Hamming code, cyclic code, Convolutional arithmetic codes.

Text/Reference Books:

1. N. Abramson, Information and Coding, McGraw Hill, 1963.

2. M. Mansurpur, Introduction to Information Theory, McGraw Hill, 1987.
3. R.B. Ash, Information Theory, Prentice Hall, 1970.
4. Shu Lin and D.J. Costello Jr., Error Control Coding, Prentice Hall, 1983.

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 EC-309A Digital Signal Processing
Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Minor Practical Total Time
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (Hrs.) Test Test
3 - - 3 75 25 - 100 3
Course Outcomes
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to
CO1 Obtain Z-transformation of discrete time signals
CO2 Obtain DFT and FFT of discrete time signals
CO3 Implement structures for different discrete time systems
CO4 Design of FIR and IIR digital filters for various applications

Unit-I
Discrete Transforms: Z- transform and its properties, Inversion of Z-transform, One sided Z- transform and
solution of differential equations. Analysis of LTI systems in Z-domain, causality, stability, schur-cohn
stability test, relationship between Z-transform and Fourier transform.
Frequency Selective Filters: All pass filters, minimum-phase, maximum-phase and mixed- phase systems,
Goertzel algorithm, Chirp Z-transform, applications of Z-Transform.

Unit-II
Frequency Domain Sampling and DFT: DTFT, DFT, properties, Linear filtering using DFT, Frequency
analysis of signals using DFT, radix 2 and radix-4 FFT, computation of DFT of real sequences.
Implementation Structures of Discrete Time Systems: Direct form, cascade form, frequency sampling
and lattice structures for FIR systems. Direct forms, transposed form, cascade form parallel form. Lattice and
lattice ladder structures for IIR systems.

Unit-III
Design of FIR Filters: Characteristics of practical frequency selective filters, types of FIR filters, filter
design specifications such as peak pass band ripple, minimum stop band attenuation etc., alternation theorem.
Design of FIR filters using windowing method, frequency sampling method and Park-McClellan's method.
Design of optimum equiripple FIR filters. Comparison of design methods for FIR filters. Effect of finite
register length in FIR filter design.

Unit-IV
Design of IIR Filters: Design of IIR filters from analog filters, Design by approximation of derivatives,
Impulse Invariance Method, Bilinear Transformation Method, Least Square Methods. Characteristics of
Butterworth, Chebyshev and Elliptical analog filters, Frequency transformations, design of IIR filters in
frequency domain.

Text/Reference Books:
1. J. G. Proakis and D.G. Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms And
Applications”, 4th ed. Prentice Hall.
2. A.V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer, “Discrete Time Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall, 1989.
3. S. K. Mitra, “Digital Signal Processing: A computer based approach”, McGraw Hill, 2011.
4. L. R. Rabiner and B. Gold, “Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall,
1992.
5. J. R. Johnson, “Introduction to Digital Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall, 1992.
6. D. J. DeFatta, J. G. Lucas andW. S. Hodgkiss, “Digital Signal Processing”, John Wiley & Sons,
1988.

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 MC-903A Essence Of Indian Traditional Knowledge
Lecture Tutoria Practical Credit Major Minor Practical Total Time
(Hrs.) l (Hrs.) (Hrs.) Test Test
3 - - - 100 - - 100 3
Purpose To impart basic principles of thought process, reasoning and inferencing.
Course Outcomes
CO2 The students will be able to understand, connect up and explain basics of Indian Traditional
knowledge in modern scientific perspective.

Note: The paper setter will set the paper as per the question paper template provided.

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ECP-1A Probability Theory &Stochastic Processes
Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Test Minor Test Total Time
3 - - 3 75 25 100 3Hr
Purpose To familiarize the students with the basics of Probability Theory &Stochastic Processes
Course Outcomes
CO1 Develop an understanding to the basic concepts of Sets, Probabilities &Random
Variables.
CO 2 To understand various distribution functions &bounds.
CO 3 To analyze and appreciate various Random Sequences and theorems.
CO 4 To apply various Random Processes &Power Spectral Density to real life problems.

Unit-I
Sets and set operations; Probability space; Conditional probability and Bayes theorem; Combinatorial
probability and sampling models. Discrete random variables, probability mass function, probability
distribution function,example random variables and distributions; Continuous random variables,
probability density function, probability distribution function, example distributions

Unit-II
Joint distributions, functions of one and two random variables, moments of random variables; Conditional
distribution, densities and moments; Characteristic functions of a random variable; Markov, Chebyshev
and Chernoff bounds

Unit-III
Random sequences and modes of convergence (everywhere, almost everywhere, probability, distribution
and mean square); Limit theorems; Strong and weak laws of large numbers, central limit theorem.

Unit-IV
Random process. Stationary processes. Mean and covariance functions. Ergodicity, Transmission of
random process through LTI. Power spectral density.

Text Books:
1. H. Stark and J. Woods, ``Probability and Random Processes with Applications to Signal Processing,''
ThirdEdition, Pearson Education

2. A. Papoulis and S. Unnikrishnan Pillai, ``Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes,''
Fourth Edition, McGraw Hill.

Reference Books:
1. K. L. Chung, Introduction to Probability Theory with Stochastic Processes, Springer International,
2. P. G. Hoel, S. C. Port and C. J. Stone, Introduction to Stochastic Processes, UBS Publishers
3. S. Ross, Introduction to Stochastic Models, Harcourt Asia, Academic Press.

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ECP-2A SPEECH and AUDIO PROCESSING

Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Minor Test Total Time(Hrs)

(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (Hrs.) Test
3 - - 3 75 25 100 3
Course To enlighten the students about the fundamentals of speech and audio processing.
Objectives
Course Outcomes
At the end of this course the student should be able to
CO1 Mathematically model the speech signal

CO2 Analyze the quality and properties of speech signal.

CO3 Modify and enhance the speech and audio signals.

CO4 To understand various speed coding standards.

Unit-I
Introduction- Speech production and modeling - Human Auditory System;General structure of speech
coders; Classification of speech coding techniques – parametric, waveform and hybrid ; Requirements of
speech codecs –quality, coding delays, robustness.
Speech Signal Processing- Pitch-period estimation, all-pole and all-zero filters,convolution; Power spectral
density, periodogram, autoregressive model, autocorrelation estimation.
Unit-II
Linear Prediction of Speech- Basic concepts of linear prediction; LinearPrediction Analysis of non-
stationary signals –prediction gain, examples; Levinson-Durbin algorithm; Long term and short-term linear
prediction models; Moving average prediction.
Speech Quantization- Scalar quantization–uniform quantizer, optimum quantizer,logarithmic quantizer,
adaptive quantizer, differential quantizers; Vector quantization – distortion measures, codebook design,
codebook types.
Unit-III
Scalar Quantization of LPC- Spectral distortion measures, Quantization based onreflection coefficient and
log area ratio, bit allocation; Line spectral frequency – LPC to LSF conversions, quantization based on LSF.
Linear Prediction Coding- LPC model of speech production; Structures of LPCencoders and decoders;
Voicing detection; Limitations of the LPC model.
Unit-IV
Code Excited Linear Prediction-CELP speech production model; Analysis-by-synthesis; Generic CELP
encoders and decoders; Excitation codebook search – state-save method, zero-input zerostate method;
CELP based on adaptive codebook, Adaptive Codebook search; Low Delay CELP and algebraic CELP.
Speech Coding Standards-An overview of ITU-T G.726, G.728 and G.729standards.

Text/Reference Books:
1. “Digital Speech” by A.M.Kondoz, Second Edition (Wiley Students Edition), 2004.
2. “Speech Coding Algorithms: Foundation and Evolution of Standardized Coders”, W.C. Chu, WileyInter
science, 2003.

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ECP-3A Introduction to MEMS
Lecture Tutorial Practical Major Test Minor Test Total Time Credit
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (Hrs.)
3 0 0 75 25 100 3 Hr. 3
Course Outcomes
CO1 Students will be using knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering to understand
various MEMS devices.
CO2 Students be able to Appreciate the underlying working principles of MEMS and NEMS
devices.
CO3 Understanding basic principles of bulk micromachining and clean rooms practices
CO4 Understand Design and model of MEM devices.

UNIT-I
Introduction: MEMS definition, classification of MEMS, Historical Background, Established applications of
MEMS, modern MEMS applications, Miniaturization issues, Micro/Nano Sensors, Actuators and Systems
overview, Multidisciplinary nature of MEMS – principles and examples of Micro sensors and micro
actuators.
UNIT-II
Scaling laws in miniaturization - scaling advantages and issues, influence of scaling on material properties,
scaling in mechanical systems, scaling in fluidic systems, scaling chemical and biological systems, scaling
in heat conducting and heat convection.

UNIT-III
Basic MEMS fabrication methods: MEMS Fabrication Methods, Oxidation, Deposition Techniques,
Photolithography, Materials for Micromachining, Substrates, additive Films and Materials, Bulk
Micromachining, Wet Etching Dry Etching, Surface Micromachining, Fusion Bonding, High-Aspect- Ratio-
Micromachining, LIGA, Laser Micromachining, Computer Aided Design, Assembly and System
Integration, Multi-Chip Modules, Passivation and Encapsulation,

UNIT-IV
Mechanics of solids in MEMS/NEMS: Stresses, Strain, Hookes’s law, Poisson effect, Linear Thermal
Expansion, Bending; Energy methods, Overview of Finite Element Method, Modeling of Coupled
Electromechanical Systems.

Text/Reference Book:
1. G. K. Ananthasuresh, K. J. Vinoy, S. Gopalkrishnan K. N. Bhat, V. K. Aatre, Micro and
Smart Systems, Wiley India, 2012.
2. S. E.Lyshevski, Nano-and Micro-Electromechanical systems: Fundamentals of Nano-and
Microengineering (Vol. 8). CRC press, (2005).
3. S. D. Senturia, Microsystem Design, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
4. M. Madou, Fundamentals of Microfabrication, CRC Press, 1997.

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ECP-4A POWER ELECTRONICS
Lecture Tutorial Practical Major Test Minor Test Total Time Credit
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (Hrs.)
3 0 0 75 25 100 3 Hr. 3
Course Outcomes
CO1 Acquire knowledge about Build and test circuits using power devices such as SCR

CO2 Ability to analyze Analyze and design controlled rectifier, DC to DC converters, DC to AC

inverters
CO3 Foster ability to Learn how to analyze these inverters and some basic applications
CO4 To develop skills to build, and Design SMPS.

UNIT-I
Characteristics of Semiconductor Power Devices: Thyristor, power MOSFET and IGBT : structure,
Characteristics, operation, Brief introduction to power devices: TRIAC, MOS controlled thyristor (MCT),
Thyristor Triggering circuit, Thyristor commutation circuit, Uses and design of snubber circuits for thyristor,
power MOSFETs and IGBT. Fast recovery diodes and schottky diodes.
UNIT-II
Rectifiers types: Controlled and Uncontrolled Rectifiers: Single phase: Study of semi and full bridge
converters for R, RL, RLE loads. Analysis of load voltage, load current and derivation of load form factor
and ripple factor, Effect of source impedance on the performance of the controlled rectifiers, Analysis of
three phase half wave controlled rectifiers with R load, Analysis of three phase half wave controlled rectifiers
with R load.

UNIT-III
Choppers: Quadrant operations of Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D and type E choppers, Control strategies
for choppers, Detailed analysis of Type A chopper. Step up chopper. Inverters: Types of inverters, operating
principle, Single phase half bridge inverter, Single phase full bridge inverter.

UNIT-IV
AC Voltage Controllers: Types of AC voltage controllers: symmetrical and asymmetrical controllers,
Principle of phase control, ON-OFF control, Single phase ac voltage controller with R load. Cycloconverters:
Principle of cycloconverter operation, step up and step down cycloconverters, Output voltage equation for a
cycloconverter, Applications: Switching Power Supplies, SMPS, UPS.

Text /Reference Books:

1. Muhammad H. Rashid, “Power electronics” Prentice Hall of India.
2. Ned Mohan, Robbins, “Power electronics”, edition III, John Wiley and sons.
3. P.C. Sen., “Modern Power Electronics”, edition II, Chand& Co.
4. V.R.Moorthi, “Power Electronics”, Oxford University Press.
5. Cyril W., Lander,” Power Electronics”, edition III, McGraw Hill.

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ECP-5A VLSI Technology

Lecture Tutorial Practical Major Test Minor Test Total Time Credit
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (Hrs.)
3 0 0 75 25 100 3 Hr. 3
Course Outcomes
CO1 Students will be able estimate oxide thickness, growth rate, etch rate, deposition rate, and
perform pattern etching etc. using knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering and
practices.
CO2 Students can design and conduct experiments such as oxidation, metallization and analyze
growth / deposition rate, thickness etc.
CO3 Shall be able to understand system, design such as CVD reactor, PVD chamber etc.
CO4 Understanding of fabrication sequence of CMOS and NMOS , PMOS Integrated circuits.

UNIT-I
Crystal growth: monolithic and hybrid ICs, crystal growth, Czochralski technique of crystal growth, wafer
preparation and specifications, defects, measurements of parameters of crystals, Fabrication steps, Oxidation:
Theory of growth of Silicon dioxide layer, oxidation kinetics, Dry, wet and high pressure oxidation, plasma
oxidation, properties of oxidation, defects induced due to oxidation.
UNIT -II
Epitaxial process: Epitaxy and its concept, Growth kinetics of epitaxial growth, Low temperature epitaxy,
growth chemistry of Si epitaxial layer, apparatus for epitaxial layer, MBE system Diffusion process:
Diffusion models of solid, Fick’s theory of diffusion, Solution of Fick`s law, diffusion parameters
measurements, Ion implantation: Scattering phenomenon, range theory, channeling, implantation damage,
ion implantation systems, Annealing.
UNIT-III
Lithography: Optical and non-optical lithography, electron, X-ray and ion-beam lithography,
contact/proximity and projection printers, alignment. Photoresist and Etching: Types of photoresists,
polymer and materials, Etching- Dry & Wet etching, basic regimes of plasma etching, reactive ion etching
and its damages, lift-off, and sputter etching.
UNIT-IV
Metallization: Applications and choices, physical vapor deposition, patterning, VLSI process fabrication
steps: PMOS, NMOS and CMOS IC technology, Packaging : Package types, packaging design consideration,
VLSI assembly technologies. Yield and reliability in VLSI.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1. S.M. SZE, VLSI Technology , McGraw Hill. 2009, 2nd Edition
2. S. K. Gandhi, VLSI Fabrication Principles, Wiley, 2nd edition
3. S.A. Campbell, The Science and Engineering of Microelectronic Fabrication ,Oxford 2008,2nd edition
4. Sedra & Smith, Microelectronic Circuits 2004, Oxford, 5th edition
5. J.D. Plummer, Silicon VLSI Technology: Fundamentals, Practice, and Modeling, Pearson.

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ECO-1A Computer Networks

Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Minor Practical Total Time

(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (Hrs.) Test Test
3 - - 3 75 25 - 100 3 Hrs
Purpose To familiarize the students with the concepts of basic computer networks used in
communication. Also familiarize the students with the various layers of OSI and TCP/IP
model.
Course Outcomes
CO1 To understand the concept of basics of computer networks and physical layer& media.
CO2 To understand the concept and processes of data link layer and medium access
sublayer.
CO3 To familiarize with the concept and design issues of network, transport & session layer and
presentation layer.
CO4 To familiarize with the concept and protocols of application layer.

Unit – I
Introduction: Introduction to Computer Networks, Protocols and standards, Network Models: The OSI
Model, TCP/IP protocol suite, Introduction to addressing.
Physical Layer and Media: Guided &Unguided media,Circuit Switching and Packet Switching, The
TelephoneSystem, ATM.

Unit -II
The Data Link Layer: Data Link Layer Design issues,Data link control: Framing, Flow & Error control,
Noiseless channels, Noisy channels, HDLC, Point to Point protocols.
The Medium Access Sublayer: Aloha Protocols, LAN Protocols: wired LAN’s, Wireless LAN.

Unit -III
Network Layer: Forwarding, Flow Control, Error Control, Multicast routing, IPv4 addresses, IPv6
addresses, internetworking, SNMP, ARP
Transport & Session Layer, Presentation Layer: Flow Control and Congestion Control at the Transport
Layer,Transmission Control Protocol – Basic Features, TCP Congestion Control, cryptography

Unit-IV
Application Layer: Design issues, file transfer, access and management, electronic mail, WWW & HTTP
.
Text Books:
1. Forouzan B.A, Data Communications and Networking, Tata-Mc-Graw Hill.
2. Tanenbaum A.S, Computer Networks, PHI.
Reference Books:
1. Stallings W, Data and Computer Communications, PHI.
2. Leon –Garcia, Computer Networks, Mc Graw Hill

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 ECO-2A MECHATRONICS
Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Test Minor Test Total Time(Hrs)
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (Hrs.)
3 - - 3 75 25 100 3
Course Outcomes
The Objective of this course is to make the students aware about Mechanical and Electronic Instruments together
for different applications. This course will help students to build the fundamental concepts of inter disciplinary
problems. At the end of this course the student should be able
CO1 To understand Mechatronics System and its applications.
CO2 To understand the operations of different Sensors and Transducers and their applications.
CO3 To understand the Electrical and Mechanical Actuation Systems operations and their uses.

CO4 To understand the basic structure of PLC and its applications and designing examples of
Mechatronics Systems.

UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS: Definition, Evolution, Scope, Mechatronics Design
Elements, Examples, and Applications; Measurement Systems; Control Systems: Open and Close Loop
Systems, Block Diagram of Feedback Control System.
UNIT-II
TRANSDUCERS AND SENSORS: Transduction Principle, Classification of Transducers, Selection
Parameters, Resistive, Inductive, Capacitive, Piezoelectric, Photoelectric, Measurement of Flow and Level;
Sensors: LVDT, LMDT, Proximity, Force, Pressure, Pneumatic, Light, Touch and Tactile, Ultrasonic and
Voice Recognition etc.
UNIT-III
ACTUATORS: Actuator Types and Application Areas, Electromechanical Actuators, Electrical Actuators
: Servo and Stepper Motors; Pneumatic and Hydraulic Actuators, Piezoelectric Actuators,
Magnetostrictive actuators, Memory-metal Actuators, Ion-exchange Polymer-metal Composite;
Mechanical Actuators: Mechanism, Kinematics Chains, Bearings, Belt Drives, Chains and Chain Drives,
Pulleys, Cams and Gears.
UNIT-IV
PLC AND MECHATRONIC SYSTEM DESIGN: Microprocessors, Microcontrollers; PLC:
Introduction, Basic Structure, Input/Output Processing, Programming, Mnemonics, Timers, Internal Relays
and Counters, Data Handling, Analog Input/Output, Selection of a PLC, Advantages and Uses; Design of
Mechatronic Systems: Mechatronics design elements, Embedded system, MEMS, Robotics; Description of
Designing a Mechatronic System: Automatic Camera, Washing Machine and List of some other
Mechatronic Systems.

Text Books:
1. R. K. Rajput, “A Textbook of Mechatronics”, S. Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd, 2015.
2. Nitaigour Premchand Mahalik, “Mechatronics Principles, Concepts and Applications”, Tata
McGraw-Hill publishing company Ltd, 2003.
3. M.D.Singh & J.G. Joshi, “ Mechatronics” , PHI Learning Private Limited, 2015.

Reference Books:
1 Devdas Shetty & Richard A.Kolk, “Mechatronics System Design”, PWS Publishing Company
(Thomson Learning Inc.).
2 William Bolton, “Mechatronics Electronics Control systems in Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering”, Prentice Hall.
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ECO- 3A Electronic Measurement and Instruments

Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Minor Total Time

Test Test
3 0 0 3 75 25 100 3 Hr.
Purpose To familiarize the students with the concepts of Electronics Measurements like
measurement of voltage, current & resistance etc.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Students will learn the techniques of measurement of resistance using different
bridges
CO2 AC Bridges & Voltage Indicating & Recording Devices will be introduced to the
students
CO3 Students will be able to recognize the functioning of different Analog & Digital
Instruments
CO4 Transducers & Data Acquisition Systems will be introduced to the students
Unit-I
Measurement and Error: Functional elements and generalized configuration of a measuring Instrument,
Characteristics of instruments, errors in measurements and their statistical analysis.

Measurement of Resistance: Wheat stone bridge, Carey-Foster Bridge, Kelvin double bridge,
Measurement of Insulation resistance.

Unit-II
Bridges: Maxwell Inductance bridge. Maxwell Inductance Capacitance Bridge, Anderson’s Bridge, Hay’s
Bridge, De-Sauty’s Bridge, Schering’s bridge and Wein’s bridge.

Voltage Indicating and Recording Devices: Analog voltmeters and Potentiometers, Self balancing
potentiometer and X-Y recorders, Galvanometers - Oscillographs, Cathode - Ray Oscilloscopes, Magnetic
Tape Recorders.

Unit-III
Electronic Instruments: Wave analyzer, Distortion meter: Q-meter. Measurement of Op-Amp parameters.

Digital Instruments: Digital Indicating Instruments, Comparison with analog type, digital display
methods, digital methods of time and frequency measurements, digital voltmeters.

Unit-IV
Transducers: Classification of Transducers, Strain Gauge, Displacement Transducers - Capacitive
Transducers, LVDT, Piezo-electric Transducers, Temperature Transducers – resistance thermometer,
Thermocouples and Thermistors, Liquid level measurement Low pressure (vacuum) measurement.

Data Acquisition Systems: A to D and D to A converters, Analog and Digital Data Acquisition Systems,
Multiplexing, Spatial Encoders, Telemetry.

Text Book:
1. A Course in Electrical and Electronics Measurements and Instrumentation: A.K.
Sawhney; Dhanpat Rai & Sons.
Reference Books:
1. Electronics Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques: Cooper W.D & Helfrick
A.D.; PHI Doeblin E.O., Measurement Systems: Application & Design, Mc Graw Hill.

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ECO-4A Renewable Energy Resources
Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Test Minor Test Total Time
3 - - 3 75 25 100 3 Hour
Course Outcomes
CO 1 To understand the energy demand of world, nation and available resources to fulfill the
demand
CO 2 To know about the conventional energy resources and their effective utilization
CO 3 To acquire the knowledge of modern energy conversion technologies

CO 4 To be able to understand and perform the various characterization techniques of fuels

CO5 To be able to identify available nonconventional (renewable) energy resources and

techniques to utilize them effectively.

Unit-I

Introduction: Energy demand of world and country and gap analysis, Fossil fuel based systems, Impact of
fossil fuel based systems, Non conventional energy – seasonal variations and availability, Renewable
energy– sources and features, Hybrid energy systems. Distributed energy systems and dispersed generation
(DG).

Unit-II

Solar thermal systems: Solar radiation spectrum, Radiation measurement , Technologies, Applications,
Heating, Cooling, Drying, Distillation, Power generation; Costing : Life cycle costing (LCC),Solar thermal
system
Solar Photovoltaic systems ,Operating principle, Photovoltaic cell concepts ,Cell, module, array, Series and
parallel connections, Maximum power point tracking, Applications ,Battery charging, Pumping ,
Lighting,Peltier cooling , Costing: Life cycle costing ,Solar PV system

Unit-III

Microhydel: Operating principle, Components of a microhydel power plant, Types and characteristics of
turbines, Selection and modification, Load balancing, Costing: Life cycle costing –Microhydel Wind ; Wind
patterns and wind data, Site selection, Types of wind mills , Characteristics of wind generators, Load
matching, Life cycle costing - Wind system LCC.

Unit-IV
Biomass: Learning objectives, Operating principle, Combustion and fermentation, Anaerobic digester,
Wood gassifier, Pyrolysis, Applications, Bio gas, Wood stoves, Bio diesel, Combustion engine, Life cycle
costing - Biomass system LCC
Hybrid Systems, Need for Hybrid Systems, Range and type of Hybrid systems, Case studies of Diesel-PV,
Wind-PV, Microhydel-PV, Biomass-Diesel systems, electric and hybrid electric vehicles

Suggested Books:
1. Ashok V Desai, Non-Conventional Energy, Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi, 2003
2. Mittal K M, Non-Conventional Energy Systems, Wheeler Publishing Co. Ltd, New Delhi,2003
3. Ramesh R & Kumar K U, Renewable Energy Technologies, Narosa Publishing House, New
Delhi, 2004
4. Wakil MM, Power Plant Technology, Mc Graw Hill Book Co, New Delhi, 2004.
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 EC- Electromagnetic Waves Lab
303LA
Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Minor Total Time
Test Test
3 1.5 40 60 100 3 Hour
Purpose To give the students an idea about the study and analysis of components used in
Microwave Engineering
Course Outcomes
CO1 Students will learn the steps to analyze electric field behavior.
CO2 Students will be able to characterize standing wave ration and reflection
Coefficient.
CO3 Students will learn the steps to analyze types of waveguide.
CO4 Students will be able to find the unknown impedances in a transmission line.

List of Experiments:

1. Measurement of Electric Field between Parallel Conductors.

2. To Determine Electric Field Pattern between Two Circular Electrodes.
3. Experimentally determine the standing wave ration and reflection Coefficient in
a transmission line.
4. Measurement of Dielectric Constant.
5. Design & Characterization of Rectangular Waveguide for dominant mode using HFSS.
6. Experimentally determine the frequency & Wavelength in a rectangular waveguide
working in TE10 mode using microwave bench.
7. Design & Characterization of Circular Waveguide using HFSS.
8. Design & Characterization of Microstrip Line using HFSS.
9. To measure unknown impedance with Smith Chart.
10. Desgin & Characterization of Microstrip line using simulation software.

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EC-311LA Digital Signal Processing Lab
Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Minor Practical Total Time
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (Hrs.) Test Test
- - 2 1 - 40 60 100 3
Course Outcomes
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to
CO1 Plot different discrete time signals
CO2 Verify the aliasing effects
CO3 Design digital FIR filters for various applications
CO4 Design digital IIR filters for various applications

List of Experiments

1. Write a program to plot the following functions: a) impulse function b) unit step c) unit ramp d)
exponential and e) sinusoidal
2. Write a program to plot real part, imaginary part, magnitude and phase spectra of an exponential
function.
3. Study the aliasing effect by using a sinusoidal signal. Show the plots of' continuous time signal,
sampled signal and reconstructed signals by using subplot.
4. Write a program to compute and plot the convolution of two signals.
5. Define a function to compute the Z-transform of a finite length signal.
6. Verify the properties of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT).
7. Study of different window functions available for design of FIR filters.
8. Design of FIR filters by using windowing method.
9. Design of equiripple FIR filter.
10. Study of magnitude and phase response of Butterworth, Chebyshev and Elliptic filters.
11. Design of IIR filters by using different analog filter approximation method.

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 Bachelor of Technology (Electronics & Communication Engineering) (Credit Based)
KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA
Modified Scheme of
Studies/Examination Semester VI
(w.e.f. session 2020-2021)

S. No. Course No. Subject L:T:P Hours/ Credits Examination Schedule (Marks) Durati
Week on of
Major Minor Practical Total Exam
Test Test (Hrs.)

1 HM-901A Organizational Behavior 3:0:0 3 3 75 25 0 100 3

2 EC-302A Control System Engineering 3:0:0 3 3 75 25 0 100 3
3 EC-304LA Control System Engineering Lab 0:0:3 3 1.5 - 40 60 100 3
4 EC-306A Verilog HDL 3:0:0 3 3 75 25 0 100 3
5 EC-308LA Verilog HDL Lab 0:0:3 3 1.5 - 40 60 100 3
6 EC-310LA Mini Project/Electronic Design Workshop 0:0:4 4 2 - 40 60 100 3
7 ECP* Program Elective-II 3:0:0 3 3 75 25 0 100 3
8 ECO* Open Elective-II 3:0:0 3 3 75 25 0 100 3
Total 25 20 375 245 180 800

* The course of both Program Elective and Open Elective will be offered at 1/3rd strength or 20 students (whichever is smaller) of the

section. Note: All the students have to undergo 4 to 6 weeks Industrial Training after 6th semester which will be evaluated in 7th

semester.
 Bachelor of Technology ( Electronics &
Communication Engineering) (Credit Based)
KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY
KURUKSHETRA
Modified Scheme of Studies/Examination

LIST OF OPEN ELECTIVES (B.TECH. ECE)

SEM CODE SUBJECT LIST OF PROGRAM ELECTIVES
(B.TECH. ECE)
VI ECO-5A Data Structures
SEM CODE SUBJECT
ECO-6A Multimedia Communication
VI ECP-6A Antennas and Propagation
ECO-7A Consumer Electronics ECP-7A CMOS Design
ECP-8A Bio-Medical Electronics
ECO-8A Transducers and Their Applications
ECP-9A Scientific Computing
MOOC

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 HM-901A Organizational Behaviour

Lecture Tutoria Practical Cred Major Test Minor Test Tota Time(Hrs
(Hrs.) l (Hrs.) it l )
(Hrs.)
3 - - 3 75 25 100 3

Purpose To make the students conversant with the basics concepts of organizational culture and
behavior for nurturing their managerial skills.

Course Outcomes
At the end of this course the student should be able to
CO1 An overview about organizational behavior as a discipline and understanding the concept of
individual behavior.
CO2 Understand the concept and importance of personality, emotions and its importance in decision
making and effective leadership.
CO3 Enabling the students to know about the importance of effective motivation and its contribution
in group dynamics and resolving conflicts.
CO4 Understand how to overcome organizational stress by maintaining proper organizational culture
and effective communication

UNIT-I
Introduction to organizational behavior: Concept and importance of organizational behavior, role of Managers in OB,
foundations or approaches to organizational behavior, challenges and opportunities for OB.
Foundation of individual behavior: Biographical characteristics, concept of abilities and learning, learning and learning
cycle, components of learning, concept of values and attitude, types of attitude, attitude and workforce diversity.
UNIT-II
Introduction to personality and emotions: Definition and Meaning of Personality, Determinants of Personality,
Personality Traits Influencing OB, Nature and Meaning of Emotions, Emotions dimensions, concept of Emotional
intelligence.
Perception and individual decision making: meaning of perception, factors influencing perception, rational decision
making process, concept of bounded rationality. Leadership-trait approaches, behavioural approaches, situational
approaches, and emerging approaches to leadership.
UNIT-III
Motivation: Concept and theories of motivation, theories of motivation-Maslow, two factor theory, theory X and Y, ERG
Theory, McClelland’s theory of needs, goal setting theory, application of theories in organizational scenario, linkage
between MBO and goal setting theory, employee recognition and involvement program.
Foundations of group behavior and conflict management: Defining and classifying of groups, stages of group
development, Informal and formal groups- group dynamics, managing conflict and negotiation, a contemporary
perspective of intergroup conflict, causes of group conflicts, managing intergroup conflict through resolution.
UNIT-IV
Introduction to Organizational Communication: Meaning and importance of communication process, importance of
organizational communication, effective communication, organizational stress: definition and meaning sources and types
of stress, impact of stress on organizations, stress management techniques.
Introduction to Organization Culture: Meaning and nature of organization culture, types of culture, managing cultural
diversity, managing change and innovation-change at work, resistance to change, a model for managing organizational
change.
Text Books:
1. Colquitt, Jason A., Jeffery A. LePine, and Michael Wesson. Organizational Behavior: Improving Performance and
Commitment in the Workplace. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2017.

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 EC-302A Control System Engineering (6th Semester)
Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Minor Total Time
Test Test
3 0 0 3 75 25 100 3 Hours
Purpose The purpose of this course is to create awareness about the various types of control systems
with the techniques to analyze them so that the learner is able to mathematically design and
evaluate the conditions for which a control system can provide stable output with improved
performance.

CO1 Learner will be able to design and simplify the mathematical and graphical models of a
control system through block diagram and signal flow graph method.
CO2 Learner can evaluate the conditions for which a system can work under stable conditions in
time domain.
CO3 Learner will know about easier graphically methods to evaluate the conditions of stability
in frequency domain.
CO4 Learner will able to apply the compensation technique using state variable approach to
covert an unstable system into a stable system under certain conditions.

2. Hitt, Michael A., C. Chet Miller, and Adrienne Colella. Organizational Behavior. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley,
2015.
3. Robbins, Stephen P., and Timothy Judge. Organizational Behavior. 17th ed. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education, 2017.
Stephen P. Robins, Organisational Behavior, PHI Learning / Pearson Education, 11th edition, 2008.
Reference Books:
1. Schermerhorn, Hunt and Osborn, Organisational behavior, John Wiley.
2. Udai Pareek, Understanding Organisational Behaviour, Oxford Higher Education.
3. Mc Shane & Von Glinov, Organisational Behaviour, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
4. Aswathappa, K., Organisational Behaviour– Text and Problem, Himalaya Publication.
Note: The paper setter will set the paper as per the question paper template provided.

UNIT-I
Introduction: The Control system-Open loop & Closed loop, servomechanism, Stepper motor.
Mathematical Models of Physical Systems: Differential equation of physical systems, Transfer Function,
Block Diagram Algebra, Signal Flow-Graphs, Mason’s Formula & its application. Feedback Characteristics
of Control Systems: Feedback and Non-Feedback systems, Effects of Feedback on sensitivity (to parameter
variations), Stability, Overall gain etc.
UNIT-II
Time Response Analysis: Standard test signals, Time response of first order and second order systems,
Steady-State Errors and Error Constants, Design Specification of second-order- systems. Stability: The
concept of stability, necessary conditions for stability, Hurwitz Stability Criterion, Routh Stability Criterion,
Relative Stability Analysis. The Root Locus Technique: The Root Locus Concept, Construction
/development of Root loci for various systems, Stability considerations. Proportional, Integral and
Derivative Controllers.

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 UNIT-III
Frequency Response & Stability Analysis: Correlation between Time and Frequency response, Polar
Plots, Nyquist plots, Bode Plots, Nyquist Stability criterion, Gain margin & Phase margin, relative stability
using Nyquist Criterion, frequency response specifications.

UNIT-IV
Compensation of Control Systems: Necessity of Compensation, Phase Lag compensation, Phase Lead
Compensation, Phase Lag Lead Compensation, Feedback Compensation. State Variable Analysis: Concept
of State, State Variable and State Model, State Models for Linear Continuous Time Systems,
Diagonalization, Solution of state equations, Concept of Controllability and Observability.

Text Book: Control System Engg.: I. J. Nagrath & M.Gopal; New Age India.

Reference Books:
1.Automatic Control Systems: B.C. Kuo; PHI.
2.Modern Control Engg: K. Ogata; PHI.

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 EC-306A Verilog HDL

Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Test Minor Test Total Time(Hrs)
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (Hrs.)
3 - - 3 75 25 100 3

Course To familiarize the students with the conventions of the Verilog HDL programming, algorithmic
Objectives levels of abstraction for modelling digital hardware systems, the concept of test-benches to create
testing behavioral environments for simulation based verification.
Course Outcomes
At the end of this course the student should be able to
CO1 To understand the constructs and conventions of the Verilog HDL programming.
CO2 To understand the structural, register-transfer level (RTL), and algorithmic levels of abstraction
for modelling digital hardware systems.
CO3 To design and modelling of combinational and sequential digital systems
CO4 To apply the concept of test-benches to create testing behavioral environments for simulation
based verification.

Unit- I

Introduction: Introduction, conventional approach to digital design, VLSI design, ASIC design
flow, Role of HDL, Conventional Data flow, ASIC data flow, Verilog as HDL, Levels of Design
Description, Concurrency, Simulation and Synthesis, Functional Verification, System Tasks,
Programming Language Interface (PLI), Module, Simulation and Synthesis Tools, Test Benches.
Language constructs and conventions: Introduction, Keywords, Identifiers, White Space
Characters,
Comments, Numbers, Strings, Logic Values, Strengths, Data Types, Scalars and Vectors,
Parameters, Memory, Operators, System Tasks.

Unit-II

Gate level modelling: Introduction, AND Gate Primitive, Module Structure, Other Gate Primitives,
Illustrative Examples, Tri-State Gates, Array of Instances of Primitives, Additional Examples,
Design of Flip-flops with Gate Primitives, Delays, Strengths and Contention Resolution, Net Types,
Design of Basic Circuits.
Behavioralmodelling: Introduction, Operations and Assignments, Functional Bifurcation, Initial
Construct, Always Construct, Examples, Assignments with Delays, Wait construct, Multiple Always
Blocks, Designs at Behavioral Level, Blocking and Non-blocking Assignments, The case statement,
Simulation Flow, if and ifelse constructs, assign-deassign construct, repeat construct, for loop, the
disable construct, while loop, forever loop, parallel blocks, force-release construct, Event.

Unit-III

Modelling at data flow level: Introduction, Continuous Assignment Structures, Delays and
Continuous Assignments, Assignment to Vectors, Operators, Additional Examples.

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Switch level modelling: Introduction, Basic Transistor Switches, CMOS Switch, Bi-directional
Gates, Time Delays with Switch Primitives, Instantiations with Strengths and Delays, Strength
Contention with Trireg Nets.

Unit-IV

Functions, tasks, and user defined primitives: Introduction, Function, Tasks, User- Defined
Primitives (UDP), FSM Design (Moore and Mealy Machines).
System tasks, functions, and compiler directives: Introduction, Parameters, Path Delays, Module
Parameters, System Tasks and Functions, File-Based Tasks and Functions, Compiler Directives,
Hierarchical Access, General Observations.

Text Books:

1. T. R. Padmanabhan, B. Bala Tripura Sundari (2004), Design through Verilog HDL, Wiley &
SonsEducation, IEEE Press, USA.
2. J. Bhaskar (2003), A Verilog Primier, 2nd edition, BS Publications, India.

Reference Books:

1. Samir Palnitkar (2013), Verilog HDL, Pearson India.

2. Stephen. Brown, ZvonkoVranesic (2005), Fundamentals of Logic Design with Verilog, Tata
McGraw
Hill, India.
3. Charles H. Roth (2004), Digital Systems Design using VHDL, Jr. Thomson Publications, India.

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 EC-308LA Verilog HDL Lab
Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Minor Practical Total Time
Test Test
0 0 3 1.5 0 40 60 100 3 Hour
CO1 To describe, design, simulate, and synthesize circuits using the Verilog hardware
CO2 To design and modelling of combinational and sequential digital system.
CO3 To develop program codes for synthesis-friendly combinational and sequential logic.
CO4 To understand the advanced features of Verilog HDL and be able to write optimized codes for
complex systems.

List of Experiments:

1. Write a Program to implement logic gates.

2. Write a Program to implement half-adder.
3. Write a Program to implement Full-adder.
4. Write a Program to implement 4 bit addition/subtraction.
5. Write a Program to implement a 3:8 decoder.
6. Write a Program to implement an 8:1 mulltiplexer.
7. Write a Program to implement an 1:8 demultiplexer.
8. Write a Program to implement 4 bit comparator.
9. Write a Program to implement Mod-10 up counter.
10. Write a Program to perform serial to parallel transfer of 4 bit binary number.
11. Write a program to perform parallel to serial transfer of 4 bit binary number
12. Write a program to implements 8 bit ALU containing 4 arithmetic & 4 logic operation.

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EC-304LA Control System Engineering Lab
Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Minor Total Time
Test Test
3 1.5 40 60 100 3 Hour
Purpose To make students capable to design solutions for Control System engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs of
modern automated engineering industries.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Students will be able to execute time response analysis of a second order control
system using MATLAB
CO2 Students will be able to design Lag, Lead, Lead-Lag compensators and verify
experimental results using MATLAB.
CO3 Analyze toque- speed characteristics of DC and AC servomotors.
CO4 Analyze and interpret stability of the system through Root Locus, Bode plot and
Nyquist plot.

List of Experiments:

1. Using MATLAB obtain time response of a second order system in case of under damped, over
damped and critically damped systems.

2. To design a passive RC lead compensating network for the given specifications and to obtain
its frequency response.

3. To design a passive RC lag compensating network for the given specifications and to obtain its
frequency response.

4. To obtain torque speed characteristics of AC servo motor.

5. To obtain torque speed characteristics of DC servo motor.

6. To determine frequency response of a second order system and evaluation of Frequency domain
specifications.

7. To simulate a DC position control system and hence to find the step response using MATLAB.

8. Obtain the phase margin and gain margin for a given transfer function by drawing bode plots
and verify the same using MATLAB.

9. To obtain Root locus of a given T. F. and hence finding breakaway point, intersection point on
imaginary axis and to draw the Nyquist plot for the given transfer function using MATLAB.

10. To digitally simulate the time response characteristics of Linear SISO systems using state variable
formulation.

11. Experiment to draw the frequency response of a given lead-lag compensating network.
TOPPERWORLD.IN
 ECP-6A Antennas & Propagation
Lecture Major Minor
Tutorial Practical Credit Total Time
Test Test
3
0 0 3 75 25 100 3 Hrs.
To familiarize the students with: Antennas used for various applications, performance parameters
Purpose of antenna, methods of analysis of antenna, and different ways of propagating the
signal.
CO1 To Understand the structure and properties of various antennas.
CO2 To understand the performance parameters of antenna.
CO3 To design antenna of required specifications.
CO4 To understand the different ways of signal propagation.

Unit-I
Fundamental concept: Physical concept of radiation, Retarded potential, Radiation pattern, near- and far-
field regions. Antenna Parameters: Radiation Resistance, Gain, Directive Gain, Power Gain, Directivity,
Efficiency, Beam width, Effective Height, Effective Aperture, Bandwidth and Antenna Temperature.
Radiation from Wires: Radiation from Hertzian Dipole, Short Dipole, Monopole Antenna, Folded Dipole
Antenna and Half Wave Dipole.
Unit-II
Antenna Arrays: Uniform Linear Arrays - Broadside Arrays, Endfire Arrays. Analysis of arrays of 2
Isotropic Sources - Different Cases, Analysis of arrays of N Isotropic Sources - Different Cases, Principle
of Pattern Multiplication, Binomial Array, Chebyshev Array. TV Transmission & Reception Antennas:
Turnstile Antennas, Yagi-Uda antennas. Standard Antennas: Loop Antenna (Rectangular & Circular),
Helical Antenna, Biconical Antenna.
Unit-III
Aperture & Slot Antennas: Radiation from Rectangular Apertures, Uniform and Tapered Aperture, Horn
antenna, Reflector Antenna , Cassegrain and Gregorian Feeding Structures, Rectangular Slot Antenna.
Broadband Antennas: Huygens' Principle, The frequency independent concept: Rumsey’s principle,
Frequency Independent Planar Log Spiral Antenna, Frequency independent conical spiral antenna, Log
periodic antenna, Lens Antenna.
Microstrip/Patch Antennas: Basic configurations of patch antennas: Rectangular, Circular. Different
Feeding Techniques. Method to Analyze Patch antenna: Transmission Line Model.

Unit-IV
Propagation of Radio Waves: Introduction, Ground Wave Propagation, Space Wave Propagation and Sky
Wave Propagation: Virtual Height, Critical Frequency, Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) – Skip
Distance, Fading, Multi Hop Propagation, Duct Propagation, Troposcatter Propagation, Flat Earth and
Curved Earth Concept,.

REFERENCES:
1. J. D. Kraus, Antennas, McGraw Hill, 1988.
2. C.A. Balanis, Antenna Theory - Analysis and Design, John Wiley, 1982.
3. Antenna & Wave Propagation- K.D. Prasad, Satya Parkashan.
3. R.E. Collin, Antennas and Radio Wave Propagation, McGraw Hill, 1985.
4. I.J. Bahl and P. Bhartia, Micro Strip Antennas, Artech House, 1980.
6. A.R.Harish, M.Sachidananda, Antenna and Wave Propagation, Oxford University Press.

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 ECP-7A CMOS Design

Major Minor
Lecture Tutorial Practical Total Time
Test Test
3 0 0 75 25 100 3 Hr.
Course Outcomes
CO1 Student will be able to analyze MOS transistor characteristics
CO2 Student will be able to design CMOS invertor of specific characteristics
Student will be able to design combinational CMOS circuit of given boolean
CO3 equation
CO4 Student will be able to design sequential CMOS circuit of given specification

Unit- I

Introduction: Overview of VLSI Design Methodologies, VLSI Design flow, Design hierarchy,
VLSI Design styles.
MOS Transistor: MOS structure, MOS system under external bias, structure and operation of
MOSFET, C-V characteristics.

Unit- II

MOS Invertors: Introduction, resistive load invertor, invertor with n-type MOSFET load, CMOS
invertor: circuit operation, noise margin, design of invertor, power and area consideration. .

Unit -III

Combinational MOS Logic: nMOS logic circuits with depletion nMOS load, CMOS logic
circuits, complex logic circuits, CMOS pass gates

Unit-IV

Sequential MOS Logic circuits: Behaviour of bistable elemens, SR latch circuit, clocked latch
and flip flop, CMOS D Latch and edge triggered flip flop

Text Books:
1. S. M. Kang and Y. Leblebici, CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits : Analysis and Design, Third
Edition, MH, 2002.

Reference Books:
1. N. Weste, K. Eshraghian and M. J. S. Smith, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design : A Systems
Perspective, Second Edition (Expanded), AW/Pearson, 2001.
2.J. P. Uyemura, CMOS Logic Circuit Design, Kluwer, 1999.

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 ECP- Biomedical Electronics
8A
Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Minor Practical Total Time
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (Hrs.) Test Test
3 - - 3 75 25 - 100 3
Course Outcomes
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to
CO1 Understand and explain the concept of biomedical signals, electrodes and
Instrumentation
CO2 Understand and explain the physiological transducers and recording systems
CO3 Understand and explain biomedical recorders and patient monitoring systems
CO4 Understand and explain cardiac pacemakers, defibrillator and patient safety

UNIT-I
Introduction: Role of technology in medicine, physiological systems of the body, sources of biomedical
signals, basic medical instrumentation and their performance requirements, intelligent medical
instrumentation systems, consumer and portable medical equipment, implantable medical devices, role of
engineers in healthcare facilities.
Bioelectric Signals and Electrodes: Origin of bioelectric signals, recording electrodes, silver- silver
chloride electrodes, electrodes for ECG, electrodes for EMG, electrical conductivity of electrode jellies
and creams, microelectrodes.

UNIT-II
Physiological Transducers: Definition, classification and performance characteristics of transducers,
displacement, position and motion transducers, pressure transducers, transducers for body temperature
measurement, photoelectric transducers, optical fiber sensors, biosensors, smart sensors.
Recording System: Basic recording system, general considerations for signal conditioners, preamplifiers,
sources of noise in low level measurements, biomedical signal analysis and processing techniques, the
main amplifier and driver stage, writing systems.

UNIT-III
Biomedical Recorders: Electrocardiograph, vectorcardiograph (Vcg), phonocardiograph (Pcg), digital
stethoscope, electroencephalograph (Eeg), electromyograph.
Patient Monitoring Systems: System concepts, cardiac monitor, bedside patient monitoring systems,
central monitors, measurement of heart rate, measurement of temperature, measurement of respiration
rate, catheterization laboratory instrumentation, ambulatory monitoring instruments.
UNIT-IV
Cardiac Pacemakers and Defibrillators: Need for cardiac pacemaker and defibrillator, external
pacemakers, implantable pacemakers, pacing system analyzer, DC defibrillator, implantable defibrillators,
types of defibrillators, defibrillator analyzer.
Patient Safety: Electric shock hazards, leakage currents, safety codes for electromedical equipment,
electrical safety analyzer.

Text/Reference Books:

1. R S Khandpur: Handbook of biomedical instrumentation, 3rd ed., McGraw Hill

Education.
2. Joseph D. Bronzino: The biomedical engineering handbook, 2nd ed., CRC Press.

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 ECP- Scientific Computing
9A
Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Minor Practical Total Time
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (Hrs.) Test Test
3 - - 3 75 25 - 100 3
Course Outcomes
At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to
CO1 To understand the concept of computational linear algebra and apply the matrix
decompositions techniques to solve the problems of linear algebra

CO2 To understand the concept of Scientific computing and will be able to find the solution
of linear and non linear equations
CO3 To learn the concept of Vector functions, partial derivatives, gradient and tangent
planes
CO4 To understand the various numerical techniques for solving differential equations and
use MATLAB to visualize the solutions practically.

Unit -I

Introduction to Computational Linear Algebra

Fundamental algorithms in computational linear algebra with relevance to all science concentrators. Basic
linear algebra and matrix decompositions (Cholesky, LU, QR, etc.), round-off errors and numerical analysis
of errors and convergence. Iterative methods and conjugate gradient techniques. Computation of eigenvalues
and eigenvectors, and an introduction to least squares methods

Unit –II

Introduction to Scientific Computing

Numerical computations; Includes instruction for programming in MATLAB. Applications solution of
linear equations (with vectors and matrices) and nonlinear equations (by bisection, iteration, and Newton’s
method),interpolation, and curve-fitting, difference equations, iterated maps, numerical differentiation and
integration, and differential equations.

Unit –III

Vector Functions; Derivatives,tangent vector velocity,acceleration,arc length of space curve,curvature and

normal vectors,functions of two or more variables,limits and continuity,partial derivatives,directional
derivatives,gradient and tangent planes,second derivative ,maxima,minima,sable point

Unit -IV

Introduction to Numerical Solution of Differential EquationsFundamental numerical techniques for

solving ordinary and partial differential equations. Overview of techniques for approximation and integration
of functions Differential equations,First Order differential equations,variables separable form,solution of first
order linear equation,second and higher order equations,solution of constant coefficient second order
equation, Solution of two-point boundary value problems, introduction to methods for solving linear partial
differential equations.
TOPPERWORLD.IN
Text/Reference Books:
1. Calculus and Analytical Geometry (9th Edition) Thomas and Finney Pearson Education
2. Calculus (5th Edition) James Stewart
3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics (8th Edition) Erwin Kreyszig John Willey and Sons
4. Linear Algebra (2nd edition) Hoffman and Kunz Prentice Hall International
5. Linear Algebra Peter D.Lax
6. Differentials Equations with applications and Historical notes. Simmons G.F

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 ECO-5A Data Structures

Lecture Tutorial Practical Major Minor

Total Time Credit
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (Hrs.) Test Test
3 - - 75 25 100 3 Hr. 3
Course Outcomes
Student will be able to determine the time complexity of various operations on
CO1 arrays
CO2 Student will be able to select appropriate data structure for given application
CO3 Student will be able to create link list and apply various operations.
Student will be able to evaluate the traversal of binary trees and represent
CO4 graphs

Unit- I

Introduction: Concept of Data Structures, Design of suitable algorithm, algorithm analysis.

Arrays: 1-D arrays: Traversal, Selection, Searching, Insertion, Deletion and Sorting. Multi-D
arrays, representation of arrays in physical memory, application of arrays

Unit- II

Stacks and Queues: Stacks: Stack operations, Application of Stacks, Queues: operations, circular
queue, priority queue, deque
Pointers: Introduction, pointer variable, pointers and arrays, array of pointers, pointers and
structures

Unit -III

Linked Lists: Introduction, Operations: Creation, Traversal, Searching, Insertion and Deletion.
Circular and Doubly linked list, linked stacks and queues.

Unit-IV

Trees: Basic terminology, binary trees, representation of binary trees: linear and linked, traversal
of binary trees
Graphs: graph terminology, representation of graphs: array based, linked list based, set based.

Text Books:
1. Data Structures using C by A. K. Sharma , Pearson Publication
2. Theory & Problems of Data Structures by Jr. Symour Lipschetz, Schaum’s outline by TMH.
Reference Books:
1. Data Structures using C by A. M. Tenenbaum, Langsam, Moshe J. Augentem, PHI Pub
2. Data Structures and program design in C by Robert Kruse, PHI Expert Data Structures with C
by R.B. Patel
 ECO- Multimedia Communication
6A
Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Test Minor Test Total Time
(Hrs.) (Hrs.) (Hrs.)
3 - - 3 75 25 100 3 Hrs.
PO To familiarize the students with the concepts of basic multimedia communication
systems and various compression algorithms of text, audio, image and video.
Course Outcomes (CO)

CO1 Students will understand the concept of multimedia communication system along with its
applications and networks in detail.

CO2 Students will be able to learn the concept of compression in detail. They will understand the
techniques of text and image compression.

CO3 In this outcome students will be well prepared of audio and video compression.

CO4 Students will understand the concept internet, its applications and CBIR systems

UNIT-I

Multimedia Communication: Introduction, Multimedia networks: Telephone networks, Data networks,

Television Networks, ISDN, B-ISDN. Multimedia Applications: Interactive applications over the internet
and Entertainment applications.
Digitization Principles, Representation of Text, Images, Audio and Video.
UNIT-II
Text Compression: Compression principles, Text Compression techniques: Static Huffman Coding,
Dynamic Huffman Coding, Arithmetic Coding, Lempel Ziv and Lempel Ziv welsh coding.
Image Compression: Graphics interchange format, Tagged image file format, Joint Photographic Experts
Group (JPEG).
. UNIT-III
Audio Compression: Differential Pulse Code Modulation, Adaptive Differential PCM, Adaptive
Predictive coding, linear predictive coding and MPEG audio coders,
Video Compression: Video Compression principles, Frame types, Motion estimation and compensation,
Implementation Schematics of I, P and B frames, H.261, H.263.
UNIT-IV
Multimedia Synchronization: Basic definitions and requirements Time stamping and Pack architecture.
Internet Applications: Domain name System, Electronic Mail, Internet Telephony, Content Based Image
Retrieval Systems
Text Books:
1. Multimedia communications: Fred Halsall; Pearson Education Asia.
Reference Books:

1. Multimedia Systems” by Ralf Steinmetz and Klara Nahrstedt

2. Multimedia Systems, Standards, and Networks” by A. Puri and T. Chen

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 ECO-7A Consumer Electronics
Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Minor Total Time
Test Test
3 0 0 3 75 25 100 3
Course Outcomes
CO1 To understand fundamentals of Monochrome and Colour TV systems.
CO2 To understand television receivers and digital TV systems.
CO3 To understand audio fundamentals and systems.
CO4 To maintain various electronic home appliances.

UNIT-I
Monochrome TV Systems and Colour TV Systems: Monochrome picture signal transmission and reception,
scanning process, aspect ratio, persistence of vision and flicker, interlace scanning, picture resolution,
Composite video signal, vestigial sideband transmission. Colour theory, Grassman’s Law, hue, brightness,
saturation, luminance and chrominance, Different types of TV camera tube, channel bandwidth.

UNIT-II
Television Receivers: Monochrome and colour picture tube, receiver controls, remote control, Television
standards: PAL, SECAM, NTSC.
Digital TVs: working principle of HDTV, Principle and working of LCD and LED TV, Block diagram and
working principle of OLED.

UNIT-III
Audio Fundamentals: Basic characteristics of sound signal: level and loudness, pitch, frequency response,
fidelity and linearity, Reverberation, Microphone: working principle, characteristics, Types: carbon,
condenser, crystal, electrostatic. Loudspeakers: working principle, Types: electrostatic, dynamic, permanent
magnet.

UNIT-IV
FAX, Microwave Oven: types, single chip controllers, Washing Machine: wiring diagram, electronic
controller for washing machine, types of washing machine, Air conditioner and Refrigerators: Components
features, types and applications, Digital camera, ATM.

TEXT BOOKs:

• R.R. Gulati “Modern Television practices”, New Age International Publication (P) Ltd. New Delhi
Year 2011, latest edition.
• S.P. Bali., “Consumer Electronics”, Pearson Education, 2010, latest edition.

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REFERENCES:

• R Bali and S.P. Bali “Audio video systems : principle practices & troubleshooting”, Khanna Book
Publishing Co. (P) Ltd., 2010Delhi , India, latest edition.
• R.G. Gupta “Audio video systems”, Tata Mc graw Hill, New Delhi, India 2010, latest edition.
• Jerry Whitaker & Blair Benson “Mastering Digital Television”, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2010 ,
latest edition.

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ECO-8A Transducers & Its Applications
Lecture Tutorial Practical Credit Major Test Minor Test Total Time

3 - 3 75 25 100 3
Purpose Understanding the structural and functional principles of sensors and transducers used
for various physical and nonelectric quantities and how to use them to measure these
quantities.

Course Outcomes

CO 1 Explain the principles of operation of the sensor parameters and generators

CO 2 Interpretation of the measurement results by using transducers.

CO 3 Development of measurement schemes for different non electrical quantities

CO 4 Assimilating knowledge about the implementation of sensors and transducers.

Unit-I
Definition of transducer. Advantages of an electrical signal as out-put. Basic requirements of transducers,
Primary and Secondary Transducer, Analog or digital types of transducers. Resistive, inductive, capacitive,
piezoelectric, photoelectric and Hall Effect tranducers.
Unit-II
Measurement of Pressure – Manometers, Force summing devices and electrical transducers Measurement
of Temperature – Metallic resistance thermometers, semi conductor resistance sensors (Thermistors),
thermo-electric sensors, pyrometers.
Unit-III
Measurement of Displacement – Potentiometric resistance type transducers, inductive type transducers,
differential transformer (L.V.D.T), capacitive transducers, Hall effect devices, strain gage transducers.
Measurement of Velocity – variable reluctance pick up, electromagnetic tachometers, photoelectric
tachometer, toothed rotor tachometer generator.
Unit-IV
Measurement of Force – Strain-gage load cells, pneumatic load cell, LVDT type force transducer.
Measurement of Torque – Torque meter, torsion meter, absorption dynamometers, inductive torque
transducer, digital methods.
Suggested Books:

1. B.C. Nakra, K.K. Chaudhry, “Instrumentation Measurement and Analysis,” Tata

McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.

2. Thomas G. Beckwith etc. all, “Mechanical Measurements (International Student Edition),

Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc. England.

3. A.K. Sawhney, “ A Course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements and

Instrumentation,” Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delh
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