Solution

ICSE X MATHS CIRCLES

Class 10 - Mathematics

1.

Given: A circle inscribed in a quadrilateral ABCD in which AB = 6 cm, BC = 7 cm and CD = 4 cm

To find: AD
Proof: Let the circle touches all the sides AB, BC, CD and DA at P, Q, R and S.
∴ AP = PS ...(i) {Length of tangents drawn from external point}
Similarly:
BP = BQ ...(ii)
DR =DS ...(iii)
CR = CQ ...(iv)
Now, adding (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(AP + BP) + (CR + RD) = (BQ + QC) + (DS + SA)
AB + CD = BC + DA
6 + 4 = 7 + DA
AD = 10 - 7
AD = 3 cm
Hence, length of AD will be 3 cm.​​
2. x is a point which outside of a circle.
We know that,
PX = QX {∵ Tangents are equal in length}

OP = OQ = r, [radius of circle]
AP = AR ...(i)
BQ = BR ...(ii)
XP = XQ
⇒ XA + AP = XB + BQ [∵ from equation (i) and (ii)]

XA + AR = XB + BR
​Hence proved.

3.

Given:
△ABC is an equilateral.

AB = AC [∵ All sides are equal]

AM + MB = AN + NC (∵ AM = AN = r)
r + MB = r + NC
∴ MB = NC

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 CM2 = AC × CN ...(i)
BN2 = AB × MB ...(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii)
CM2 = BN2 (AB = AC = BC)
∴ CM = BN

Hence proved.
4. Given ABC is a semi-circle with centre O and ∠ AED = 124o.
Construction Join AD and EC.

Since, angle in a semi-circle is 90o.

∴ ∠AEC = 90o
Now, ∠ DEC = ∠ AED - ∠ AEC
⇒ ∠ DEC = 124o - 90o [given]
⇒ ∠ DEC = 34o ...(i)
∴ ∠ DAC = ∠ DEC [∵ angles in the same segment are equal]

⇒ ∠ DAC = 34o [from Eq. (i)]

Hence, the required values of ∠ DEC and ∠ DAC are 34o and 34o, respectively.
5. Given, CB = CD and ∠ CDB = 85o
Now, in △CBD, we have
CB = CB [given]
∴ ∠ CBD = ∠ CDB = 85o ...(i) [∵ angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal]
Also, ∠ CDB + ∠ CBD + ∠ BCD = 180o [by angle sum property of a triangle]
⇒ 85o + 85o + ∠ BCD = 180o [from Eq. (i)]
⇒ 170o + ∠ BCD = 180o
⇒ ∠ BCD = 180o - 170o
⇒ ∠ BCD = 10o ...(ii)
Now, ∠ BAD = ∠ BCD [∵ angles of same segment are equal]
⇒ ∠ BAD = 10o [from Eq. (ii)]
Hence, the required value of ∠ BAD is 10o.
6. In right angled △PQR, PR2 = PQ2 + QR2
2 2
P R = (24) + (7) [Use Pythagoras theorem]
2

2
PR = 576 + 49
−−−
P R = √625 = 25 cm

And PQ, QR and PR are the tangents drawn to a circle. We know that tangents at Q to the circle and radius through the point are
perpendicular to each other.
∘
∠OLQ = ∠OM Q = ∠ON R = 90

Also, QM = QL
(Tangents drawn from an external point to the circle are equal to each other)
Since all the angles of quadrilateral are 90° and QM = QL, then OLQM is a square.
Let OL = x cm = QM
QR = 7 cm
then QR - QL = LR
7 - x = LR = NR
PM = PQ - QM

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 = 24 - x = PN
PR = PN + KN
25 = 24 - x + 7 - x
25 = 31 - 2x
2x = 6
x = 3 cm
∴ radius of circle = 3 cm

7.

AC is a tangent and OA is the radius.

∴ ∠ BAC = 90o
In △ ABD
∠ BAD = 90o
∘ ∘ ∘
∴ ∠B = 180 − (90 + 55 )

= 35° (angles of a triangle adds upto 180°)

∠y = 2∠B

∠ y = 2 × 35° = 70° (angle at the centre is double the angle in the remaining circumference)
In △AOC
x = 180° - (90° + y)
= 180° - (90° + 70°)
= 20° (angles of a triangle adds upto 180°)
8. Given PT is a tangent drawn from an external point P and a line segment PAB is drawn to a circle with centre O. ON is
perpendicular on the chord AB.
To prove
i. PA ⋅ PB = PN2 - AN2
ii. PN2 - AN2 = OP2 - OT2
iii. PA ⋅ PB = PT2
Proof
i. PA ⋅ PB = (PN - AN) (PN + BN)
= (PN - AN) (PN + AN) [∵ AN = BN as ON ⊥ AB and bisect it]
= PN2 - AN2
ii. PN2 - AN2 = (OP2 - ON2) - AN2 [∵ in right angled △ONP by Pythagoras theorem OP2 = ON2 + PN2 ⇒ PN2 = OP2 - ON2]
= OP2 - ON2 - AN2
= OP2 - (ON2 + AN2)
= OP2 - OA2 [∵ in △ONA, OA2 = ON2 + AN2]
= OP2 - OT2 [∵ OA = OT = radii]
iii. From parts (i) and (ii), we get
PA ⋅ PB = OP2 - OT2
⇒ PA ⋅ PB = PT2 [∵ in △OTP, OP2 = OT2 + PT2 ⇒ PT2 = OP2 - OT2]
Hence proved.

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 9. We have, a = ∠ ADB [∵ angle subtended by an arc at the centre is double the angle subtended by it at any other point on the
remaining part of the circle]
= 2∠ ACB [∵ angles in the same segment are equal]
a
⇒ ∠ ADB = ∠ ACB = 2

Also, ∠ BDE = 180o - a

2
= ∠ ACE [∵ linear pair axiom]
and ∠ CFD = b [vertically opposite angles]
In quadrilateral DECF,
∠ DEC + ∠ ECF + ∠ CFD + ∠ FDE = 360o [∵ sum of all angles of a quadrilateral is 360o]
c + 180o - + b + 180o - = 360o
a a
⇒
2 2

⇒ c + b - a = 0 ⇒ a = b + c Hence proved.

10.

Given: ABCD is a cyclic quad in which AD = BC.

To prove: AC = BD
cons: Join AC and BD
Proof: in △AOD and △BOC
∠OAD = ∠ OBC (angle in the same segment are equal)

AD = BC (Given)
∠ADO = ∠ BCO (angle in the same segment are equal)
∴ △ AOD ≅△ BOC (ASA congruence criteria)

Now, adding △DOC on both sides

△AOD + △DOC ≅△ BOC + △DOC

△ADC ≅△ BCD

∴AC = BD by c.p.c.t Proved.

11. AB is a tangent to it at point B.
∠BDC = 65 (given)
∘

and ∠ABC = 90 ∘

(tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius drawn through the point of contact)
Now, In △BDC
∘
∠BDC + ∠DBC + ∠BC D = 180

65° + 90° + ∠ BCD = 180° [angle sum property of a triangle]

155° + ∠ BCD = 180°
∠ BCD = 180° - 155°

∘
∠BC D = 25

∠BOE = 2∠BC E

(angle subtends at the centre is double the angle at the circumference)

∘ ∘
= 2∠BC D = 2 × 25 = 50

In right angle triangle ABO,

∠ BAO = 180° - ∠ ABO - ∠ AOB (Angle sum property of a triangle)

= 180° - 90° - 50° = 40°

12.

∘
∠AP B = 60

ref. ∠AP B = 360 ∘

− ∠AP B

= 360o - 60o

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 ref. ∠AP B = 300 o

∠AQB = (ref ∠AP B ) (angle made by same arc)

1

2
1 ∘
∠AQB = × 300
2
∘
∠AQB = 150

Now,
∠ARB =
1

2
(∠AQB) (angle made by same arc)
1 ∘
∠ARB = × 150
2
o
∠ARB = 75

13. We know that the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.
∴ ∠ A + ∠ C = 180o and ∠ B + ∠ D = 180o
⇒ 3x + x = 180o and 5y + y = 180o [from the given figure]
⇒ 4x = 180o and 6y = 180o
∘ ∘

⇒ x= 180

4
and y = 180

∴ x = 45o and y = 30o

Now, ∠ A = 3x = 3 × 45o = 135o
∠ B = 5y = 5 × 30o = 150o
∠ C = x = 45o
and ∠ D = y = 30o
Hence, the required angles of the cyclic quadrilateral are 135o, 150o, 45o and 30o.
14. Given, ∠ ACB = 170o ...(i)
Since, angle at the centre of a circle is twice the angle at the remaining part of the circumference of the circle.
∴ ∠ ACB = 2∠ AQB

⇒ 170o = 2∠ AQB [from Eq. (i)]

AQB = 85o
∘
170
⇒ ∠ AQB = 2
⇒ ∠

Also, reflex ∠ ACB = 2∠ APB

∴ 360o - ∠ ACB = 2∠ APB
⇒ 360o - 170o = 2∠ APB [from Eq. (i)]
190o = 2∠ APB ⇒ ∠ APB = = 95o
∘
190
⇒
2

Hence, the required values of ∠ AQB and ∠ APB are 85o and 95o, respectively.

15.

1
∠x = (∠AOB)
2

= 1

2
× 120
∘

x = 60o

Ref ∠AOB = 360o - 100o

= 260o
1
∠AC B = (ref ∠AOB)
2

= 1

2
× 260
∘

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y = 130o

Join oB
△AOB and △BOC are is isosceles.
∠ABC = 30o
x = 2 × (∠ABC )
x = 2 × 30o
x = 60o

Join oB
△AOB and △BOC are isosceles triangle
∠ABO = 30o
∠OBC = 70o - ∠ABO
∠OBC = 70o - 30o
∠OBC = 40o
∠OBC = y = 40o
x = 2 × ∠ABC
= 2 × 70o
x = 140o

y= 1

2
(ref ∠AOB)
= 1

2
× 240
∘

y = 120o

y=x= 1

2
(∠AOB)

1
= 2
∘
(100 )

x = y = 50o

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16. ∴ ∠ DAE = ∠ BCD (ext. ∠ of a cyclic quad, is equal to interior opp. ∠ )

i. ∠ BCD = ∠ DAE = 70
ii. ∠ BOD = 2 ∠ BCD = 140°
(angle at centre is twice the angle at circumference)
iii. In △OBD, OB = OD (radii of circle)
∴ ∠ OBD = ∠ ODB = x° (say) (radius of a circle)
x° + x° + 140° = 180° ⇒ x° = 20°
(sum of angles of a triangle = 180°)
∴ ∠ OBD = x° = 20°

17. i. In △PAB and △PCD

∠ APB = ∠ CPD (Vertically opposite angles)

∠ ABP = ∠ PDC (same arc AC angles)

∴ △PAB ∼ △PCD (AA similarly criterion theorem)

ii. Since from part (i), △PAB ∼ △PCD (proved above) Then,
PA

PC
= = AB

CD
(By using Thales Theorem)
PB

PD

Taking first two order,

PA AB

PC
= CD
7.5

5
= CD
9

CD = 9×5

7.5
= 9×5×10

75

Hence, CD = 6 cm.
2 2

iii. ar △P AB

ar ΔP CD
=
AP

2
=( AP

CP
)
CP

[By using area theorem of similar triangles PAB & PCD]

2
7.5
=( 5
)

9
= 4

Hence, ar△PAB : ar△PCD = 9 : 4

18.

Given, AB is diameter of the circle and O is centre.

Also, OD || CB and ∠ BCD = 120o
i. Since ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral
We have,
∠ 1 + ∠ 4 = 180o
∠ 1 + 120 = 180o
∠ 1 = 180 - 120o

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 ∠ 1 = 60o
i.e. ∠ DAB = 60o
ii. ∠ ADB = 90o (Angle in a semi-circle)
Now, In △ADB, we get
∠ 1 + ∠ ADB + ∠ 2 = 180o (Angle sum property)
60 + 90o + ∠ 2 = 180o
∠ 2 = 180o - 150o
∠ 2 = 30o
i.e. ∠ ABD = 30o
iii. ∵ OA = OD (Radii of a circle)
⇒ ∠ 1 = ∠ 5 (Angle opp. to equal sides are equal)

⇒ ∠ 5 = 60o
Now, ∠ ADB = 90o
i.e., ∠ 5 + ∠ 6 = 90o
∠ 6 = 90 - 60o
∠6 = 30o
Given that OD || CB
⇒ ∠ 6 = ∠ 3 (Alternate int. ∠ '5 are equal)

30o = ∠ 3
∠ 3 = 30o
i.e. ∠ DBC = 30
∵ ∠ODC = ∠ OBC = 60o
⇒ ODCB is a parellelagram.

⇒ ∠ CDB = ∠ 2

⇒ ∠ CDB = 30o
Now we know, ∠ ADC = ∠ ADB + ∠ BDC
= 90o + 30o
= 120o
∠ADC = 120o
Now is △AOD we have
∠ 1 + ∠ 5 + ∠ 7 = 180o (by angle sum property)
60 + 60 + ∠ 7 = 180o
∠ 7 = 180 - 120o
∠ 7 = 60o
Since all the angle of △AOD are 60o.
∴ △ AOD is equilateral triangle.
19. i. ∠ DBC = 58° (given)
∠ BCD = 90° (angle in a semi circle)
∠ BDC = 180 - (90 + 58°) = 32° (Sum of angles of a △BDC)

ii. ∠ BEC = 180 - 32° (opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral ABEC are supplementary)
= 148°

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 iii. ∠ BAC = ∠ BDC = 32o
(angles in the same segment of a circle are equal)
20. Produce BD to meet the bigger circle at E. Join AE.
Then, ∠ AEB = 90o [∵ angle in semi-circle]

Here, OD ⊥ BE [∵ BE is tangent to the smaller circle at D and OD is its radius]

and BD = DE [∵ BE is chord of the bigger circle and OD ⊥ BE]
∴ OD || AE [∵ ∠ AEB = ∠ ODB = 90o]
In △ AEB, O and D are the mid-points of AB and BE.
Therefore, by mid-point theorem, we have
OD = AE ⇒ AE = 2 × 8 = 16 cm [∵ OD = radius of smaller circle = 8 cm]
1

In right angled △ODB,

OB2 = OD2 + BD2 [by Pythagoras theorem]
⇒ (13)2 = (8)2 + (BD)2
⇒ BD2 = 169 - 64 = 105
−−−
⇒ BD = √105 cm [taking positive square root]
−−−
⇒ DE = √105 cm [∵ BD = DE]

Now, in △AED, we have

AD2 = AE2 + ED2 [by Pythagoras theorem]
AD2 = 162 + (√105) = 256 + 105
−−− 2
⇒

AD2 = 361 ⇒ AD = √361 = 19 cm

−−−
⇒

Hence, the length of AD is 19 cm.

21.

From the figure we see that, BQ = BR = 27 cm.

(Since length of tangent Segment from an external point are equal)
As BC = 38 cm
CR = CB - BR = 38 - 27
CR = 11 cm
Now, CR = CS = 11 cm (Length of tangent segments from an external point are equal)
Now, as DC = 25 cm
∴ DS = DC - SC

= 25 - 11

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 = 14 cm
Now, in quadrilateral DSOP
∠ PDS = 90o (given)
∠OSD = 90o, ∠ OPD = 90o (Since tangent is ⊥ to the radius through the point of contact)
⇒ DSOP is a parellelogram

⇒ OP || SD and PD || OS

Now as OP = OS (radii of same circle)

⇒ OPDS is a Square

∴ DS = OP = 14 cm
∴ Radius of circle = 14 cm

22. Let a, b and c be the sides of right angled △ABC, such that BC = a, CA = b and AB = c.
Let the circle touches the sides BC, CA, AB at D, E and F, respectively.
Then, AE = AF and BD = BF [∵ tangents drawn from an external point to the circle are equal in length]
Also, CE = CD = r

∴ AF = AE = AC - EC = b - r and BF = a - r
Now, AB = c
⇒ AF + BF = (b - r) + (a - r)

⇒ AB = b - r + a - r

⇒ c = a + b = 2r

⇒ 2r = a + b - c
∴ r= a+b−c

Hence proved.

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