1

Warm up Questions
Question 1Correct
What is the relationship between Type I and Type II errors?
As the probability of Type I error decreases, the probability of Type II error also decreases.
Type I and Type II errors are not related to each other.
The relationship between Type I and Type II errors is constant.
Your answer is correct
As the probability of Type I error increases, the probability of Type II error decreases.
Overall explanation
Type I and Type II errors are inversely related to each other. As the probability of a Type I error increases, the probability of a
Type II error decreases, and vice versa. This is because if the researcher is more likely to reject a true null hypothesis (Type I
error), then they will be less likely to fail to reject a false null hypothesis (Type II error).
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 2Incorrect
A healthcare organization wants to determine if there is a significant association between the type of insurance a patient has
and whether they received a flu shot. They collect data on 130 patients and construct the following contingency table. What is
the expected value for Medicare patients who have received the Flu Shot?

Correct answer
22.88
Your answer is incorrect
19.37
25
24
Overall explanation
The expected value for Medicare patients who have received the Flu Shot can be calculated using the formula E = (row total *
column total) / grand total. In this case, the row total is 35, the column total is 85, and the grand total is 130. Therefore, E (35 *
85) / 130 = 22.88.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 3Correct
At the "Performing" stage of team development, which type of leadership style is most effective?
Directing
Your answer is correct
Delegative
Laissez-faire
Autocratic
Overall explanation
At the "performing"stage of team development, delegation leadership is the most effective style. This approach involves
allowing team members to take responsibility for their own actions and to make decisions without constant supervision. The
leader sets clear performance goals but lets the team decide how best to reach them. This style encourages creativity and builds
trust in the team leaders and members.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 4Correct
A chief financial officer (CFO) wishes to compare their organization's performance against key competitors in the industry.
Which process can be used to accomplish this?
Your answer is correct
Strategic benchmarking
Cross-sectoral benchmarking
Naive benchmarking
Statutory benchmarking
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Overall explanation
Strategic benchmarking is a technique which can be used by organizations to measure and compare their performance against
organizations of similar type, size, and offerings. It helps determine whether an organization's strategies are effective and
efficient compared to its peers. The CFO can use strategic benchmarking to compare his organization's performance against the
performance of its key competitors in order to identify areas for improvement and opportunities for growth.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 5Correct
A machine has a failure rate of 0.002 failures/hour. What is the MTBF of the machine?
2000 hours
1000 hours
5000 hours
Your answer is correct
500 hours
Overall explanation
The Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) is calculated by taking the inverse of the failure rate. In this case, the MTBF is 1/0.002
= 500 hours.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 6Incorrect
In order to protect against potential risks, an aerospace firm needs to set up a risk management system. What is the main
benefit of such a system?
Increased efficiency and productivity
Reduced operational costs
Your answer is incorrect
Improved decision-making processes
Correct answer
Reduced probability of accidents
Overall explanation
A risk management system can help protect an organization from potential risks by identifying, analyzing, and mitigating
potential sources of harm. Through such systems, organizations can increase their understanding of possible events that could
cause damage and develop strategies for preventing or reducing the likelihood of these events occurring. As such, the main
benefit of a risk management system is reduced probability of accidents.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 7Correct
What is the variance of a chi-square distribution with 5 degrees of freedom?
25
50
Your answer is correct
10
20
Overall explanation
The variance of a chi-square distribution with 5 degrees of freedom equals twice the number of degrees of freedom, which in
this case is 10. (variance = 2 x df)
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 8Correct
A company uses an acceptance sampling plan to monitor the quality of a product with a lot size of 2,000. The company has set
an acceptance number of 0 and a sample size of 5. What is the probability of accepting a lot with a true defect level of 5%? (Use
Binomial Distribution)
Your answer is correct
0.7737
0.95
0.1815
0.5
Overall explanation
Since the acceptance number is 0, the lot will be accepted if there are 0 defects in the sample. The probability of accepting a lot
with a true defect level of 5% is calculated using the Binomial distribution formula. P(X = 0) = (5 choose 0) * 0.05^0 * 0.95^5 =
0.7737
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Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 9Correct
Which of the following is an example of a non-value-added activity in a healthcare setting?
Your answer is correct
Filling out paperwork for insurance purposes
Performing a surgical procedure
Taking the vital signs of a patient
Administering medication to a patient
Overall explanation
Filling out paperwork for insurance purposes is an example of a non-value-added activity in a healthcare setting. Non-value-
added activities are those that do not result in any benefit to the customer or directly contribute to the production of a product
or service. In this case, filling out paperwork does not directly improve patient care and may even be seen as a wasted effort.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 10Correct
A team wants to organize the result of a brainstorming session to develop a product. What diagram will help them in this
process?
Your answer is correct
Affinity Diagram
Tree Diagram
Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC)
Matrix Diagram
Overall explanation
An affinity diagram is a tool used to organize the results of a brainstorming session. It helps to group related ideas together and
identify patterns in the data. The process involves sorting the ideas into categories and then connecting them with lines or
arrows to show relationships between them. This can help teams quickly identify key themes and prioritize tasks for further
development.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 11Correct
Who is responsible for providing access to the necessary documents and information for the audit?
The audit team leader
The certification body
Your answer is correct
The auditee
The client
Overall explanation
The auditee is responsible for providing access to the necessary documents and information for the audit. The audit team leader
is responsible for planning and conducting the audit, and the client is responsible for providing the resources needed during the
audit.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 12Correct
An item has an MTBF of 40 hours and an MTTR of 30 minutes. What is the availability of this item?
Your answer is correct
98.80%
92.80%
99.40%
96.00%
Overall explanation
The availability of an item can be calculated with the formula Availability = MTBF/(MTBF+MTTR). In this case, the Availability =
40 hours/(40 hours + 0.5 hours) = 98.76%.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 13Correct
In a binomial experiment with 10 trials and a probability of success of 0.4, what is the probability of getting at least 8 successes?
0.5904
0.4112
Your answer is correct
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0.0123
0.6144
Overall explanation
The probability of getting at least 8 successes in 10 trials with a probability of success equal to 0.4 can be calculated by adding
up the probabilities of getting 8, 9, and 10 successes: (10 choose 8) * (0.4^8) * (0.6^2) + (10 choose 9) * (0.4^9) * (0.6^1) + (10
choose 10) * (0.4^10) * (0.6^0) = 0.0106 + 0.00157 + 0.0001 = 0.01227
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 14Incorrect
What is the probability of observing 4 events in a Poisson process with a rate of 2 events per time period?
Correct answer
0.0902
0.18
Your answer is incorrect
0.0488
0.135
Overall explanation
The probability of observing 4 events in a Poisson process with a rate of 2 events per time period is given by the formula P(X=4)
= (e^(-2) * 2^4) / 4! = 0.0902.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 15Correct
What is the difference between first-party, second-party, and third-party audits?
The location of the audit
Your answer is correct
The organization performing the audit
The level of rigour in the audit
The type of management system being audited
Overall explanation
The difference between first-party, second-party, and third-party audits is the organization performing the audit. A first-party
audit is conducted by an internal auditor. A second-party audit is conducted by a customer or supplier of the organization being
audited. A third-party audit is conducted by an external auditor who is independent of the organization being audited.
Domain
2 The Quality System

Practice test 1
Question 1Correct
The purpose of the audit opening meeting is to:
Your answer is correct
Introduce audit participants and explain the audit process
Discuss audit findings
Determine audit objectives
Establish audit timelines
Overall explanation
The purpose of the audit opening meeting is to introduce the audit participants and explain the audit process. This includes
providing an overview of the audit objectives, scope, and timelines. It also includes introducing the audit team members and
explaining their roles and responsibilities.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 2Incorrect
What is the mean of a chi-square distribution with 3 degrees of freedom?
12
9
Correct answer
3
Your answer is incorrect
6
Overall explanation
The mean of a chi-square distribution with 3 degrees of freedom is equal to the number of degrees of freedom, which in this
case is 3.
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Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 3Correct
What is the difference between a PERT chart and a CPM chart?
PERT charts are more commonly used in project management than CPM charts.
No difference exists between a PERT chart and a CPM chart.
Your answer is correct
PERT charts probabilistic time estimates, while CPM charts use deterministic time estimates.
CPM charts probabilistic time estimates, while PERT charts use deterministic time estimates.
Overall explanation
A PERT chart is a project management tool used to plan, schedule and control activities in a project. It includes probabilistic time
estimates, which account for potential delays or changes in the duration of tasks. On the other hand, a CPM (Critical Path
Method) chart is also used to plan, schedule and control activities in a project. Unlike PERT charts, CPM charts use deterministic
time estimates, which do not account for potential delays or changes in the duration of tasks.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 4Correct
What is the mean of a binomial distribution with n=8 and p=0.4?
1.6
2.4
Your answer is correct
3.2
4
Overall explanation
The mean of a binomial distribution is calculated as np, so in this case, it would be 8 * 0.4 = 3.2.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 5Correct
Which of the following is the key benefit of using risk-based thinking in a quality management system?
Improves employee morale
Enhances customer satisfaction
Your answer is correct
Encourages proactive problem solving
Reduces the cost of errors
Overall explanation
Risk-based thinking encourages proactive problem-solving and encourages organizations to consider all potential risks when
making decisions. This helps to identify potential problems before they occur, which can help to reduce the cost of errors and
enhance customer satisfaction.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 6Correct
An organization wants to introduce a new product into the market. What kind of analysis can they use to identify potential
forces or factors that might affect the success of this proposed product?
SWOT analysis
GAP analysis
Your answer is correct
Force-field analysis
Porter's 5 Forces analysis
Overall explanation
Force-field analysis is a tool used in decision-making that helps identify and analyze the existing forces for and against any
particular situation, decision, person, or process. It can be used to identify the forces and factors driving change in an
organization. An organization wanting to introduce a new product into the market can use force field analysis to understand the
various factors affecting successful product entry into the market.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 7Correct
Which type of audit is typically conducted by an external agency or regulatory body?
Your answer is correct
Compliance audit
Process audit
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Internal audit
Product audit
Overall explanation
Compliance audits are typically conducted by an external agency or regulatory body. This type of audit is used to verify that an
organization is in compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and standards. It involves assessing the organization's policies,
procedures, and practices to ensure they meet the required standards.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 8Correct
Which of the following statements best describes a Go/No-Go Gauge?
Your answer is correct
A tool used to determine whether a part conforms to specifications
A tool used to measure the volume of liquids
A tool used to measure the surface roughness of a material
A tool used to measure the thickness of materials
Overall explanation
A Go/No-Go Gauge is a type of measuring tool used to determine if a part meets predetermined specifications or not quickly. It
is discrete, meaning the result is either conforming (passed) or nonconforming (failed). The main advantage of using a Go/No-Go
Gauge is that it can detect if a part meets specific standards or not in a short amount of time.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 9Incorrect
What is the purpose of the arrows or lines in a PDPC?
Correct answer
To indicate the cause-and-effect relationship between different steps or inputs.
To indicate the sequence of activities or events in a process.
To indicate the level of importance or priority of different steps or inputs.
Your answer is incorrect
To indicate the flow of information or materials in a process.
Overall explanation
The arrows or lines in a Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC) are used to indicate the cause-and-effect relationships between
different steps or inputs. This helps to identify dependencies, risks, and potential solutions in the process. By understanding
these relationships, it becomes possible to make more informed decisions and improve the efficiency of the process.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 10Correct
How is the severity of a potential failure mode in a design FMEA rated?
Your answer is correct
On a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the most severe
On a scale of A to F, with A being the most severe
On a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being the most severe
On a scale of 0 to 1, with 1 being the most severe
Overall explanation
In a design FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis), the severity of a potential failure mode is rated on a scale of 1 to 10, with
10 being the most severe. A potential failure mode with a severity rating of 10 might have a significant impact on the product's
performance or safety, while a potential failure mode with a severity rating of 1 might have a minimal impact. By rating the
severity of potential failures in this way, organizations can focus their efforts on addressing the most significant potential failures
first.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 11Correct
How do the control limits for a p-chart change as the subgroup size increases?
They remain the same
Your answer is correct
They become narrow
It is not possible to determine with this information
They become wide
Overall explanation

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The control limits for a p-chart are determined by the subgroup size. As the subgroup size increases, the control limits become
narrower. The formula for calculating the control limits is UCL = p + 3* Sqrt(p(1-p)/n) and LCL = p - 3* Sqrt(p(1-p)/n), where n is
the subgroup size. Since n is in the denominator of the formula, as it increases, the control limits become narrower.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 12Correct
Which of the following is a tool used in quality control to monitor and detect changes in a process?
Scatter plot
Pareto chart
Your answer is correct
Control chart
Porter's five forces analysis
Overall explanation
A control chart is a tool used in quality control to monitor and detect changes in a process. It is essentially a graphical
representation of data, which shows how a particular process or product has been performing over time. Control charts can be
used to identify any special causes of variation, such as unexpected spikes or outliers, which may indicate that something needs
to be done to improve the process.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 13Correct
A company uses an acceptance sampling plan to monitor the quality of a product with a lot size of 2,000. The company has set
an acceptance number of 1 and a sample size of 5. What is the probability of accepting a lot with a true defect level of 5%? (Use
Binomial Distribution)
0.95
0.5
Your answer is correct
0.9774
0.1815
Overall explanation
Since the acceptance number is 1, the lot will be accepted if there are 0 or 1 defects in the sample. Therefore, we need to
calculate the probability of having 0 or 1 defect in the sample. The probability of accepting a lot with a true defect level of 5% is
calculated using the Binomial distribution formula. P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) = (5 choose 0) * 0.05^0 * 0.95^5 + (5 choose 1) * 0.05^1 *
0.95^4 =Â 0.7737 + 0.2036 = 0.9774
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 14Correct
Which of the following is an example of a prevention cost?
Your answer is correct
Costs associated with training and development
Costs associated with warranty claims and returns
Costs associated with rework and scrap
Costs associated with product inspections and testing
Overall explanation
Prevention costs are those associated with activities designed to prevent defects from occurring in the first place. Examples of
prevention costs training and development costs, process improvement initiatives, and quality assurance activities.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 15Correct
What is the benefit of using Standardized work in a manufacturing environment?
To eliminate the need for supervision of workers.
Your answer is correct
To reduce the amount of variation in how work is performed.
To increase the amount of work done by each employee.
To reduce the amount of training required for new employees.
Overall explanation
Standardized work can help to improve process efficiency in a manufacturing environment by reducing the amount of variation
in how work is performed. Having a set of procedures that all employees are expected to follow, it ensures that tasks are
completed consistently and correctly, which can reduce waste, increase productivity, and ensure quality standards are met.
Additionally, it can also help reduce the amount of training required for new employees, as they can simply follow the
established procedures.
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Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 16Correct
Which of the following formulas is used to calculate the expected duration (Te) of an activity in a PERT chart?
Te = (a + 3m + b) / 5
Your answer is correct
Te = (a + 4m + b) / 6
Te = (a + m + b) / 3
Te = (a + 2m + b) / 4
Overall explanation
The expected duration (Te) of activity in a PERT chart is calculated using the formula Te (a + 4m + b) / 6, where a is the optimistic
time estimate, m is the most likely time estimate, and b is the pessimistic time estimate. This formula takes into account both
potential delays and changes in the duration of tasks.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 17Correct
What is the difference between ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 and Z1.9?
Z1.4 is used for lot-by-lot sampling, while Z1.9 is used for continuous sampling.
Your answer is correct
Z1.4 is used for attribute data, while Z1.9 is used for variable data.
Z1.4 is used for continuous data, while Z1.9 is used for discrete data.
Z1.4 is used for variable data, while Z1.9 is used for attribute data.
Overall explanation
ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 and Z1.9 are two different types of acceptance sampling plans. The ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 plan is used for attribute data,
which is data that is discrete or categorical in nature. Attribute data can be either pass/fail or a rating system like good, fair, and
poor. The ANSI/ASQ Z1.9 plan is used for variable data, which is data that is continuous or numerical in nature. Variable data can
measurements such as length, width, and height.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 18Correct
Which of the following quality tools is used to identify relationships between input and output variables?
Your answer is correct
Scatter Diagram
Fishbone Diagram
Run Chart
Check sheet
Overall explanation
A scatter diagram is a type of graph used to illustrate the relationship between two or more variables. It is useful for identifying
possible correlations between different inputs and outputs, such as sales figures against customer satisfaction scores. The other
tools listed are all useful quality tools but are used for different purposes. For example, check sheets are used to collect data;
fishbone diagrams are used to identify potential causes of problems; and run charts are used to monitor trends over time.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 19Correct
Which of the following is a key concept of SMED?
Minimizing the amount of training required for operators.
Conducting machine maintenance during production.
Conducting machine maintenance after production.
Your answer is correct
Separating internal and external setup activities.
Overall explanation
Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) is a lean manufacturing technique used to reduce the time it takes to set up a production
line for a new product. One of the key concepts of SMED is separating setup activities into two categories
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 20Correct
A sample of size 25 is taken from a population. It has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. What is the 95% confidence
interval for the population mean?
85 to 115
75 to 125
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70.6 to 129.4
Your answer is correct
94.12 to 105.88
Overall explanation
The 95% confidence interval for the population mean is calculated using the formula (sample mean - 1.96*(standard
deviation/sqrt(sample size)), sample mean + 1.96*(standard deviation / sqrt(sample size)). In this case, the 95% confidence
interval is (100 - 1 .96*(15/sqrt(25)), 100 + 1.96*(15/sqrt(25))), which is (94.12 to 105.88).
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 21Correct
In the Kanban system, what is the "pull" approach to work scheduling?
Your answer is correct
Work is scheduled based on customer demand or requirements.
Work is scheduled based on the availability of resources or materials.
Work is scheduled based on a predetermined plan or schedule.
Work is scheduled based on the completion of previous tasks.
Overall explanation
The "pull" approach to work scheduling in the Kanban system is based on customer demand or requirements. This approach
ensures that the right amount of resources and materials are available when needed and that tasks are completed in a timely
manner. This helps keep production running smoothly, resulting in shorter lead times and improved customer satisfaction.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 22Correct
A manufacturing plant has a Takt time of 45 seconds per unit. If the plant has 2 production lines that can produce 60 units per
hour each, how many units can the plant produce in a day (assuming an 8-hour shift)?
3,840 units per day.
1,920 units per day.
7,680 units per day.
Your answer is correct
960 units per day.
Overall explanation
Each line can produce 60 units per hour. Two lines can produce 120 units per hour. Multiplying this by 8 (for hours in a day) gives
us 960 units per day. For this question, Takt time information is not relevant as the question is asking about the total number of
units produced in a day.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 23Correct
A potential failure mode has a severity rating of 4, a likelihood rating of 3, and a detectability rating of 2. What is the RPN for this
failure mode?
12
14
8
Your answer is correct
24
Overall explanation
In an FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis), the RPN (Risk Priority Number) is calculated by multiplying the ratings for the
likelihood of a failure occurring, the severity of the failure's consequences, and the effectiveness of the existing controls in place
to detect the failure. If a potential failure mode has a severity rating of 4, a likelihood rating of 3, and a detectability rating of 2,
the RPN for that failure mode would be calculated as 4 x 3 x 2 = 24.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 24Correct
A manufacturing company wants to determine if there is a significant relationship between the shift a worker is assigned to and
the number of defects they produce. They collect data on 100 workers and construct the following contingency table. What is
the degrees of freedom for this contingency table?

9
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2
5
Your answer is correct
4
3
Overall explanation
The degrees of freedom for a contingency table is calculated by taking the number of rows minus one times the number of
columns minus one. In this case, there are three rows and three columns, so (3-1) * (3-1) = 4. Therefore, the degrees of freedom
for this contingency table is 4.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 25Incorrect
What is Positive Material Identification (PMI)?
A test to identify the material supplier
Your answer is incorrect
A system for tracking the movement of materials throughout a production process
A process for ensuring product quality and safety
Correct answer
A method for verifying the composition of materials
Overall explanation
Positive Material Identification (PMI) is a test used to verify the composition of materials in order to ensure their accuracy and
integrity. This is done by using various analytical techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) or optical emission spectroscopy
(OES). PMI is a valuable tool for manufacturers, as it helps to ensure the quality and safety of the materials used in their
products.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 26Incorrect
What is the role of a facilitator in a meeting or team discussion?
to provide technical expertise
Correct answer
to ask questions and stimulate creative thinking
Your answer is incorrect
to help create set agendas and structures for discussions
to lead the discussion and make decisions for the group
Overall explanation
The role of a facilitator in a meeting or team discussion is to help guide the conversation and facilitate open dialogue. This
includes asking questions, stimulating creative thinking, facilitating problem-solving, and encouraging participation. A facilitator
should not be making decisions for the group or providing technical expertise, which is best left up to other members of the
group.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 27Incorrect
What is the probability of a system with an MTBF of 10 hours failing within the first 2 hours of operation?
0.2
Your answer is incorrect
0.997
Correct answer
0.18
0.63
Overall explanation
The probability of a failure during the first 2 hours of operation is given by P(failure) = 1 - exp(-2/MTBF) = 1 - exp(-2/10) =
0.18127. Please note that this formula only applies if the system is in the constant failure rate section of the bathtub curve.
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Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 28Incorrect
Which type of experiments are used to identify the most important process elements that can be manipulated in order to
improve a process?
Correct answer
Screening experiments
Your answer is incorrect
Design of Experiments (DOE)
Factorial experiments
Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Overall explanation
Screening experiments are used to identify which parameters or factors will affect the output of a process. They involve testing
many variables and measuring their impact on the output. This allows researchers to quickly determine which process elements
can be manipulated in order to improve performance.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 29Correct
A company wants to determine if there is a significant difference in the average number of defects in products produced on
three different machines. They perform an ANOVA and construct the following ANOVA table. What is the missing value for the
Sum of Squares in the ANOVA table?

80
120
100
Your answer is correct
60
Overall explanation
Total Sum of Square = SS Between + SS Within. In this case, the total SS is 300 and the SS Within is 240. Therefore, the SS
Between = 300 - 240 = 60.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 30Correct
Which of the following is a characteristic of predictive maintenance?
It is used to identify trends in failure data
Your answer is correct
It is used to detect potential issues before they occur
It is used to repair broken equipment
It is used to identify causes of failure
Overall explanation
Predictive maintenance is a type of maintenance that is used to detect potential issues before they occur. This type of
maintenance involves using tools such as vibration and temperature sensors to monitor the condition of the equipment. By
monitoring the condition of the equipment, potential issues can be identified and addressed before they result in a breakdown.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 31Correct
In a manufacturing company, which type of cost of quality would the cost of training employees on proper quality control
procedures?
Internal Failure
External Failure
Your answer is correct
Prevention
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Appraisal
Overall explanation
Prevention costs are those associated with activities designed to prevent defects from occurring in the first place. This includes
activities such as training employees on proper quality control procedures.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 32Correct
A service company has a process for responding to customer inquiries. The upper specification limit for response time is 2 hours,
the lower specification limit is 1 hour, and the process average is 1.5 hours. The standard deviation for this process is 0.2 hours.
What is the Cp value for this process?
Your answer is correct
0.83
0.46
3
1.66
Overall explanation
To calculate Cp, you would use the following formula: Cp = (USL - LSL) / (6 * s). Plugging in the values given in the question, you
get: Cp = (2 - 1) / (6 * 0.2) = 1 / 1.2 = 0.83.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 33Correct
Which of the following types of tests is commonly used to measure the mechanical properties of a material?
Your answer is correct
Hardness test
Eddy current test
Ultrasonic test
X-ray fluorescence test
Overall explanation
Hardness tests are commonly used to measure the mechanical properties of a material, such as its strength, hardness, and
elasticity. These tests involve pressing an indenter into the surface of the material and measuring the resulting indentation. The
results of these tests can be used to compare different materials or evaluate changes in material over time.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 34Correct
What is the primary benefit of on-the-job training?
Your answer is correct
increase technical skills and knowledge
increased motivation and job satisfaction
lower costs associated with hiring new employees
improved communication between managers and employees
Overall explanation
On-the-job training is a form of training where an employee is given instruction while performing a task. The primary benefit of
on-the-job training is that it allows the employee to increase their technical skills and knowledge in a relatively short period of
time. It also helps ensure new employees know the organization's processes, procedures, and culture.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 35Correct
What is the typical maximum acceptable Gage R&R value?
Your answer is correct
10%
40%
20%
30%
Overall explanation
A Gage R&R value of less than 10% is generally considered to be an acceptable level of precision for most applications. This
means that less than 10% of the total variability in the measurements can be attributed to the measurement system and that
most of the variability is due to the part being measured) It's worth noting that the lower the Gage R&R value is, the better the
measurement system is. Though, it's not uncommon that the Gage R&R values between 10-30% are also considered acceptable
in some cases. However, values higher than 30% are typically not considered acceptable and indicate that the measurement
system is not precise enough and that further analysis and improvement are needed.
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Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 36Correct
What is the primary purpose of Acceptance Sampling?
Your answer is correct
To verify that an entire lot of products meet specifications
To test individual products for conformity
To completely eliminate defects in a product
To ensure that a process is under control
Overall explanation
The primary purpose of Acceptance Sampling is to verify that an entire lot of products meet specifications. It involves taking a
sample from a given lot and testing it for conformity. If the sample passes all tests, then the entire lot is considered to meet
specifications. This method is used to reduce risk and ensure quality when dealing with large quantities of products.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 37Incorrect
Which of the following types of destructive tests is commonly used to measure the hardness of a material?
Charpy impact test
Creep test
Correct answer
Brinell test
Your answer is incorrect
Tensile test
Overall explanation
The Brinell test is a type of destructive test (DT) that is used to measure the hardness of a material. This test involves pressing a
hard, rounded indenter into the surface of the material and measuring the resulting indentation. The results of this test can be
used to compare different materials or evaluate changes in material over time.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 38Incorrect
A hospital has an average rate of 6 patient arrivals per hour. What is the probability of 10 patient arrivals in a given hour?
0.016
Your answer is incorrect
0.067
Correct answer
0.0413
0.0039
Overall explanation
The probability of there being 10 patient arrivals in a given hour in a Poisson process with a rate of 6 patient arrivals per hour is
given by the formula P(X=10) = (e^(-6) * 6^10) / 10! = 0.0413.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 39Incorrect
A cafeteria follows a process to serve students. This includes taking in the order from customers, preparing the food according
to the order, and delivering the food. The inputs of this process are
Your answer is incorrect
order and delivery
preparation and order
food and order
Correct answer
customer requirements and ingredients
Overall explanation
The inputs of this process are customer requirements (i.e. what the customer wants to eat) and ingredients (i.e. what is needed
to prepare the meal). The process consists of taking in the order from customers, preparing the food according to the order, and
delivering the food while the output is a meal that meets all customer requirements.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 40Correct
Which of the following statements best describes the role of an individual identified as "accountable" on a RACI chart?
The individual is responsible for the completion and quality of tasks in the process.
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The individual is responsible for preparing a summary report at the end of each process cycle.
Your answer is correct
The individual provides guidance and oversight to ensure tasks are completed accurately and on time.
The individual is responsible for delegating tasks to team members.
Overall explanation
In a RACI chart, an accountable person is ultimately responsible for ensuring that tasks within a process or project are completed
correctly and on time. This means they are not only responsible for delegating tasks or preparing reports - they are primarily
responsible for providing guidance and oversight during each step of the project or process. Additionally, they may need to
approve actions taken by other team members, as well as sign off on any final reports before they can be published or
implemented.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 41Incorrect
A doctor wants to analyze the causes of patient wait times in her clinic. Which chart will be most useful for this purpose?
Your answer is incorrect
Histogram
Correct answer
Pareto chart
Scatterplot
Line plot
Overall explanation
A Pareto chart is a type of bar graph which sorts the data by value, allowing for quick identification of the causes that contribute
most to the problem. In this case, the doctor wants to analyze the causes of patient wait times in her clinic, so a Pareto chart
would be most effective at visualizing this data.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 42Correct
A component in a system has a reliability of 0.90. If the system has 4 of these components in parallel, what is the probability that
the system will work?
0.1296
Your answer is correct
0.9999
0.5905
0.9
Overall explanation
The overall reliability can be calculated as 1 - (1 - R1)(1 - R2)(1 - R3)(1 - R4) = 1 - (1 - 0.9)^4 = 0.9999.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 43Correct
A doctor is conducting a study to determine if a new drug effectively treats a particular disease. The null hypothesis is that the
drug is not effective. If the doctor rejects the null hypothesis when it is true, what type of error has occurred?
Both a Type I and a Type II error have occurred.
Your answer is correct
Type I error
Neither a Type I nor a Type II error has occurred.
Type II error
Overall explanation
A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true. This type of error is also known as a false
positive. In the case of the doctor conducting the study, if they reject the null hypothesis that the drug is ineffective when it is
actually effective, then a Type I error has occurred.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 44Correct
A team of aerospace engineers is developing a robust design for an aircraft. What does this phrase mean?
A design that incorporates advanced technologies to improve performance.
A design that uses multiple materials to increase strength and durability.
A design that is difficult to replicate or reverse engineer.
Your answer is correct
A design that can withstand large fluctuations in environment or loading conditions without failing.
Overall explanation
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 15
Robust design refers to a design that utilizes strategies to make it resistant to environmental changes, production flaws, and
harsh conditions. This means ensuring the product performs well even when faced with unexpected inputs or variables, such as
sudden temperature changes, increased loads, etc., so it won't fail when facing those variations.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 45Correct
What is the difference between a risk management plan and a contingency plan?
A risk management plan is created before a project begins, while a contingency plan is created during the project execution.
A risk management plan focuses on managing risks that have a high probability of occurring, while a contingency plan focuses
on managing risks that have a low probability of occurring.
Your answer is correct
A risk management plan focuses on identifying and mitigating risks, while a contingency plan focuses on responding to risks
that have already occurred.
A risk management plan is only used in high-risk projects, while a contingency plan is used in all projects.
Overall explanation
A risk management plan is a document that outlines the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with a
project or organization. It typically includes objectives, risk criteria, stakeholder identification, and team member roles and
responsibilities. A contingency plan, on the other hand, focuses on responding to risks that have already occurred. It typically
outlines the steps to be taken in order to minimize the impact of a risk event.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 46Incorrect
What is an example of a risk acceptance strategy?
Providing safety equipment to reduce the likelihood of injury
Correct answer
Continuing to operate in an area with a high risk of natural disasters
Installing security cameras to prevent theft
Your answer is incorrect
Conducting regular maintenance checks to identify potential equipment failures
Overall explanation
Risk acceptance is a risk treatment strategy that involves accepting the risk and continuing to operate despite the potential for
loss or damage. An example of this is continuing to operate in an area with a high risk of natural disasters.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 47Correct
You want to determine if the variance of a sample is significantly different from a certain given value. What test should you use?
ANOVA
Z-test
t-test
Your answer is correct
Chi-square test
Overall explanation
The chi-square test is used to compare the variance of a sample to a given value. This test can be used to determine if the
variance of a sample is significantly different from a certain given value.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 48Incorrect
What is the probability of getting 4 heads in 5 tosses of a coin if the probability of getting a head in one toss is 0.5?
Correct answer
0.15625
Your answer is incorrect
0.03125
0.25
0.0625
Overall explanation
The probability of getting 4 heads in 5 tosses of a coin is calculated using the binomial distribution. The formula for this is P(x) =
nCx * p^x * (1-p)^(n-x), where n is the number of trials, x is the number of successes, and p is the probability of success. In this
case, n = 5, x = 4, and p = 0.5. Plugging these values into the formula gives us P(x) = 5C4 * (0.5)^4 * (0.5)^(5-4) = 5C4 * (0.5)^5 = 5
* 0.03125 = 0.15625.
Domain
15
 16
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 49Incorrect
What is the main goal of 5S?
Your answer is incorrect
To improve the safety and health of the workplace.
To identify and implement process improvements.
Correct answer
To reduce waste and improve efficiency.
To increase customer satisfaction.
Overall explanation
The main goal of 5S is to reduce waste and improve efficiency in the workplace. This involves sorting, setting in order, shining
(cleaning and organizing), standardizing, and sustaining the process. It is a systematic approach used to create and maintain a
safe, organized, and productive work environment.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 50Correct
A construction company is concerned about the risk of accidents and injuries on its job sites. Which of the following is an
example of a risk treatment strategy that can be implemented to mitigate this risk?
Reducing the number of safety inspections to save time and money
Hiring more workers to complete tasks more quickly
Your answer is correct
Providing safety training to all employees
Providing additional insurance coverage to employees
Overall explanation
Risk mitigation is a risk treatment strategy that involves reducing the likelihood or impact of the risk. In this case, providing
safety training to all employees would help to reduce the risk of accidents and injuries by making sure that everyone knows how
to safely perform their job duties and identify potential hazards on the job site.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 51Incorrect
One of Nelson's rules in control charts is "nine points in a row are on the same side of the mean." What is the probability of such
an event occurring due to chance alone?
0.31%
0.01%
Correct answer
0.2%
Your answer is incorrect
0.79%
Overall explanation
You can think of this problem as flipping a coin. This is similar to calculating the probability of getting 9 consecutive heads in
flipping a coin. This will be (1/2)^9 = (0.5)^9 = 0.001953 or 0.1953%. This means that the probability of such an event occurring
due to chance alone is very low, and it is likely that there is a special cause variation present.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 52Correct
A Pareto chart is used to:
diagnose and solve quality control problems
identify the most important factors in a given situation
determine the root cause of problems
Your answer is correct
guide decision-making on where to focus resources
Overall explanation
A Pareto chart is a graphical tool used for decision-making. It is used to prioritize issues by showing which factors have the
greatest impact on overall performance. This helps guide decision-making about where resources should be focused in order to
maximize effectiveness.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 53Correct

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A customer satisfaction survey of an online store revealed that 50% of customers are satisfied with the store's delivery service.
In order to gain a deeper insight into their customers, the store is considering taking customer feedback through a focus group
interview. What advantage does this approach offer over the customer satisfaction survey?
It is more cost-effective.
More precise data points
Research by demographic
Your answer is correct
Option to ask follow-up questions
Overall explanation
A customer satisfaction survey measures customer satisfaction levels using numerical scores, while focus groups allow for more
nuanced conversations with customers and the opportunity to ask follow-up questions which can give a clearer understanding
of the customer's views and experiences. Focus groups also provide more chances for meaningful interaction between
participants than individual surveys do.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 54Incorrect
An airline wants to know the mean number of bags checked per flight passenger. The airline collected data from a sample of 25
flights and found that the sample mean was 1.5 bags per passenger with a standard deviation of 0.5. What is the 95% confidence
interval for the population mean number of bags checked per passenger? Given: t(0.975, 24) = 2.06
1.45 to 1.55
Your answer is incorrect
1.34 to 1.66
1.50 to 1.60
Correct answer
1.29 to 1.71
Overall explanation
The 95% confidence interval for the population mean number of bags checked per passenger can be calculated using the
formula CI (x - t(0.975, 24)*s/√n, x + t(0.975, 24)*s/√n). In this case, x is the sample mean (1.5), t(0.975, 24) is the critical value of
a Student's t-distribution with 24 degrees of freedom (2.06), s is the sample standard deviation (0.5) and n is the sample size (25).
Plugging these values into the formula gives us CI (1.294 to 1.706).
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 55Incorrect
Which of the following statements best describes the concept of interrelated processes?
The ability to break a process down into individual components.
Correct answer
The idea that one change can lead to many unintended consequences.
Testing each step of a process to ensure it meets its objective.
Your answer is incorrect
Interconnecting processes for faster and more efficient performance.
Overall explanation
Interrelated processes refer to the concept that changes made to one or more processes in a system often result in unwanted
cascading consequences, leading to significant impacts on related systems and subsystems. For example, if a train station has
been rerouted, this could impact another station due to increased traffic volume on connecting lines.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 56Correct
How are degrees of freedom calculated in a two-sample t-test with unequal sample sizes?
df = n1 + n2
df = n1 + n2 - 1
Your answer is correct
df = (n1 - 1) + (n2 - 1)
df = (n1 + n2) / 2
Overall explanation
The degrees of freedom for a two-sample t-test with unequal sample sizes is calculated by taking the sum of the degrees of
freedom for each sample, which is (n1 - 1) + (n2 - 1). This formula assumes that the samples are independent and that the
population variances are equal.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 57Correct
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Which of the following is an example of a supply chain risk?
An increase in demand for a product
A decrease in production costs
A decrease in interest rates
Your answer is correct
A cyber attack on a supplier's IT systems
Overall explanation
A supply chain risk is a potential disruption to the supply of goods or services that could negatively affect an organization's
operations. An example of a supply chain risk is a cyber attack on a supplier's IT systems, which could disrupt the flow of
materials and lead to delays or increased costs.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 58Correct
Which of the following quality tools is commonly used in healthcare to identify the most common sources of patient complaints
or issues?
Ishikawa diagram
Control chart
Histogram
Your answer is correct
Pareto chart
Overall explanation
Pareto charts are used to identify the most common sources of patient complaints and issues in healthcare by showing the
frequency or number of occurrences for each source. This allows healthcare professionals to prioritize their efforts and
resources toward addressing the most common problems first.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 59Correct
A certain electronic component has a reliability of 0.98. If ten of these components are used in series in the product, what is the
reliability of the product? (Assume independence)
Your answer is correct
0.817
0.02
0.182
0.998
Overall explanation
The product's reliability can be calculated using the formula - Reliability = 0.98^10 = 0.817. This means that the product's
reliability is 0.817, which is lower than the reliability of it's component parts.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 60Incorrect
In ANOVA, how is the degrees of freedom within the groups calculated?
Your answer is incorrect
The degrees of freedom within the groups is equal to the number of observations in each group minus one
The degrees of freedom within the groups is equal to the number of parameters being estimated in the model
The degrees of freedom within the groups is equal to the number of groups being compared minus one
Correct answer
The degrees of freedom within the groups is equal to the total number of observations minus the number of groups being
compared
Overall explanation
The degrees of freedom "within the groups" in ANOVA is calculated using the formula df = n - k, where n is the total number of
observations and k is the number of groups.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 61Incorrect
A machine is repaired four times during 30 days of operation. The average time to repair (MTTR) the machine is 8 hours per
repair. What is the Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) for this machine?
7200 Hours
Your answer is incorrect
72 Hours
Correct answer
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172 Hours
200 Hours
Overall explanation
The total operating time is 30 days*24 hours/day = 720 hours, minus the downtime of 32 hours for 4 repairs. This comes out to
be 720 - 32 = 688 hours. Hence the Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) is 688 hours/4 repairs = 172 hours.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 62Correct
Which of the following is a benefit of Enterprise Risk Management?
Your answer is correct
Improved decision-making
Decreased accountability
Increased exposure to risk
Increased profitability without any additional effort
Overall explanation
Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is a system that helps organizations assess and manage risk across all areas of the enterprise.
One of its benefits is improved decision-making, as it provides a comprehensive view of risks and allows organizations to weigh
potential outcomes before making decisions.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 63Incorrect
A company produces 500 parts per day. Based on the data collected for the last 30 days, the average number of defective
products were 6%. What will be the lower control limit for the control chart?
35.31
Your answer is incorrect
45.93
-12.31
Correct answer
14.07
Overall explanation
Since the number of defectives is being measured and the subgroup size is constant, the appropriate chart will be an np-chart.
The upper control limit for an np-chart is calculated as UCL = np - 3xSQRT(np(1-p)). In this case, n = 500 and p = 0.06. Therefore,
UCL = 500*0.06 - 3SQRT(500*0.06*(1-0.06)) = 30 - 15.93 = 14.07.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 64Correct
What is the primary purpose of a records retention schedule in a quality management system?
To determine which records need to be updated.
To limit the number of records that can be created in the system.
To ensure that records are stored in a secure location.
Your answer is correct
To determine which records can be discarded and when.
Overall explanation
A records retention schedule is an important part of a quality management system as it determines which documents and
records need to be kept and for how long. This helps to ensure that only the necessary information is stored while also allowing
companies to discard any unnecessary data in a timely manner. It also helps companies comply with applicable laws and
regulations related to record keeping.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 65Correct
A service organization wants to determine if there is a significant relationship between the type of service a customer received
and whether they left a tip. They collect data on 120 customers and construct the following contingency table. What are the
observed and expected frequencies for customers who received Service C and did not leave a tip?

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10, 10
Your answer is correct
20, 16.25
10, 13.75
20, 20
Overall explanation
The observed frequency for customers who received Service C and did not leave a tip can be found in the contingency table. It is
the number in the cell where Service C and No Tip intersect, which is 20. The expected frequency can be calculated using the
formula E (row total * column total) / grand total. In this case, the row total is 30, the column total is 65, and the grand total is
120. Therefore, E (30 * 65) / 120 = 16.25.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 66Correct
Which of the following is a process used to ensure that medical devices meet the stated requirements for safety, performance,
and usability?
Calibration
Risk Management
Quality Assurance
Your answer is correct
Verification & Validation
Overall explanation
Verification and validation are processes used to ensure that medical devices meet the stated requirements for safety,
performance, and usability. This process includes testing the device to verify its design and performance, as well as validating
that it meets all applicable regulatory requirements. These tests can involve installation qualification (IQ), operational
qualification (OQ), and process qualification (PQ). By completing these tests, manufacturers can be sure that their device is safe
and effective for use.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 67Correct
A company is considering whether to invest in a new machine. It will cost the company $50,000 and result in an expected
revenue of $75,000 over its lifespan. What would be the benefit-cost ratio for this investment?
Your answer is correct
1.5
2
0.5
3
Overall explanation
The benefit-cost ratio for this investment is calculated as follows - Benefit-Cost ratio = Expected Revenue / Cost = 75,000 /
50,000 = 1.5
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 68Correct
Which of the following types of Matrix Diagrams is used to identify the relationship between three sets of factors or inputs?
Your answer is correct
Y-shaped matrix
L-shaped matrix
T-shaped matrix
X-shaped matrix
Overall explanation
A Y-Shaped Matrix is a tool to identify the relationships between three sets of factors or inputs.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
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Question 69Correct
Which of the following summarizes the theme of the Juran Trilogy?
Fail-safe designs
Training and education
Your answer is correct
Continuous improvement
Quality policy
Overall explanation
The Juran Trilogy is a term used to describe the three universal steps for quality improvement. The three steps in the trilogy are
Quality Planning, Quality Control and Quality Improvement. Quality Planning involves setting goals which are measurable and
achievable. Quality Control is the process of ensuring that these goals are met, while Quality Improvement focuses on finding
ways to improve the quality of products and services and implementing those improvements. The overall theme of the Juran
Trilogy is, therefore, continuous improvement.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 70Correct
In a manufacturing setting, a process capability study has been conducted on a production line for assembling a certain type of
widget. The process can produce widgets with a mean length of 2.5 inches and a standard deviation of 0.1 inches. What is the
process capability index (Cpk) for this process?
Your answer is correct
It is not possible to calculate Cpk with the given information
1
0.1
2.5
Overall explanation
To calculate the process capability index (Cpk), you need to know the upper and lower specification limits for the widget length.
With just the mean and standard deviation, it is not possible to calculate Cpk.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 71Correct
What is the formula for CpL in a process capability study?
Your answer is correct
CpL = (Process Mean - LSL) / (3 * sigma within)
CpL = (USL - Process Mean) / (3 * sigma overall)
CpL = (USL - Process Mean) / (3 * sigma within)
CpL = (Process Mean - LSL) / (3 * sigma overall)
Overall explanation
CpL is calculated by dividing the difference between the process mean and the Lower Specification Limit (LSL) by 3 times the
sigma within value. This metric measures how closely a process can meet customer requirements for the lower specification
limit.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 72Correct
Which of the following types of tests is classified as a destructive test?
Ultrasonic test
Your answer is correct
Charpy impact test
Eddy current test
X-ray fluorescence test
Overall explanation
The Charpy impact test is a type of destructive test (DT). It is used to measure the amount of energy required to break a material
sample. This test involves striking the sample with an instrumented hammer and measuring the energy absorbed by the sample
before it breaks. The results of this test can be used to check the material's toughness and ductility.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 73Correct
What do parallel lines in an interaction plot indicate?
There is a significant interaction between the two factors being plotted
The main effect of one of the factors is significant
Your answer is correct
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There is no interaction between the two factors being plotted
The main effect of both factors is significant
Overall explanation
Parallel lines in an interaction plot indicate no interaction between the two factors being plotted) This means that the effect of
one factor on the response variable does not depend on the level of the other factor. If there is an interaction, then the lines will
not be parallel, indicating that the effect of one factor depends on the level of the other factor.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 74Correct
What is the primary purpose of gage blocks in dimensional metrology?
To align two parts for assembly.
To compare the dimensions of two parts.
Your answer is correct
To calibrate other measuring instruments.
To measure the dimensions of a part.
Overall explanation
Gage blocks are used in dimensional metrology to calibrate other measuring instruments, such as micrometres and callipers.
They consist of a set of precision-machined steel blocks that can be stacked together to create a variety of different lengths and
widths, which can then be used to check the accuracy of other measuring instruments.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 75Correct
A healthcare organization wants to determine if there is a significant relationship between the type of insurance a patient has
and whether they have been diagnosed with a certain disease. They collect data on 100 patients and construct the following
contingency table. What is the observed frequency for patients with Insurance A who have been diagnosed with the disease?

10
30
40
Your answer is correct
20
Overall explanation
The observed frequency for patients with Insurance A who have been diagnosed with the disease can be found in the
contingency table. It is the number in the cell where Insurance A and Diagnosed intersect, which is 20.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 76Correct
Which of the following is an important component of a business continuity plan?
Strategies for monitoring customer feedback
Your answer is correct
Strategies for responding to emergencies
Strategies for outsourcing services
Strategies for investing in new technology
Overall explanation
A business continuity plan outlines strategies for dealing with unexpected circumstances and managing disruption. It includes
steps such as developing emergency response plans, evaluating potential risks and developing mitigation strategies, preventing
data loss and establishing communication protocols.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 77Incorrect
What is the measurement on the micrometre shown below:

22
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Correct answer
9.85 mm
Your answer is incorrect
9.35 mm
8.35 mm
8.85 mm
Overall explanation
The lower lines in the micrometre are for 1 mm, and the upper lines show the midpoint between the two. In this case, 9 lines are
visible in the bottom (9 mm). Also, the midpoint is visible after 9 mm, which makes it 9.5 mm. We add 0.35 (shown on the wheel)
to it, making it 9.85 mm.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 78Incorrect
What is the main disadvantage of the Compete conflict resolution strategy?
Your answer is incorrect
It can be time-consuming and require a lot of effort.
It can be emotionally taxing for both parties involved.
It can result in a lose-lose outcome for both parties.
Correct answer
It can result in poor cooperation and teamwork.
Overall explanation
The Compete conflict resolution strategy involves trying to gain the upper hand in a dispute and taking an aggressive stance to
ensure that one's own needs are met. This approach can be effective in some situations, as it can help settle disputes quickly
and decisively. However, it can also lead to a lack of cooperation and teamwork between the two parties involved, which can
ultimately damage relationships
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 79Correct
What is the main purpose of the rule of 10 in MSA?
Your answer is correct
To ensure that the measurement system has sufficient resolution/discrimination to measure the characteristic being
measured accurately
To determine the stability of the measurement system
To determine the reproducibility of the measurement system
To determine the repeatability of the measurement system
Overall explanation
The main purpose of the rule of 10 in MSA (Measurement System Analysis) is to ensure that the measurement system has
sufficient resolution/discrimination to measure the characteristic being measured accurately. The rule states that the resolution
of a measurement system should be at least 10 times greater than the expected variation in the characteristic being measured)
This ensures that any changes in the characteristic can be accurately detected and measured.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 80Incorrect
In a 3rd angle projection, which view would show the top of the object?
Left-side view
Front view
Your answer is incorrect
Right-side view
Correct answer
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Top view
Overall explanation
In a 3rd angle projection, the top view of an object is shown in the top left of the drawing.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 81Incorrect
During a quality audit, what is the main objective of conducting interviews with auditee personnel?
To determine the scope of the audit
To assess the knowledge and skills of auditee personnel
Correct answer
To gather evidence on the effectiveness of the auditee's quality management system
Your answer is incorrect
To identify potential areas of nonconformance
Overall explanation
The "main" objective of conducting interviews with auditee personnel during a quality audit is to gather evidence on the
effectiveness of the auditee's quality management system. This also includes verifying that processes and procedures are being
followed, assessing the knowledge and skills of personnel, and identifying potential areas of non-conformance.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 82Correct
Which of the following training delivery methods combines lecture and discussion with experiential learning activities?
Your answer is correct
Blended
Self-Paced
Instructor-Led
Online
Overall explanation
Blended training delivery combines lecture and discussion with experiential learning activities to create an engaging and
effective learning experience.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 83Correct
What is the difference between a hazard and a risk?
A hazard is a potential source of harm, while a risk is the level of harm that could occur
A risk is a potential source of harm, while a hazard is the likelihood that harm will occur
Your answer is correct
A hazard is a potential source of harm, while a risk is the likelihood that harm will occur
There is no difference; the terms can be used interchangeably
Overall explanation
A hazard is a potential source of harm, such as a machine or a chemical. A risk is the likelihood that harm will occur from the
hazard. It is the probability that an event will cause harm or loss.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 84Correct
What is the purpose of a risk mitigation plan?
To eliminate all hazards in a process
To transfer all risk to a third party
To ignore risks that are deemed too low to be of concern
Your answer is correct
To reduce the level of risk to an acceptable level
Overall explanation
A risk mitigation plan is a document that details plans for reducing the level of risk associated with a given activity, process, or
system. The goal is to reduce the level of risk to an acceptable level.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 85Correct
In which of the following methods of orthogonal projections the plane of projection is transparent?
1st Angle Projection
2nd Angle Projection
4th Angle Projection
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Your answer is correct
3rd Angle Projection
Overall explanation
In a 3rd angle projection, the plane of projection is transparent. This means that the object is located behind the projection
plane, and the viewer has to look through the projection plane in order to view the object.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 86Correct
Which of the following is an example of a confidentiality agreement?
a standard employment contract
Your answer is correct
a non-disclosure agreement
an independent contractor agreement
a copyright license
Overall explanation
A non-disclosure agreement (NDA) is a legally binding contract between two or more parties that outlines confidential material,
knowledge, or information that the parties wish to share with one another for certain purposes but wish to restrict access to or
by third parties. NDAs are commonly used in business transactions and other situations where sensitive information needs to be
shared but kept confidential.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 87Correct
What is a Type I error?
Failing to reject a false null hypothesis
Accepting a true null hypothesis
Accepting a false null hypothesis
Your answer is correct
Rejecting a true null hypothesis
Overall explanation
A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true. This type of error is also known as a false
positive. It happens when the researcher incorrectly rejects the null hypothesis and concludes that there is a statistically
significant difference between two data sets or treatments, even though there is no real difference.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 88Correct
A company uses an acceptance sampling plan to monitor the quality of a product with a lot size of 10,000 units. The company
has set an AQL of 1% and uses normal inspection. If two lots out of five consecutive lots are rejected, what inspection procedure
should be used for the next lot?
Normal inspection
Reduced inspection
Your answer is correct
Tightened inspection
Terminate the supplier
Overall explanation
According to ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 standard, when two out of five consecutive lots are rejected, the subsequent lot should be sampled
using tightened inspection. This means that a larger sample size is used than with normal inspection in order to ensure that
defective items are not passed through the acceptance process.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 89Correct
What is an example of a risk avoidance strategy?
Hiring additional staff to manage workload
Purchasing insurance to mitigate financial risks
Installing sprinkler systems to control fire hazards
Your answer is correct
Discontinuing a high-risk product line
Overall explanation
Risk avoidance is a risk treatment strategy that completely avoids the risk, such as discontinuing a high-risk product line or
ceasing an activity that poses too much risk. It should be used when the cost of mitigating the risk outweighs the potential
benefit.
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Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 90Correct
What is the main goal of the Delphi technique?
To determine the root cause of a problem
To create a detailed risk management plan
To identify potential risks
Your answer is correct
To gather and summarize the opinions of a group of experts
Overall explanation
The main goal of the Delphi technique is to gather and summarize the opinions of a group of experts. This method is used to
identify potential risks, prioritize them based on their likelihood and impact, and reach a consensus among the experts involved
in the process. It does not involve creating a detailed risk management plan or determining the root cause of a problem.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 91Correct
What is the impact of a Type I error on a producer in statistical sampling?
Your answer is correct
The producer suffers from the error.
The error has no impact on the producer.
The error impacts the customer, not the producer.
The producer benefits from the error.
Overall explanation
A Type I error can have a negative impact on a producer in statistical sampling. This is because the buyer will likely reject an
entire good lot if the sample fails to meet the quality standards. This means that the producer will have to bear the cost of
producing and delivering a product that may not be accepted due to an incorrect decision based on a Type I error.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 92Incorrect
The exponential distribution is a special case of which of these two distributions?
Normal and Binomial
Your answer is incorrect
Weibull and Poisson
Correct answer
Weibull and Gamma
Normal and Poisson
Overall explanation
The exponential distribution is a special case of the Weibull distribution and the gamma distribution. The Weibull distribution is
a continuous probability distribution used to model events that occur over time, while the gamma distribution is a generalization
of the exponential distribution.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 93Correct
Which of the following costs is associated with quality control inspections and testing?
Prevention costs
External failure costs
Your answer is correct
Appraisal costs
Internal failure costs
Overall explanation
Appraisal costs are those associated with activities designed to detect defects before the product or service is delivered to the
customer. This includes activities such as inspecting and testing products for defects before they are shipped to customers.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 94Incorrect
What is reproducibility in the context of measurement?
The degree to which the measured value is consistent over time
Your answer is incorrect
The degree to which the measured value is precise or free from random error when measured repeatedly by the same
operator using the same measurement system
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Correct answer
The degree to which the measured value is reproducible by other operators or measurement
The degree to which the measured value is close to the true value of the quantity being measured
Overall explanation
Reproducibility is the degree to which a measurement is reproducible by other operators or measurement systems. It measures
a measurement's consistency when taken by different operators or using different measurement systems. Precision measures
how consistent a measurement is and how free it is from random error. Repeatability measures how consistent a measurement
is and how free it is from random error when repeated measurements are taken by the same operator using the same
measurement system. Bias measures how far a measurement is from its actual or true value.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 95Correct
A Quality Information System (QIS) is a computer-based system used to store, manage and access quality data in order to
facilitate decision-making. Which of the following best describes the benefits of using a QIS?
Your answer is correct
Increased accuracy and flexibility in accessing data
Increased reporting capabilities
Enhanced customer satisfaction
Reduced cost and improved efficiency
Overall explanation
A Quality Information System (QIS) provides increased accuracy, efficient access, control and auditability for data that is
important for delivering quality processes or products. The features of QIS real-time data capture, comprehensive storage
options, unlimited searchable records, report retrieval, customizable reporting and analysis tools, and alerts for
corrective/preventive action.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 96Correct
What is one popular technique used to evaluate training effectiveness?
Role Playing
Surveys
Your answer is correct
Pre- and Post-tests
Scenario Planning
Overall explanation
Pre- and post-tests are popular techniques used to evaluate the effectiveness of training. This type of testing measures
knowledge or performance before and after a course or program, allowing for pre- to post-comparisons. The results can then be
used to determine the extent to which the training was successful.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 97Correct
What is the formula for calculating OEE?
OEE = (Good Units / Total Units) x Cycle Time x Operating Time
OEE = Efficiency x Productivity x Reliability
Your answer is correct
OEE = Availability x Performance x Quality
OEE = (Planned Production Time - Downtime) / Planned Production Time
Overall explanation
The formula for calculating Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is OEE = Availability x Performance x Quality. OEE measures
how well a machine is used, taking into account downtime, speed and quality losses. The availability rate measures the
percentage of time the equipment is available for production; the performance rate measures the speed at which the
equipment is running; and the quality rate measures defects in the products produced.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 98Correct
What statistical tool is commonly used to identify the presence of a trend in time-series data?
ANOVA
Your answer is correct
Run chart
T-test
Chi-square test
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Overall explanation
A run chart is a type of graphical display that is used to observe patterns or trends in time-series data) It is used to identify
changes in the trend, such as increases and decreases, as well as any outliers that may be present. It can also be used to detect
seasonal or cyclical patterns in the data) The run chart is a simple yet effective tool for identifying trends in time-series data.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 99Correct
What is the role of senior management in Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)?
To ignore risks until they become problems
To transfer all risks to a third party
To delegate all risk management tasks to lower-level employees
Your answer is correct
To ensure that risk management is integrated into all business processes
Overall explanation
The role of senior management in Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is to ensure that risk management is integrated into all
business processes and practices. This includes setting policy, establishing standards and protocols, monitoring performance,
and taking corrective action when necessary.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 100Correct
Mathew wants to measure the improvements in supplier performance over time. What qualitative process improvement
method could he use?
Scatter plot
Brainstorming
Your answer is correct
Run chart
Pareto analysis
Overall explanation
Run charts are a type of qualitative process improvement method that can be used to measure changes in supplier performance
over time. A run chart plots data points into a sequence, usually on a line graph, and allows data trends over time to be easily
identified. Brainstorming is also a form of qualitative process improvement, but it should be used more generally for
brainstorming possible solutions and ideas. Pareto analysis is another tool used for measuring system performance, but it does
not specifically apply to supplier performance measurement. Scatter plots are useful for analyzing two quantitative variables
simultaneously, but they are inappropriate for measuring supplier performance improvements.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 101Incorrect
A multi-national organization has decided to implement a Comprehensive Risk Management Process within its supply chain.
Which of the following steps should be taken first?
Your answer is incorrect
Developing short-term and long-term mitigation strategies
Correct answer
Identifying and analyzing risks
Monitoring and controlling risks
Establishing risk tolerance levels
Overall explanation
The first step in implementing a Comprehensive Risk Management Process is to identify and analyze the potential risks that exist
in the supply chain. This can identifying areas of uncertainty or potential threats, such as weak points in the process, supplier
quality issues, or unexpected delays in shipments. After identifying the risks, an organization can establish risk tolerance levels
and develop strategies for mitigating those risks. Once these steps are completed, it is important to monitor and control risks to
ensure they stay within established levels.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 102Incorrect
Which of the following is NOT a key activity during the obsolescence and disposal phase of the product/process development
lifecycle?
Identifying disposal methods for products/processes
Your answer is incorrect
Determining end-of-life dates for products/processes
Correct answer
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Evaluating the effectiveness of the product/process design
Ensuring compliance with environmental regulations during the disposal
Overall explanation
During the Obsolescence and Disposal phase, activities focus on determining end-of-life dates for products/processes,
identifying disposal methods for products/processes, and ensuring compliance with environmental regulations during disposal.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 103Incorrect
What is the main advantage of using an interference fit?
Correct answer
It provides a strong mechanical bond between mating parts
Your answer is incorrect
It allows for easy assembly and disassembly of parts
It is less expensive than other types of fits
It eliminates the need for fasteners
Overall explanation
An interference fit is a type of fit used when assembling two parts. It involves creating an intentional gap between the two parts,
which causes them to be forced together when assembled. This creates a strong mechanical bond between the two parts,
making it ideal for applications where high levels of strength and stability are required.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 104Incorrect
If the probability of success in a binomial experiment is 0.3 and the number of trials is 15, what is the probability of getting at
most 5 successes?
Correct answer
0.7215
0.1767
Your answer is incorrect
0.3159
0.3629
Overall explanation
The probability of getting at most 5 successes in 15 trials with a probability of success equal to 0.3 can be calculated by adding
up the probabilities of getting 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 successes: (15 choose 0) * (0.3^0) * (0.7^15) + (15 choose 1) * (0.3^1) * (0.7^14)
+ (15 choose 2) * (0.3^2) * (0.7^13) + (15 choose 3) * (0.3^3) * (0.7^12) + (15 choose 4) * (0.3^4) * (0.7^11) + (15 choose 5) *
(0.3^5) * (0.7^10) = 0.7215
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 105Correct
What is the symbol for perpendicularity in GD&T?
θ
Σ
Your answer is correct
⊥
∠
Overall explanation
The symbol for perpendicularity in Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) is ⊥. This symbol indicates that two
surfaces or lines are perpendicular to each other, forming a right angle.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 106Correct
Suppose a manufacturer is testing 1000 light bulbs and records the following information. 200 bulbs failed after 100 hours of
operation, 400 bulbs failed after 200 hours of operation, and 400 bulbs failed after 300 hours of operation. Calculate the MTTF.
300 Hours
275 Hours
Your answer is correct
220 Hours
200 Hours
Overall explanation
The total operating time for these 1000 bulbs is 200*100 + 400*200 + 400*300 = 220,000 hours. The total number of failures is
1000. Hence, the Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) = 220,000/1000 = 220 Hours.
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Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 107Correct
Which one of the following is an example of a discrete quality characteristic?
Level of brightness on a display
Amount of paint applied to a product
Overall length of a product
Your answer is correct
Number of defects in a batch of products
Overall explanation
Discrete quality characteristics are those that can be counted and recorded accurately, such as numbers or frequencies. The
number of defects in a batch of products is an example of a discrete quality characteristic. On the other hand, the amount of
paint applied to a product, the overall length of a product, and the level of brightness on display are examples of Continuous
quality characteristics that are measured using numerical values.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 108Correct
According to Deming's 14 points, what should management do in order to promote quality improvement effectively?
Provide clear direction and leadership
Your answer is correct
Eliminate numerical goals, posters and slogans
Set performance standards for workers
Develop uniform procedures and regulations
Overall explanation
Deming's 14 Points are a set of recommendations for managers to improve the quality of their products. One of these points is
that management should eliminate numerical goals, posters, and slogans, as these can lead to short-term motivation but
generally don't improve long-term quality improvement.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 109Correct
Which of the following is an important aspect of risk management?
Avoiding all risks at all times
Ignoring risks until they become problems
Accepting all risks without question
Your answer is correct
Identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks
Overall explanation
Risk management is the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks. It involves analyzing potential risks and developing
strategies to minimize their impact or probability of occurrence. This includes avoiding, transferring, mitigating, or accepting
risks where necessary.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 110Correct
What is the primary purpose of configuration management in a quality management system?
To identify and mitigate risks associated with product or process changes.
To ensure that products or processes meet customer requirements.
Your answer is correct
To keep track of changes made to a product or process over time.
To establish control over the design and development of products or processes.
Overall explanation
Configuration management is a critical aspect of quality management systems since it allows for tracking and controlling
changes made to products or processes over time. This helps to ensure that any modifications are documented and approved by
management, as well as providing traceability in order to identify potential issues before they arise.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 111Correct
What does the x-axis of an OC curve represent?
The producer's risk
Your answer is correct
The proportion of nonconforming items
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The sample size
The acceptance number
Overall explanation
An OC curve (Operating Characteristic curve) is a graph that shows the relationship between the producer's risk and consumer
risk for a given sample size. The x-axis of an OC curve represents the proportion of nonconforming items or the fraction of
defective items in the sample size. The y-axis represents the probability of accepting the lot.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 112Correct
What is the relationship between the Producer's Risk (α) and the Consumer's Risk ( β)?
Your answer is correct
If α decreases, β increases.
If α increases, β increases.
If α decreases, β decreases.
They are not related.
Overall explanation
The relationship between the Producer's Risk (α) and the Consumer's Risk ( β) is inverse; as one increases, the other decreases.
The Producer's Risk refers to the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis, while the Consumer's Risk refers to the
probability of failing to reject a false null hypothesis. Therefore, if α decreases (the chance of rejecting a true null hypothesis
decreases), then β increases (the chance of failing to reject a false null hypothesis increases).
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 113Correct
Which of the following is an auditing technique used to evaluate a risk management system?
Your answer is correct
Sampling
Statistical process control
Root cause analysis
Design of Experiments
Overall explanation
Sampling is an auditing technique used to evaluate a risk management system. It involves selecting a subset of elements from
the population and performing tests on them to get an idea of the population's characteristics. Other auditing techniques
questionnaires, inspecting records, and interviewing personnel.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 114Correct
A Weibull distribution with a shape parameter (k) less than 1 indicates what type of hazard function?
Your answer is correct
Decreasing hazard function
Increasing hazard function
Unstable hazard function
Constant hazard function
Overall explanation
A Weibull distribution with a shape parameter (k) less than 1 indicates a decreasing hazard function, meaning that the failure
rate decreases as time progresses.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 115Correct
Which of the following is an appropriate method for ensuring data security when storing digital documents?
Your answer is correct
Encrypting the documents
Password-protecting the documents
Using a paper shredding device
Limiting access to the physical devices that store the data
Overall explanation
Encrypting documents is an effective and secure way to protect digital documents from unauthorized access. Encryption
scrambles data into unreadable formats, making it difficult for potential attackers or unauthorized users to access them without
the correct decryption key.
Domain
2 The Quality System
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Question 116Incorrect
What is the main goal of a GR&R study?
Correct answer
To determine the reproducibility and repeatability of a measurement system
Your answer is incorrect
To determine the precision of a measurement system
To determine the accuracy of a measurement system
To determine the stability of a measurement system
Overall explanation
Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility (GR&R) studies are used to evaluate the precision of a measurement system. The main
goal of a GR&R study is to determine the reproducibility and repeatability of a measurement system, which are two measures of
precision.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 117Correct
Which of the following is the most effective error-proofing approach?
A checkbox that must be checked before a product can be shipped
Your answer is correct
A barcode scanner that prevents incorrect orders from being processed
A system that logs all errors
A machine that requires two operators to verify a process
Overall explanation
Out of the above examples, barcode scanners prevent incorrect orders from being processed. This is the most effective
approach because it eliminates the possibility of human error.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 118Incorrect
Which of the following is responsible for selecting the audit team and approving the audit plan?
Correct answer
The client
The certification body
Your answer is incorrect
The audit team leader
The auditee
Overall explanation
The client is responsible for selecting the audit team and approving the audit plan. The auditee is responsible for providing
access to the necessary documents and information for the audit, and the audit team leader is responsible for planning and
conducting the audit.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 119Skipped
Which of the following is an example of a risk monitoring technique used in healthcare?
Statistical process control (SPC)
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
Correct answer
Adverse event reporting system
Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP)
Overall explanation
Risk monitoring is a process used to identify and assess emerging risks. In the healthcare sector, an adverse event reporting
system is a risk monitoring technique that involves collecting and analyzing data on any adverse events or incidents that occur in
order to identify potential risks and take corrective action. By monitoring adverse events, organizations can proactively address
any issues before they become larger problems.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 120Incorrect
A company has a process that produces batches of 100 units. Over the past year, the process has had an average of 5 defective
units per batch. What is the probability that a randomly selected batch will have exactly 4 defective units?
0.00005
Correct answer
0.1755
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Your answer is incorrect
0.0351
0.0005
Overall explanation
The probability of getting exactly k occurrences in a Poisson distribution is given by the following formula: P(X=k) = (e^(-λ) * λ^k)
/ k! where λ is the average number of occurrences and e is the base of the natural logarithm. For this problem, X is the number
of defective units, k=4, and λ=5. P(X=4) = (e^(-5) * 5^4) / 4! = (0.006737946999085467)*(625/24) = 0.1755. If you use Binominal
distribution, the result will be similar.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 121Incorrect
Here is a sample RACI matrix for a project to launch a new product in a manufacturing company. Who has the ultimate
responsibility for ensuring that the product is dispatched on time?

Correct answer
Product Manager
Production Team
Your answer is incorrect
Logistics Team
Quality Control Team
Overall explanation
In the RACI matrix, the Product Manager is listed as "Accountable" for the task of dispatching the product on time. This means
they are ultimately responsible for ensuring that the product is dispatched on time and that all other tasks related to this
process are completed correctly and on time.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 122Correct
Which of the following is an example of risk-based thinking?
To implement corrective actions to address errors
To set up a system for monitoring and reporting errors
To identify and eliminate root causes of errors
Your answer is correct
To prevent errors from occurring in the first place
Overall explanation
Risk-based thinking is a proactive process of assessing and mitigating risks before they occur. It involves identifying potential
risks, analyzing their likelihood and severity, and implementing measures to prevent them from occurring.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 123Correct
A hospital is developing a new patient care program. Which of the following activities can be used to identify stakeholders for
this project?
Your answer is correct
Brainstorming
Risk assessment
Five why analysis
Root cause analysis
Overall explanation
Brainstorming is an effective method for identifying stakeholders, as it encourages a broad range of ideas and allows
participants to contribute their knowledge and experiences to the brainstorming process. It involves all members suggesting
various stakeholders that could be relevant to the project and then assessing them based on their individual roles,
responsibilities, and expectations.
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Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 124Correct
A healthcare organization wants to determine if there is a significant difference in the number of male and female patients at
their clinic) They collected data on the gender of 200 patients and constructed the following table. What is the chi-square
statistic for this data?

200
201.2
Your answer is correct
2.02
2
Overall explanation
The chi-square statistic for this data can be calculated using the formula (O-E)^2/E, where O is the observed frequency and E is
the expected frequency. In this case, the chi-square statistic is (100-110)^2/110 + (100-90)^2/90 = 2.02.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 125Correct
Which of the following is an example of a value-added activity in a manufacturing setting?
Your answer is correct
Manufacturing the right product
Transporting materials between workstations
Waiting for the next step in the process
Overproducing inventory to meet demand
Overall explanation
Manufacturing the right product is an example of a value-added activity in a manufacturing setting. Value-added activities are
those that directly contribute to the production of a product or service and add value for the customer. In this case,
manufacturing the correct product ensures that customers receive what they have ordered and that it meets their expectations.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 126Correct
What is the formula for calculating availability?
MTBF / (MTBF - MTTR)
MTTR / (MTBF + MTTR)
Your answer is correct
MTBF / (MTBF + MTTR)
(MTBF - MTTR) / MTBF
Overall explanation
The formula for calculating availability is MTBF / (MTBF + MTTR). This formula provides a measure of the percentage of time that
a system is available for use. In this, MTBF is uptime, and MTTR is downtime.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 127Correct
A machine produces widgets with an average rate of 5 defects per 1000 widgets. What is the probability that a batch of 1000
widgets will have exactly 8 defects?
Your answer is correct
0.0652
0.0092
0.0498
0.135
Overall explanation
The probability of a batch of 1000 widgets having exactly 8 defects in a Poisson process with a rate of 5 defects per 1000 widgets
is given by the formula P(X=8) = (e^(-5) * 5^8) / 8! = 0.0652.
Domain
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6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 128Incorrect
What is the purpose of a surveillance audit?
To evaluate the effectiveness of a corrective action plan
Correct answer
To ensure ongoing compliance with certification standards
Your answer is incorrect
To investigate a customer complaint or nonconformity
To certify an organization's quality management system
Overall explanation
A surveillance audit is used to ensure ongoing compliance with certification standards. This type of audit is conducted
periodically or on an ongoing basis to verify that the organization has maintained its quality management system and continues
to meet applicable requirements.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 129Correct
Which of the following methods of Gage R&R looks at the interaction between variation due to repeatability, reproducibility and
parts?
Your answer is correct
The analysis of variance method (ANOVA)
The range method
The average and range method
Regression method
Overall explanation
The analysis of variance (ANOVA) method of Gage R&R looks at the interaction between variation due to repeatability,
reproducibility and parts. This method determines how much of the total variation in a measurement system is due to each
source. It also helps identify which sources are contributing most to the total variation. The range method and average and
range methods are also used for GRR, but there is no method in GRR called the Regression method.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 130Correct
What is the main purpose of a risk register in risk management?
Your answer is correct
To record and analyze all risks associated with a project
To minimize or eliminate risks posed to a project
To evaluate the potential outcomes of each risk
To identify and prioritize high-risk tasks
Overall explanation
A risk register is an important tool for managing project and operational risks. It is used to document and track identified risks,
quantify their severity, and prioritize and measure progress against key mitigating actions taken to reduce their impact from
occurring. The purpose of a risk register is to capture, organize, analyze and evaluate all identified risks associated with any type
of project.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 131Incorrect
An organization is considering expanding its workforce by hiring two additional employees. Each new hire will cost the
organization $30,000 annually in salaries and benefits. However, the organization expects that each employee could increase
profits by $20,000 per year. What is the net cost-benefit of this decision?
Your answer is incorrect
$20,000
0
($10,000)
Correct answer
($20,000)
Overall explanation
A cost-benefit analysis looks at the expected costs and benefits associated with an investment or decision in order to determine
if it is worth undertaking. In this case, the cost of hiring two new employees is $60,000 (2 x $30,000). The expected benefit from
this decision is $40,000 (2 x $20,000). Therefore, the net cost-benefit of this decision is -$20,000 ($60k - $40k).
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
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Question 132Correct
What is the purpose of a risk matrix?
To eliminate all risks in a process
To identify all hazards in a process
To transfer all risk to a third party
Your answer is correct
To evaluate the likelihood and severity of a risk
Overall explanation
A risk matrix is a tool used to evaluate the likelihood and severity of a risk. It is used to determine the relative risk of each
identified hazard and prioritize them for further action.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 133Correct
How many degrees of freedom does the Tertiary Datum control in a Datum Reference Frame?
Your answer is correct
1 degree of freedom
3 degrees of freedom
6 degrees of freedom
2 degrees of freedom
Overall explanation
Primary datum controls 3 degrees of freedom; Secondary datum controls 2 degrees of freedom; Tertiary Datum controls 1
degree of freedom.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 134Correct
In order to select the most important idea from a brainstorming session, a team decides to use multi-voting. What is multi-
voting?
There is one collective vote amongst the team members
Each team member votes for one idea
All ideas are voted on using a ranking system
Your answer is correct
Each team member votes for multiple ideas
Overall explanation
Multi-voting is a tool used in brainstorming and problem-solving sessions. The idea behind it is to allow each team member to
vote for multiple ideas so that the most important ones can be identified quickly and easily. This helps teams prioritize their
work and focus on the most impactful topics.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 135Correct
A software development company has identified a risk of cyber-attacks on their servers. Which of the following risk treatment
strategies is best suited to mitigate this risk?
Transfer
Avoid
Accept
Your answer is correct
Mitigate
Overall explanation
Risk mitigation is a risk treatment strategy that involves reducing the likelihood or impact of the risk. The software development
company could mitigate this risk by implementing security measures such as firewalls, encryption, and regular security scans.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 136Correct
What is the purpose of a Quality Manual in a quality management system?
To track changes to the system over time
To record customer complaints and feedback
Your answer is correct
To provide an overview of the system and its requirements
To ensure that processes comply with applicable regulations
Overall explanation

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A Quality Manual is a document that provides an overview of the quality management system and its requirements. It outlines
the quality policies, procedures, and processes that are used to ensure that products and services comply with established
standards and customer requirements. The Quality Manual also serves as a reference document for all employees involved in
the system.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 137Correct
Which of the following types of Matrix diagrams is commonly used to identify the most critical quality characteristics of a
product or process?
Interrelationship diagram
Relationship matrix
Process decision program chart (PDPC)
Your answer is correct
Quality function deployment (QFD) matrix
Overall explanation
A Quality Function Deployment (QFD) matrix is a tool used to identify and prioritize the most important quality characteristics of
a product or process.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 138Incorrect
A normal distribution has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 5. What is the probability that a randomly chosen value from
the distribution will be between 45 and 55?
Your answer is incorrect
0.3085
Correct answer
0.6827
0.3413
0.9545
Overall explanation
45 is one standard deviation below the mean, and 55 is one standard deviation above the mean. The probability of a randomly
chosen value from the distribution between these two values is 0.6827, equal to the area under the normal curve between -1
and +1 standard deviations from the mean.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 139Incorrect
What is the purpose of a request for proposal (RFP)?
Your answer is incorrect
To identify potential suppliers.
To negotiate prices with suppliers.
To evaluate suppliers based on a set of criteria.
Correct answer
To solicit bids and proposals from suppliers.
Overall explanation
A request for proposal (RFP) is a document used to solicit bids and proposals from potential suppliers. The purpose of an RFP is
to obtain the best possible offer from suppliers based on an organization's particular needs and requirements.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 140Correct
What are the three components of OEE?
Inspection time, testing time, and validation time.
Efficiency, productivity, and reliability.
Downtime, setup time, and changeover time.
Your answer is correct
Availability, performance, and quality.
Overall explanation
Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) measures a machine's availability, performance, and quality. OEE measures how well a
machine is used, taking into account downtime, speed and quality losses. The three components of OEE are availability,
performance, and quality. Availability refers to the percentage of time the equipment is available for production; performance
refers to the speed at which the equipment is running; and quality refers to defects in the products produced. Calculating OEE
can help identify areas where production can be improved, allowing for more efficient use of resources and higher profits.
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Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 141Incorrect
A restaurant needs to select a team of 2 servers and 1 cook for a busy shift. There are a total of 5 servers and 3 cooks to choose
from. How many different combinations of staff are possible?
Your answer is incorrect
5
15
45
Correct answer
30
Overall explanation
We need to choose 2 servers and 1 cook, so we use the formula: (5 choose 2) * (3 choose 1) = (5 x 4)/(2 x 1) * (3 x 2)/(2 x 1) = 10
* 3 = 30.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 142Correct
Which of the following is an example of motion waste in a manufacturing environment?
Using a process that requires multiple employees to complete a single task.
Repeatedly adjusting a machine to get it to work properly.
Your answer is correct
Walking to a different part of the factory to retrieve a tool or part.
Receiving a defective part or material that requires additional inspection or rework.
Overall explanation
Motion waste in a manufacturing environment is any activity that requires employees to move from one point to another or
make unnecessary adjustments or changes. An example of this would be walking to a different part of the factory to retrieve a
tool or part, which takes time away from actually producing the product. Additionally, it can lead to lost productivity and can
increase the risk of errors or mistakes if the right tool or part is not located quickly.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 143Correct
What is the key element of business resiliency?
Data encryption
Risk management
Your answer is correct
Disaster recovery planning
Quality assurance
Overall explanation
Business resiliency describes the ability of a business to not only recover from disruptions but also continue to function and
thrive despite them. To be prepared for any kind of disruption, businesses need to have a sound disaster recovery plan in place,
which includes risk management and proactive measures like data encryption and quality assurance. Therefore, the key element
of business resilience is disaster recovery planning.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 144Correct
A manufacturing plant is concerned about the risk of equipment breakdowns that could lead to production delays. Which of the
following is an example of a risk treatment strategy that can be implemented to mitigate this risk?
Adding extra shifts to increase production output
Your answer is correct
Implementing a preventive maintenance program
Cross-training employees to work on different machines
Increasing the number of production supervisors
Overall explanation
Risk mitigation is a risk treatment strategy that involves reducing the likelihood or impact of the risk. In this case, implementing
a preventive maintenance program would help to reduce the risk of equipment breakdowns by regularly inspecting and
servicing machines to identify potential issues before they cause production delays.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 145Incorrect

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A data scientist wants to predict the likelihood of a customer subscribing to a newspaper. The outcome variable has two values:
0 for no and 1 for yes. The independent variables are customer age, gender, shopping habits and whether they have previously
subscribed). What type of model should they use?
Your answer is incorrect
linear regression
clustering
Correct answer
logistic regression
decision tree
Overall explanation
Logistic regression is a classification model that can be used to predict an outcome with two categories (in this case, either 0 or
1). It is most commonly used when the dependent variable is binary (e.g., yes/no). It uses the independent variables to estimate
the probability of getting either result and produces a single number representing the probability. Therefore, it is particularly
suitable for predicting the likelihood of customers subscribing to a newspaper in this case. NOTE - Logistic regression is
specifically included in ASQ BoK, but it is not unusual to get some questions slightly out of the topic.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 146Incorrect
A company produces 500 parts per day. Based on the data collected for the last 30 days, on average, 4.3 defects were observed
daily. What will be the lower control limit for the control chart?
4.01
Correct answer
0
Your answer is incorrect
1.37
1.2
Overall explanation
Since the number of defects is being measured and the subgroup size is constant, the appropriate chart will be a c-chart. The
lower control limit for a c-chart is calculated as LCL = c - 3xSQRT(c). In this case, c = 4.3. Therefore, LCL = 4.3 - 3SQRT(4.3) = 4.3 -
6.2 = -1.92. Since the number of defects cannot be negative, the lower control limit is set to 0.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 147Incorrect
Which of the following is NOT an example of a qualitative risk assessment method?
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
Risk ranking and prioritization
Correct answer
Monte Carlo simulation
Your answer is incorrect
Delphi technique
Overall explanation
Monte Carlo simulation is a quantitative risk assessment method which is used to evaluate the expected value of a project by
running simulations with different variables. On the other hand, risk ranking and prioritization, failure mode and effects analysis
(FMEA), and the Delphi technique are all examples of qualitative risk assessment methods.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 148Correct
In force field analysis, which of the following refers to factors that work against the movement in a certain direction?
Your answer is correct
Restraining forces
Driving forces
Deflecting forces
Neutral forces
Overall explanation
Force field analysis is a technique used to help analyze, understand and change complex systems. In this technique, the driving
forces are factors that work for the movement in a certain direction and restraining forces are factors that work against it.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 149Correct

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In a hospital, 40% of patients have diabetes, 25% have high blood pressure, and 10% have both conditions. If a patient is chosen
randomly, what is the probability that they do not have any of these two conditions?
85%
35%
32.50%
Your answer is correct
45%
Overall explanation
In this case, where A is the event "has diabetes," B is the event "has high blood pressure," and P(A ∩ B) is the probability of
having both diabetes and high blood pressure (10%). P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B) = 0.40 + 0.25 - 0.10 = 0.55. Now we can
find the probability of not having either condition using the rule of complement P(A' U B') = 1 - P(A U B) = 1 - 0.55 = 0.45
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 150Correct
Value-stream mapping is used to identify which of the following?
Your answer is correct
Value-added and non-value-added activities in a process
The number of employees needed to perform a task
Defects in a product or service
The cost of materials used in a process
Overall explanation
Value-stream mapping is used to identify value-added and non-value-added activities in a process. This helps to identify areas of
improvement, streamline processes, reduce costs, and improve quality. It also helps to create plans for future improvements to
ensure that the desired outcome is achieved.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 151Correct
The International System of Units (SI) uses seven base units to measure physical quantities. Which of the following is NOT one of
these base units?
Seconds
Meters
Kilogram
Your answer is correct
Gallon
Overall explanation
The International System of Units (SI) uses seven base units to measure physical quantities, such as length, mass, time,
temperature and electric current. These base units are the kilogram (kg), meter (m), second (s), ampere (A), kelvin (K), mole
(mol), and candela (cd). A gallon is NOT one of these seven base units.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 152Incorrect
Which of the following is a typical minimum acceptable value for the Number of Distinct Categories (NDC) in GRR analysis?
Correct answer
5
Your answer is incorrect
10
9.5
2
Overall explanation
The Number of Distinct Categories (NDC) measures the number of distinct categories that can be used to classify the data in a
GRR analysis. A minimum acceptable value for NDC is 5, which means that there must be at least 5 distinct categories for the
GRR analysis to be valid.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 153Incorrect
Which of the following types of CMMs is best suited for measuring the dimensions of a large part with high precision?
Correct answer
Bridge CMM
Portable CMM
Your answer is incorrect
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Cantilever CMM
Optical CMM
Overall explanation
Bridge CMMs are the most suitable type of CMM for measuring large parts with high precision. They feature a fixed bridge or
frame that supports the moving X-Y table, providing stability and enabling accurate measurements over large distances. They
are commonly used in automotive, aerospace, and other industrial applications where precise measurements of large parts are
required.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 154Incorrect
You have collected data from a survey of 25 people that shows the average salary of employees in your company is $45,000 with
a standard deviation of 5,000. What is the 95% confidence interval for this data? Given t(0.025, 24) = 2.064
$40,000 to $50,000
Correct answer
$43,000 to $47,000
Your answer is incorrect
$42,500 to $47,500
$41,250 to $48,750
Overall explanation
The 95% confidence interval for this data can be calculated using the formula ( mean - t(alpha/2) * standard error, mean +
t(alpha/2)* standard error).In this case, t(alpha/2) for 24 degrees of freedom is 2.064, so the 95% confidence interval is ($45,000
- 2.064 * $5,000/sqrt(25), $45,000 + 2.064*$5,000/sqrt(25)) = ($42,936 to $47,064). The nearest values to this interval are
$43,000 to $47,000.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 155Correct
Which of the following is a key concept in the Plan stage of PDCA?
Evaluating the results of the improvement process.
Identifying and addressing root causes of defects or errors.
Implementing and monitoring improvements to the process.
Your answer is correct
Identifying and defining the problem or opportunity for improvement.
Overall explanation
The Plan stage of PDCA is focused on identifying and defining the problem or opportunity for improvement. This involves
gathering data, analyzing the current process, and setting objectives for improvement. During this stage, it is also important to
determine what resources are needed to achieve the desired outcomes. Once a plan has been created, it can be implemented in
the Do stage of PDCA.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 156Correct
When using Cp and Cpk, what must be true about the process being studied?
It does not matter if the process is in statistical control
Your answer is correct
It must be in statistical control
It must be out of statistical control
It must be in control but not necessarily in statistical control
Overall explanation
Cp and Cpk are used to measure the capability of a process that is in statistical control. If the process is not in statistical control,
then these metrics cannot be used to accurately measure the process capability.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 157Correct
What is preventive action?
Action taken to correct a nonconformity that has already occurred
Action taken to improve a process or system
Action taken to eliminate the cause of a nonconformity
Your answer is correct
Action taken to prevent a potential nonconformity from occurring
Overall explanation

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Preventive action is the process of taking action to prevent a "potential" nonconformity from occurring in the future. This may
involve implementing error-proofing/poka-yoke techniques and robust design principles, as well as conducting regular reviews
of processes and systems to identify areas for improvement.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 158Incorrect
Which of the following is a key principle of Kaizen?
Your answer is incorrect
Focusing on the needs and preferences of customers.
Emphasizing the importance of inspection and testing.
Eliminating waste and inefficiency in a process.
Correct answer
Involving all employees in the improvement process.
Overall explanation
Kaizen is a management philosophy that emphasizes the importance of continuous improvement. A key principle of this
approach is involving all employees in the improvement process in order to identify and address problems quickly and efficiently.
Employees are encouraged to offer ideas, suggestions, and feedback so that solutions can be found through open
communication and collaboration. Kaizen also encourages eliminating waste and inefficiency in processes, focusing on the needs
and preferences of customers, and other strategies that can help to improve quality.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 159Incorrect
Which of the following best describes the term "corrective action"?
Taking action to eliminate the nonconformance
Correct answer
Identifying the root cause of a problem and taking steps to eliminate it
Your answer is incorrect
Identifying the cause of a problem and developing a plan to prevent its recurrence
Taking action to prevent the recurrence of a problem
Overall explanation
Corrective action is the process of identifying the root cause of a problem and taking steps to prevent its recurrence. This may
involve developing an action plan and ensuring that appropriate resources are allocated to carry out this plan effectively.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 160Correct
Hatch lines in an engineering drawing are used for
Your answer is correct
indicating sections or cross-sections in a drawing
indicating centerlines and hidden lines
hiding invisible lines
showing the contour of a cut part
Overall explanation
Hatch lines, also known as section lines, are used to indicate sections or cross-sections of a particular part in an engineering
drawing.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design

Practice test 2
Question 1Correct
Which of the following best describes the concept of risk?
The likelihood of achieving a negative outcome
The extent to which an outcome deviates from a target value
Your answer is correct
The degree of uncertainty associated with an event
The probability of achieving a positive outcome
Overall explanation
Risk is the degree of uncertainty associated with an event. It describes the potential of something going wrong and can be
measured as a probability or likelihood of an unexpected outcome occurring.
Domain
7 Risk Management
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Question 2Incorrect
Which of the following is an example of a product design risk mitigation strategy?
Correct answer
Conducting market research to identify potential customer needs and preferences
Cutting costs by reducing the quality of the product
Ignoring feedback from test users during the product design phase
Your answer is incorrect
Adding more features to the product to make it more attractive to customers
Overall explanation
A product design risk mitigation strategy is a way to reduce the potential risks associated with launching a new product. An
example of such a strategy is conducting market research to identify potential customer needs and preferences so that the
product is designed to meet those needs.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 3Incorrect
What does a low precision-to-tolerance ratio indicate in the context of measurement?
Your answer is incorrect
The tolerance of the characteristic being measured is more wide than necessary for the precision of the measurement system
Correct answer
The measurement system is less precise than necessary for the tolerance of the characteristic being measured
The measurement system is more precise than necessary for the tolerance of the characteristic being measured
The tolerance of the characteristic being measured is more narrow than necessary for the precision of the measurement
system
Overall explanation
A low precision-to-tolerance ratio indicates that the measurement system is less precise than necessary for the tolerance of the
characteristic being measured. This means that the measurement system cannot accurately measure the characteristic within its
specified tolerance range. In this case, it may be necessary to improve the precision of the measurement system or adjust the
tolerance range to ensure accurate measurements.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 4Correct
How is a histogram usually used in data analysis?
To identify patterns in the data
Your answer is correct
To visualize the frequency distribution of a variable
To determine the correlation between two variables
To compare the means of two groups
Overall explanation
A histogram is a graph that is used to visualize the frequency distribution of a variable. It shows the number or percentage of
observations for each bin (category). By visualizing this data, it helps us to identify patterns quickly and to make comparisons
between different groups.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 5Correct
Which of the following distributions is commonly used to model MTBF?
Uniform distribution
Normal distribution
Your answer is correct
Exponential distribution
Poisson distribution
Overall explanation
The exponential distribution is commonly used to model Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) because it is a memoryless
process, and it assumes that the failure rate remains constant. This makes it suitable for modelling situations where the
probability of failure does not depend on the amount of time that has elapsed since the last failure.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 6Correct
What is the main purpose of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)?
To eliminate all risks from the organization
To ignore risks that are not significant
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To transfer all risks to a third party
Your answer is correct
To mitigate risks to an acceptable level
Overall explanation
The main purpose of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is to identify, assess, and mitigate risks to an acceptable level. This
allows organizations to reduce the potential impact of risks on their operations, resources, and objectives.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 7Correct
If the probability of success in a binomial experiment is 0.7 and the number of trials is 10, what is the probability of getting
exactly 6 successes?
0.28
0.0729
Your answer is correct
0.2
0.002
Overall explanation
The probability of getting exactly 6 successes in 10 trials with a probability of success equal to 0.7 can be calculated using the
binomial formula: (10 choose 6) * (0.7^6) * (0.3^4) = 210 * 0.1176 * 0.0081 = 0.200.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 8Correct
Which of the following is an example of a non-value-adding activity?
Scheduling production runs
Producing items
Order fulfillment
Your answer is correct
Moving products from one station to another
Overall explanation
Moving products from one station to another is an example of a non-value-adding activity. Non-value-adding activities are those
that do not contribute directly to the production of a product or service and can be eliminated without impacting the quality or
quantity of the output.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 9Correct
What is the main purpose of the Bias study in MSA?
To determine the reproducibility of a measurement system
Your answer is correct
To determine the accuracy of a measurement system
To determine the stability of a measurement system
To determine the repeatability of a measurement system
Overall explanation
The Bias study is one of the components of MSA and is used to evaluate the accuracy of a measurement system. The main
purpose of the Bias study is to determine the accuracy of a measurement system by comparing it to an accepted standard or
reference value.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 10Incorrect
A business continuity plan is essential for every organization in order to:
maintain customer loyalty during difficult times
Your answer is incorrect
minimize the risks posed by natural disasters
Correct answer
minimize the impact of disruptions to operations
reduce the cost of insurance premiums
Overall explanation
A business continuity plan is an essential component of any organization's resilience strategy. It provides organizations a
framework for anticipating and responding to disruptions due to natural disasters, technological failures, human mistakes, or
other external sources. The goal of a business continuity plan is to ensure that if a disruption does occur, its impact can be
quickly minimized, allowing normal operations to resume as quickly as possible.
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Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 11Correct
A company is conducting a hypothesis test to determine if a new manufacturing process has increased the mean product quality.
The null hypothesis is that the mean product quality is the same as before. What is the consequence of a Type II error in this
case?
Your answer is correct
The company will incorrectly conclude that the new process has not improved product quality.
The company will correctly conclude that the new process has improved product quality.
The company will incorrectly conclude that the new process has improved product quality.
The company will correctly conclude that the new process has not improved product quality.
Overall explanation
A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is actually false. In the case of the company conducting
the hypothesis test, if they fail to reject the null hypothesis that the mean product quality is the same as before when it is
actually higher, then a Type II error has occurred. This means they will incorrectly conclude that the new process has not
improved product quality.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 12Correct
A healthcare organization is performing an analysis to identify its stakeholders and determine their level of influence. Which of
the following would be a useful tool in this process?
Your answer is correct
Power/Interest Grid
Porter's Five Forces Model
Decision tree analysis
SWOT Analysis
Overall explanation
The Stakeholder Power/Interest Grid is a useful tool for identifying stakeholders, analyzing their level of power and interest, and
mapping their relative influence on different decisions or topics. It enables organizations to create an overview of how various
stakeholders can affect any given decision or course of action.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 13Correct
A service organization wants to determine if there is a significant difference in the number of customer complaints by type of
service. They collect data on the type of service for 100 customers and construct the following table. What is the chi-square
statistic for this data?

4.56
15.5
3.96
Your answer is correct
1.56
Overall explanation
The chi-square statistic for this data can be calculated using the formula (O-E)^2/E, where O is the observed frequency and E is
the expected frequency. In this case, the chi-square statistic is (30-25)^2/25 + (40-45)^2/45 + (30-30)^2/30 = 1 + 0.56 + 0 = 1.56
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 14Correct
Which of the following is a common technique used in Kaizen to identify waste and inefficiencies in a process?
Root cause analysis
Pareto analysis
Fishbone diagram
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Your answer is correct
Value stream mapping
Overall explanation
Value stream mapping is a common technique used in Kaizen to identify waste and inefficiencies in a process. It involves
creating a visual representation of the process from start to finish, and identifying where there are delays or redundancies which
can lead to unnecessary costs and time. This technique can be used to identify areas that need improvement and help to create
an action plan for making those improvements.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 15Correct
What is the structure of a Matrix Diagram?
Your answer is correct
A series of boxes or cells arranged in rows and columns.
A graphical representation of data or information.
A flowchart or process map.
A list of potential risks or issues.
Overall explanation
A Matrix Diagram is a tool to visualize relationships between different factors or inputs. It consists of a series of boxes or cells
arranged in rows and columns, each containing information about the relationship between two components. This information
can be used to identify correlations, dependencies, and other patterns that may not be immediately apparent. Matrix diagrams
are helpful in making decisions, identifying risks, and finding solutions to complex problems.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 16Correct
Which of the following quality tools is most closely related to a Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC)?
Pareto chart
Scatter diagram
Control chart
Your answer is correct
Ishikawa diagram
Overall explanation
An Ishikawa diagram (or a Fishbone or Cause and Effect diagram) is a tool used to identify the root causes of a problem. It is
closely related to the Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC), which is used to analyze and plan complex tasks by breaking them
down into smaller sub-tasks or activities. The Pareto chart is used to analyze data and prioritize tasks, the control chart is used to
monitor process performance, and the scatter diagram illustrates the relationship between two or more variables.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 17Incorrect
Which of the following is NOT a commonly used time-series analysis technique?
Moving averages
Your answer is incorrect
Exponential smoothing
Correct answer
Control charts
Linear regression
Overall explanation
Time-series analysis is a type of statistical analysis that uses past data points to identify trends and seasonal or cyclical variation.
Commonly used techniques in time-series analysis autoregressive (AR) models, moving averages, and exponential smoothing.
Control charts are not commonly used in time-series analysis; instead, they are used to detect process variability within the
same population.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 18Correct
What is the purpose of a focus group?
Your answer is correct
To gain insight into customer preferences.
To present research findings in an organized manner
To conduct surveys among large populations
To discuss issues and identify potential solutions
Overall explanation
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Focus groups are a type of qualitative research where a group of people are brought together to discuss specific topics or issues.
The primary purpose of focus groups is to gain insight into customer preferences and opinions on various topics related to the
product or service being studied. Focus groups can provide valuable information that can help companies improve their
products and services, as well as develop more effective marketing strategies.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 19Correct
Which of the following is a key benefit of having well-documented quality procedures and work instructions?
Improved customer satisfaction
Your answer is correct
Greater accuracy and consistency
Increased employee morale
Reduced costs
Overall explanation
Having detailed quality procedures and work instructions in place helps to ensure that products and services meet the required
standards of quality. By having well-documented processes, companies can ensure that all tasks are carried out in the same
manner, each time, leading to greater accuracy and consistency. This, in turn, leads to improved customer satisfaction and
reduced costs.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 20Incorrect
At the forming stage of team development, which leadership style is most appropriate?
Participative
Delegating
Correct answer
Commanding
Your answer is incorrect
Coaching
Overall explanation
At the forming stage of team development, a leadership style that focuses on clear directions, rules, and structure is most
appropriate. This type of leadership is known as commanding and it is important to set expectations and provide guidance in
order for the team to get off to a good start. Allowing too much freedom at this stage can lead to confusion and disorganization
that could hinder the team's progress.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 21Incorrect
Why are IQ, OQ, and PQ so important in medical device manufacturing?
Correct answer
They ensure that the device meets regulatory requirements.
They reduce the cost of manufacturing a device.
They enable manufacturers to make changes to the design quickly.
Your answer is incorrect
They guarantee that the device is safe and effective.
Overall explanation
IQ, OQ and PQ are important in medical device manufacturing because they ensure the device meets all applicable regulatory
requirements. These tests involve verifying that each component of the device performs as intended and that the device works
correctly as a whole. By ensuring that the device meets these regulatory requirements, manufacturers can be certain that their
product is safe and effective for use.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 22Correct
What is the variance of a binomial distribution with n=10 and p=0.3?
Your answer is correct
2.1
3.9
3
2.7
Overall explanation
The variance of a binomial distribution is calculated as np(1-p), so in this case, it would be 10 * 0.3 * (1 - 0.3) = 2.1.
Domain
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6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 23Correct
Which of the following is NOT a correct statement for the Range method of GRR?
This method does not split the GRR into Repeatability and Reproducibility
It provides a quick estimate of GRR.
Your answer is correct
It is used to measure the variation due to parts
Two operators usually measure 5 parts one time each.
Overall explanation
The Range method of GRR is used to measure the combined variation due to repeatability and reproducibility. This method
provides a quick estimate of GRR by having two operators measure 5 parts one time each.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 24Correct
What is the goal of robust design?
Your answer is correct
To make a process insensitive to variation and environmental factors
To increase the efficiency of a process
To reduce the number of steps in a process
To eliminate all sources of variation in a process
Overall explanation
The goal of robust design is to make a process insensitive to variation and environmental factors so that it can still produce
acceptable results even in the presence of variation. This helps ensure that products meet customer needs.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 25Correct
Which of the following is NOT a step in the ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 sampling plan?
Your answer is correct
Calculate the process capability index (Cpk).
Determine the lot size and inspection level.
Select a random sample from the lot.
Count the number of defects in the sample.
Overall explanation
The ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 sampling plan is a statistical process control method used to determine the acceptability of a lot. It consists
of making a decision about whether to accept or reject the lot. The process capability index (Cpk ) is not a step in the ANSI/ASQ
Z1.4 sampling plan.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 26Correct
Which of the following best describes the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model in computing?
Data is stored in a database
A graphical user interface is used for user input
Your answer is correct
Calculations are performed on input data to generate output
Programs are written to process data
Overall explanation
The Input-Process-Output (IPO) model is a basic concept that describes how data enters and leaves an application. In this model,
data is supplied as input to the application, and calculations and other processes are performed on the data to generate output,
which is then used by the user. This model can be visualized in a flowchart or diagram.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 27Correct
What is the purpose of a Material Review Board (MRB)?
Your answer is correct
To identify non-conforming materials and decide on their disposition
To reduce the cost of materials used in manufacturing
To manage inventory levels of raw materials
To track material shipments to customers
Overall explanation

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The purpose of a Material Review Board (MRB) is to identify non-conforming materials and decide on their disposition. This
typically involves evaluating the material or product to determine if it meets the required standards and, if not, deciding
whether it should be reworked, replaced, or discarded. The MRB typically consists of members from different organizational
departments who are responsible for making these decisions.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 28Correct
A technical drawing s a feature with dimensions 20.00 ± 0.05 mm. What is the range of acceptable values for this feature?
Your answer is correct
19.95 mm - 20.05 mm
20.00 mm - 20.05 mm
19.95 mm - 20.10 mm
19.95 mm - 20.00 mm
Overall explanation
The feature specified in the technical drawing has a dimension of 20.00 ± 0.05 mm, meaning that it must be between 19.95 and
20.05 mm in order to meet the necessary specifications. This range is indicated by the check symbol (±), which indicates that the
acceptable range equals the nominal value plus or minus the tolerance stated in the drawing.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 29Correct
The ISO 9001 standard requires organizations to determine the context of the organization. What does this mean?
Organizations must identify their goals and objectives
Organizations must determine the scope of their quality management system
Organizations must identify any legal or regulatory requirements that apply to them.
Your answer is correct
Identifying external and internal issues that may impact the objective
Overall explanation
The ISO 9001 standard requires organizations to determine the organization context, which involves identifying external and
internal issues that may impact the organization's objectives. This s considering any legal or regulatory requirements that apply
to them, as well as any other factors that may influence their ability to achieve their goals. Organizations must also assess any
risks and opportunities associated with these external and internal issues in order to develop a quality management system that
meets their needs.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 30Incorrect
You are conducting a hypothesis test to determine if the variance of a population is different from a certain value. You take a
sample of size 10 and calculate the sample variance to be 9. The null hypothesis states that the population variance is equal to 8.
What is the chi-square statistic?
Correct answer
10.125
8
Your answer is incorrect
11.39
9
Overall explanation
using the formula (n-1)s^2 / sigma^2 , where n is the sample size, s^2 is the sample variance and sigma^2 is the population
variance, we can calculate the chi-square statistic to be (10-1)*9/8 = 10.125.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 31Correct
What is a risk register?
A record of all risks that have occurred during a project
A tool used to identify and assess risks associated with a project
Your answer is correct
A document that outlines all potential risks associated with a project
A document outlining the overall risk management strategy for a project
Overall explanation
A risk register is a document that outlines all potential risks associated with a project. It s information about the identified risks,
their sources, possible impact, and proposed mitigation strategies. The purpose of a risk register is to provide an organized
record of the project’s risks, enabling team members to identify and prioritize them for further action.
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Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 32Incorrect
Which of the following is an example of preventive maintenance?
Your answer is incorrect
Monitoring temperature and vibration to detect potential motor failure
Conducting routine visual inspections of a building's plumbing
Replacing a motor after a set number of operating hours
Correct answer
Inspecting a conveyor belt every month for wear and tear
Overall explanation
Inspecting a conveyor belt every month for wear and tear is an example of preventive maintenance. This type of maintenance
involves inspecting and cleaning equipment on a regular basis to identify potential issues before they result in a breakdown. By
performing these inspections, potential issues can be addressed early on, and the life of the equipment can be extended.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 33Incorrect
Which of the following is an advantage of using multiple-sampling plans?
Correct answer
The sample size is smaller than a single sampling plan.
It provides more precise estimates of the process mean and standard deviation.
It is easier to set the acceptance number.
Your answer is incorrect
It is more efficient in detecting small shifts in the process mean.
Overall explanation
A multiple-sampling plan is a sampling strategy that uses multiple samples from the same lot or process to assess quality. The
advantage of using multiple-sampling plans is that the sample size can be reduced compared to a single-sampling plan while still
achieving the desired level of accuracy. This makes it more cost-effective and efficient.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 34Correct
A researcher is studying the proportion of left-handed people. A survey of 1000 randomly sampled respondents reveals that 200
are left-handed) What is the 95% confidence interval for the proportion of left-handed people?
0.199 to 0.201
0.185 to 0.215
Your answer is correct
0.175 to 0.225
0.195 to 0.205
Overall explanation
The 95% confidence interval for proportions can be calculated using the formula p +/- 1.96 x SQRT(p(1 − p)/n), where p is the
sample proportion, and n is the sample size. In this case, p is 200/1000 0.2 and n is 1000, so the 95% confidence interval for the
proportion of left-handed people is (0.2 +/- 1.96 x SQRT (0 .2(1 − 0.2)/1000)) = (0.2 +/- 0.025) = (0.175 to 0.225).
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 35Correct
What is the difference between chain dimensioning and parallel dimensioning?
Chain dimensioning is used for linear features, while parallel dimensioning is used for circular features.
Chain dimensioning uses one datum reference, while parallel dimensioning uses multiple datum references.
Chain dimensioning and parallel dimensioning are the same things.
Your answer is correct
Chain dimensioning uses multiple datum references, while parallel dimensioning uses one datum reference.
Overall explanation
Chain dimensioning requires multiple datum references, meaning that all measurements must be taken relative to previously
established points. Parallel dimensioning, on the other hand, is a type of dimensioning in which all measurements are taken
from one single datum reference. This means that all measurements must be taken from the same point.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 36Correct
Which of the following is an example of predictive maintenance?
Conducting routine visual inspections of a building's plumbing
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Replacing a motor after a set number of operating hours
Inspecting a conveyor belt every month for wear and tear
Your answer is correct
Monitoring temperature and vibration to detect potential motor failure
Overall explanation
Monitoring temperature and vibration to detect potential motor failure is an example of predictive maintenance. This type of
maintenance involves using tools such as vibration and temperature sensors to monitor the condition of the equipment. By
monitoring the condition of the equipment, potential issues can be identified and addressed before they result in a breakdown.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 37Incorrect
Which of the following types of nondestructive tests is best suited for detecting hidden flaws in welds or metal components?
Correct answer
Radiographic testing
Hardness test
Your answer is incorrect
Magnetic particle testing
Liquid penetrant testing
Overall explanation
Radiographic testing is a type of nondestructive test (NDT) that uses X-rays or gamma rays to detect hidden flaws in welds or
metal components. This testing method can be used to identify cracks, porosity, voids, and other internal defects that may not
be visible to the naked eye. Liquid penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing are also commonly used to detect surface and
subsurface flaws in welds or metal components.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 38Correct
A company wants to determine if there is a significant difference in the average number of defects in products produced on
three different machines. They perform an ANOVA and construct the following ANOVA table. What is the missing value for the
total degrees of freedom in the ANOVA table?

2
24
25
Your answer is correct
22
Overall explanation
Since there are 3 machines, the degrees of freedom between groups (df Between) is 2. The degrees of freedom within groups (df
Within) is given as 20. So the total degrees of freedom (df Total) df Between + df Within = 2 + 20 = 22.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 39Incorrect
A company uses an acceptance sampling plan to monitor the quality of a product with a lot size of 10,000 units. The company
has set an AQL of 1% and uses normal inspection. If one lot out of five consecutive lots is rejected, what inspection procedure
should be used for the next lot?
Correct answer
Normal inspection
Your answer is incorrect
Tightened inspection
Terminate the supplier
Reduced inspection
Overall explanation

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According to ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 standard, when two lots out of five consecutive lots are rejected, the subsequent lot should be
sampled using tightened inspection. However, in this example, only one lot out of five has been rejected. Therefore, the
company should continue to use normal inspection for the next lot.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 40Correct
What is the primary purpose of using robust design techniques such as FMEA and DFSS in the design process?
Your answer is correct
To identify potential failure modes and improve product reliability
To streamline the design process and save time
To reduce the cost of development
To ensure compliance with regulatory requirements
Overall explanation
Robust design techniques such as FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) and DFSS (Design for Six Sigma) are used to identify
potential failure modes, analyze the effects of those failure modes, and develop strategies to reduce their occurrence or
mitigate their impact. This helps to improve product reliability and performance.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 41Correct
A restaurant is trying to understand the distribution of wait times for customers. The restaurant has collected data on the wait
times of 100 customers and created a Histogram to visualize the distribution. How would you classify this Histogram?

Your answer is correct

Right Skewed
Symmetric
Uniformly Distributed
Left Skewed
Overall explanation
A right-skewed histogram is one in which most of the data points are concentrated on the left side of the graph, with a long tail
extending to the right. In this case, most customers have relatively short wait times, with a few outliers having longer wait times.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 42Correct

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A healthcare organization is interested in comparing the average waiting time for patients at their four clinics. They perform an
ANOVA and want to calculate the total degrees of freedom. They have a total of 20 observations and are comparing 4 groups.
How many total degrees of freedom will they have?
3
18
Your answer is correct
19
16
Overall explanation
The total degrees of freedom (df) in an ANOVA can be calculated by the formula df = (k-1) + (n-k) where k is the number of
groups (in this case, 4) and n is the total number of observations (in this case, 20). So, the total degrees of freedom, in this case,
would be (4-1) + (20-4) = 3 + 16 = 19. In this, 3 is the degree of freedom between groups, and 16 is the degree of freedom within
groups.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 43Correct
What is the primary goal of risk mitigation in healthcare?
To ignore risks and prioritize speed and efficiency in patient care
Your answer is correct
To reduce the likelihood and impact of risks on patient outcomes
To eliminate all risks from the healthcare environment
To transfer all risks to third-party insurance providers
Overall explanation
Risk mitigation is a risk treatment strategy that involves reducing the likelihood or impact of the risk. In the healthcare sector,
the primary goal of risk mitigation is to reduce the likelihood and impact of risks on patient outcomes by proactively identifying
risks, evaluating them for severity and likelihood, and taking action to address them. This can be done in a variety of ways, such
as by implementing safety protocols, providing safety training to staff, and conducting regular risk assessments.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 44Incorrect
Which type of fit is used when a space must exist between mating parts for movement or assembly?
Transition fit
Tolerance fit
Correct answer
Clearance fit
Your answer is incorrect
Interference fit
Overall explanation
A clearance fit is a type of fit used when there must be intentional space between two mating parts. This type of fit is often used
in applications where movement or assembly of the two parts is necessary.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 45Incorrect
Which of the following is a benefit of having a quality information system (QIS)?
Your answer is incorrect
Increased data accuracy
Improved customer service
Correct answer
Easy access to data
Increased flexibility
Overall explanation
A Quality Information System (QIS) is a software package that provides easy access to real-time quality, production and process
information. This allows users to view all relevant data quickly and effectively, thereby improving their decision-making
capabilities. Some of the main benefits of QIS easy access to data, improved customer service and increased flexibility in terms
of establishing meaningful metrics for measurement purposes.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 46Correct
Which of the following is true about MMC?
It is a condition where a feature has the least amount of material within the design tolerance limits
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It is used to specify the smallest amount of material that can be used in a feature
It is used to specify the maximum size limit of a feature
Your answer is correct
It is a condition where a feature has the most amount of material within the design tolerance limits
Overall explanation
MMC stands for Maximum Material Condition. It is a condition where a feature has the most amount of material within the
design tolerance limits.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 47Correct
Which of the following best describes the role of the accountable in a RACI matrix?
Your answer is correct
Holds ultimate responsibility for decisions and actions
Informed of any changes to the project
Responsible for the completion of tasks
Responsible for supervising task completion
Overall explanation
In a RACI matrix, the accountable has ultimate responsibility for decisions and actions. They are responsible for ensuring that
tasks are completed in an effective manner according to all relevant guidelines. The other roles have their own responsibilities,
but ultimately, it is the accountable that holds ultimate responsibility for decisions and actions.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 48Correct
Which of the following is an example of internal benchmarking?
Your answer is correct
Comparing customer satisfaction among different divisions within a company
Comparing stock prices of similar companies in the same industry
Comparing customer service times across different countries
Comparing operational costs between two competing companies
Overall explanation
Internal benchmarking involves comparing performance metrics, such as throughput, efficiency, quality, and cost, within an
organization. Examples comparing customer satisfaction among different divisions within a company or comparing operational
costs among departments. External benchmarking, however, involves comparing performance metrics with those of similar
organizations outside the organization. Examples comparing stock prices of similar companies in the same industry or comparing
customer service times across different countries.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 49Correct
What is the purpose of stakeholder identification in a risk management plan?
To prioritize risks based on their likelihood and impact
Your answer is correct
To identify who may be affected by risk and their level of influence
To identify potential risks that could impact a project
To determine which risks to accept or mitigate
Overall explanation
Stakeholder identification in a risk management plan is used to identify people or organizations who may be impacted by the
risks associated with a project. It allows the organization to determine who has a stake in the outcome of the project and how
much influence they have over it. This information can then be used to prioritize risks and make decisions about which risks to
accept or mitigate.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 50Correct
What is the purpose of identifying Critical Control Points (CCPs)?
To ensure compliance with regulations
To identify areas of improvement in the process
To reduce waste in the process
Your answer is correct
To prevent hazards that could cause harm to customers and the business
Overall explanation

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Critical Control Points (CCPs) are points in the process where hazards can be identified and controlled. Identifying CCPs allows
risks to be minimized and prevents potential harm to customers and the business. CCPs should be monitored regularly so that
any potential issues can be quickly addressed. This helps to ensure product quality and customer satisfaction.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 51Correct
Who is responsible for ensuring that the audit is conducted in accordance with the audit plan and procedures?
Your answer is correct
Audit team leader
Client
Audit team members
Auditee
Overall explanation
The audit team leader is responsible for ensuring that the audit is conducted in accordance with the audit plan and procedures.
The audit team members are responsible for carrying out the activities specified in the audit plan, the client is responsible for
providing the resources needed during the audit, and the auditee is responsible for providing access to the necessary documents
and information for the audit.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 52Correct
Which type of quality cost would compensating a customer for a faulty product or service they received?
Prevention
Appraisal
Your answer is correct
External Failure
Internal Failure
Overall explanation
External failure costs are those associated with defects that have been detected after the product or service has been delivered
to the customer. This s activities such as compensating a customer for a faulty product or service they received) Other examples
of external failure costs are warranty costs, recall costs, and litigation costs.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 53Correct
What is the main difference between corrective action and preventive action?
Your answer is correct
Corrective action is taken to eliminate the cause of a nonconformity, while preventive action is taken to prevent a potential
nonconformity from occurring
Corrective action is taken before a nonconformity occurs, while preventive action is taken after a nonconformity occurs
Corrective action is taken to improve a process or system, while preventive action is taken to correct a nonconformity that
has already occurred
Corrective action and preventive action are the same thing
Overall explanation
The main difference between corrective action and preventive action is that corrective action is taken to eliminate the cause of a
nonconformity, while preventive action is taken to prevent a "potential" nonconformity from occurring in the future.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 54Correct
A healthcare facility identifies a risk of medication errors due to poor handwriting. Which of the following is an example of a risk
treatment strategy that can be implemented to mitigate this risk?
Providing additional training to nurses on interpreting handwriting
Hiring more doctors to reduce the workload on each physician
Increasing the number of pharmacists to double-check all medication orders
Your answer is correct
Implementing a computerized physician order entry system
Overall explanation
Risk mitigation is a risk treatment strategy that involves reducing the likelihood or impact of the risk. In this case, implementing
a computerized physician order entry system would help to reduce the risk of medication errors due to poor handwriting by
providing an automated system for entering medication orders.
Domain
7 Risk Management
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Question 55Correct
Two identical components are connected in parallel. If the individual component reliability is 0.95, what is the system reliability?
Your answer is correct
0.9975
0.05
0.95
0.9025
Overall explanation
The overall reliability of the system can be calculated as 1 - (1 - R1)(1 - R2) = 1 - (1 - 0.95)^2 = 0.9975.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 56Correct
Which type of maintenance focuses on catching potential issues before they result in a breakdown?
Reactive maintenance
Diagnostic maintenance
Preventive maintenance
Your answer is correct
Predictive maintenance
Overall explanation
Predictive maintenance is a type of maintenance that focuses on catching potential issues before they result in a breakdown.
This type of maintenance involves using tools such as vibration and temperature sensors to monitor the condition of the
equipment. By monitoring the condition of the equipment, potential issues can be identified and addressed before they result in
a breakdown.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 57Incorrect
According to AIAG guidelines, which of the following P/T values is considered to be unacceptable?
Correct answer
Over 0.30
0.10 - 0.30
Your answer is incorrect
Any P/T value is acceptable as long as the measurement system is stable
Under 0.10
Overall explanation
According to AIAG guidelines, a precision-to-tolerance (P/T) ratio of over 0.30 is considered to be unacceptable. This means that
the measurement system is not precise enough to measure the characteristic within its specified tolerance range accurately.
Values under 0.10 are acceptable. The values between 0.10 and 0.30 are also acceptable under certain conditions. But values
higher than 0 .30 indicate that the measurement system is not precise enough and that further analysis and improvement are
needed.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 58Correct
What is the purpose of version control in a quality management system?
Your answer is correct
To keep track of changes made to a document over time.
To comply with legal and regulatory requirements.
To ensure that only the most recent version of a document is being used.
To prevent unauthorized access to sensitive documents.
Overall explanation
Version control helps to ensure that all changes made to a document over time are tracked and documented. This allows
companies to keep track of the most recent version of a document, as well as any modifications that have been made.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 59Correct
What is the purpose of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award?
Your answer is correct
To provide a framework for organizations to improve their quality management systems
To provide a ranking of organizations based on their quality performance
To certify organizations as having a superior quality management system
To recognize organizations for meeting a minimum standard of quality
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Overall explanation
The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award was established by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in
1987 to recognize and promote excellence in quality management. The award is given to organizations that demonstrate
success in seven criteria categories - Leadership; Strategy; Customers; Measurement, Analysis, and Knowledge Management;
Workforce; Operations; and Results. The award provides a framework for organizations to improve their quality management
systems.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 60Correct
Which of the following statements best defines a Vision?
Plans for how to reach pre-established goals
Your answer is correct
An organization's purpose and primary objectives
A detailed plan of how to achieve desired results
Individual steps that must be taken in order to accomplish key objectives
Overall explanation
Visions are an organization's long-term goals, which reflect its overall purpose. Visions should represent an ideal state that the
organization wants to strive towards over a period of time. They help guide decision-making by providing an overarching
direction for the organization to move in.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 61Correct
What is Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)?
A measure of a production line's efficiency in producing products.
A measure of a company's profitability and revenue.
A measure of a product's reliability and durability.
Your answer is correct
A measure of a machine's availability, performance, and quality.
Overall explanation
Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) measures a machine's availability, performance, and quality. OEE measures how well a
machine is used, taking into account downtime, speed and quality losses. Calculating OEE can help identify areas where
production can be improved, allowing for more efficient use of resources and higher profits.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 62Correct
What is the formula for Cp in a process capability study?
Your answer is correct
Cp = (USL - LSL) / (6 * sigma within)
Cp = (USL - LSL) / (3 * sigma overall)
Cp = (USL - LSL) / (3 * sigma within)
Cp = (USL - LSL) / (6 * sigma overall)
Overall explanation
Cp is calculated by dividing the difference between the Upper Specification Limit (USL) and the Lower Specification Limit (LSL) by
6 times the sigma within value. This metric measures how closely a process can meet customer requirements.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 63Correct
Which Gage R&R design is appropriate to use when the test destroys the part?
Your answer is correct
Nested design
An hybrid approach is used for destructive tests
Both designs can be used when the test destroys the part
Crossed design
Overall explanation
The Nested design is the appropriate Gage R&R design to use when the test destroys the part. In this approach, only one
operator measures a piece since that piece is destroyed after the measurement.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 64Correct
Which of the following is a benefit of using robust design?
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It increases the complexity of the design process
Your answer is correct
It ensures that products meet customer needs even in the presence of variation
It reduces the need for inspection and testing
It ensures that all products are exactly the same
Overall explanation
Robust design is a quality management technique focusing on designing products and processes to tolerate variation. This
means that the products will meet customer needs even with variations in material, environment, or other factors.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 65Correct
Which of the following is a key benefit of using the Kanban system for inventory management?
It eliminates the need for quality control or inspection processes.
It helps to ensure that every item is tracked and accounted for.
Your answer is correct
It reduces the risk of overproduction and excess inventory.
It allows for large batch sizes to be processed efficiently.
Overall explanation
The Kanban system helps to reduce the risk of overproduction and excess inventory by only producing what is needed at any
given time. This ensures that resources are used efficiently and that customers receive the products they ordered in a timely
manner. Additionally, it allows for better control over inventory levels, which decreases costs associated with storage and
reduces the need for costly rework or scrap.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 66Correct
You are working in a manufacturing company and want to determine the z-score of a product's weight. The product weighs 9.5
grams, and the mean weight for the population is 10 grams with a standard deviation of 0.5 grams. What is the z-score for this
product's weight?
2
1
0
Your answer is correct
-1
Overall explanation
The z-score measures how many standard deviations a value is away from the mean. In this case, the z-score for the product's
weight can be calculated as (9.5 - 10) / 0.5 = -1.00. This means the product's weight is 1 standard deviation below the population
mean.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 67Correct
What type of test is typically used to analyze the data in a contingency table?
T-test
Your answer is correct
Chi-Square test
ANOVA
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
Overall explanation
The chi-square test is a statistical procedure for analyzing categorical data that are arranged in contingency tables. It is used to
determine whether there is an association between two or more variables. This test can be used to determine if distributions of
observed frequencies differ from expected frequencies.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 68Correct
What is the difference between internal and external setup activities in SMED?
Your answer is correct
Internal activities occur after the equipment is stopped, while external activities occur before the equipment is stopped.
Internal activities are those that can be done by one person, while external activities require a team of people.
Internal activities are those that require specialized tools, while external activities can be done with basic tools.
Internal activities occur while the equipment is running, while external activities occur while the equipment is stopped.
Overall explanation
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Single-Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) is a lean manufacturing technique that helps to reduce the time it takes to set up a
production line for a new product. It involves separating setup activities into two categories
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 69Correct
Which of the following best describes kanban?
A visual control system that uses coloured tags to indicate product status
Your answer is correct
A scheduling system that signals the need for materials or parts
A method for reducing setup times in manufacturing
A technique for identifying and eliminating waste
Overall explanation
Kanban is a scheduling system that signals the need for materials or parts. It is a visual control system used in manufacturing and
other industries to ensure that the right amount of materials is available when needed.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 70Incorrect
A store has an average rate of 3 customers arriving per hour. What is the probability that there will be no customers in a given
hour?
Your answer is incorrect
0.135
0.5
Correct answer
0.0498
0.223
Overall explanation
The probability of there being no customers in a given hour in a Poisson process with a rate of 3 customers per hour is given by
the formula P(X=0) = (e^(-3) * 3^0) / 0!= 0.0498.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 71Correct
A manufacturing company is trying to optimize the efficiency of its production line. They decide to use a full factorial design to
study the effect of four factors: temperature, humidity, pressure, and flow rate at two levels each. How many runs will be
required for this experiment?
64
8
32
Your answer is correct
16
Overall explanation
A full factorial design is an experimental design that allows the organization to test all possible combinations of the factors. In
this case, there are four factors at two levels each, so 2^4 = 16 runs will be required for this experiment.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 72Correct
What is the difference between a residual risk and an inherent risk?
There is no difference; the terms can be used interchangeably
A residual risk is the likelihood that harm will occur, while an inherent risk is the potential source of harm
Your answer is correct
A residual risk is the risk that remains after taking control measures, while an inherent risk is a risk that exists before any
control measures are taken
A residual risk is the risk that exists before any control measures are taken, while an inherent risk is a risk that remains after
taking control measures
Overall explanation
Inherent risk is the level of risk present prior to any safety controls being taken or implemented. Residual risk is the level of risk
that remains after safety controls have been taken or implemented.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 73Correct
Which of the following best describes Juran Trilogy?
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A set of tools and techniques used in Six Sigma projects
Your answer is correct
A three-phase approach to quality problem identification and solution
A methodology for solving difficult business problems
An organizational framework for product development
Overall explanation
The Juran Trilogy, also known as Quality Trilogy, is an approach to quality management developed by Dr. Joseph M. Juran in the
1950s. It involves three steps: quality planning, quality control and quality improvement. Quality Planning involves setting goals
which are measurable and achievable. Quality Control is the process of ensuring that these goals are met, while Quality
Improvement focuses on finding ways to improve the quality of products and services and implementing those improvements.
The overall theme of the Juran Trilogy is, therefore, continuous improvement.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 74Correct
If a machine has an availability of 90%, a performance rate of 80%, and a quality rate of 95%, what is the OEE for the machine?
95%
86.40%
Your answer is correct
68.40%
76%
Overall explanation
Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) measures a machine's availability, performance, and quality. OEE is calculated by
multiplying the availability rate, performance rate, and quality rate together. For example, if a machine has an availability of 90%,
a performance rate of 80%, and a quality rate of 95%, then the OEE for the machine would be 68.4% ( 0.9 x 0.8 x 0.95 = 0.684).
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 75Incorrect
What is the purpose of a reference sphere or calibration artifact used with a CMM?
Correct answer
To ensure that the CMM is properly calibrated and functioning.
To compensate for the effects of temperature and humidity on the measurements.
To increase the speed and efficiency of the measurements.
Your answer is incorrect
To provide a fixed reference point for the measurements.
Overall explanation
A reference sphere or calibration artifact is used with a CMM to ensure it is properly calibrated and functioning correctly. It
consists of a known, precisely machined sphere which is mounted on the CMM's probe arm and measured multiple times in
order to verify that the machine is operating correctly and providing accurate results. Without regular calibration, CMMs can
produce inaccurate measurements, leading to costly mistakes.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 76Correct
A survey of 10 people asked how many cups of coffee they drink daily. The mean number of cups is 2.5, with a standard
deviation of 0.8. What is the 95% confidence interval for the population mean number of cups? Given t(0.025, 9) = 2.262
2.18 to 2.82
1.67 to 3.33
Your answer is correct
1.93 to 3.07
2.0 to 3.0
Overall explanation
The 95% confidence interval for this data can be calculated using the formula ( mean - t(alpha/2)* standard error, mean +
t(alpha/2)* standard error). In this case, t(alpha/2) for 9 degrees of freedom is 2.262, so the 95% confidence interval is (2.5 -
2.262 * 0.8/sqrt(10), 2.5 + 2.262*0.8/sqrt(10)) = (1.93 to 3.07)
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 77Incorrect
Suppose a manufacturer is testing 1000 light bulbs and records the following information. 200 bulbs failed after 100 hours of
operation, 400 bulbs failed after 200 hours of operation, and 400 bulbs failed after 300 hours of operation. Calculate the failure
rate.
Your answer is incorrect
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0.2 failures/hour
0.0002 failures/hour
0.02 failures/hour
Correct answer
0.0045 failures/hour
Overall explanation
The failure rate is calculated by dividing the total number of failures (1000 bulbs) by the total operating time (200*100 +
400*200 + 400 *300 = 220,000 hours). Hence, the failure rate is 1000/220,000 = 0.0045 failures/hour.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 78Correct
What is the purpose of ISO 19011:2018?
To provide guidelines for quality management systems
To provide guidelines for environmental management systems
To provide guidelines for risk management
Your answer is correct
To provide guidelines for auditing management systems
Overall explanation
ISO 19011:2018 is an international standard that provides guidelines for auditing management systems, such as quality
management and environmental management systems. It outlines the principles of auditing, managing an audit program,
conducting an audit and evaluating of evidence. The standard can be used to ensure that organizations are adhering to their
own internal policies and procedures, as well as meeting any external requirements.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 79Correct
Which of the following is an example of an internal failure cost?
Lost sales due to poor quality products
Your answer is correct
Rework and scrap costs
Warranty claims and returns
Product design and testing costs
Overall explanation
Internal failure costs are those associated with defects that have been detected before the product or service has been
delivered to the customer. Examples of internal failure costs rework and scrap costs, repair costs, and inspection costs.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 80Correct
What is the final stage of a quality audit?
Reporting audit findings
Developing the audit plan
Your answer is correct
Following up on corrective actions
Conducting the opening and closing meetings
Overall explanation
Following up on corrective actions is the final stage of a quality audit. This stage involves verifying that the action taken to
address nonconformities identified in the audit was effective and verifying that necessary changes were implemented.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 81Correct
In which of these cases a Gantt chart could be used in the aviation industry?
Your answer is correct
Scheduling aircraft maintenance.
Estimating the cost of a project.
Evaluating safety protocols.
Tracking flight delays.
Overall explanation
A Gantt chart is a visual tool used to plan, organize, and track tasks in a project timeline, typically used to schedule activities
related to project management and production scheduling in the aviation industry. It depicts the start and finish dates of each
task along with its duration, allowing one to easily visualize and manage resources while ensuring that deliverables meet set

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deadlines. As such, it could be used for tracking and scheduling aircraft maintenance projects and monitoring progress toward
the desired completion date.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 82Correct
A newly appointed Quality Engineer calculates that a process has the capability index Cpk = 1.9 and Cp = 1.6. What would you
conclude?
The process is highly capable but not exactly centred
The process is incapable of meeting customer requirements
Your answer is correct
Quality Engineer needs more training
The process is highly capable and centred
Overall explanation
The value of Cpk can NOT be greater than Cp. This means that the values given in the question are impossible, and he/she needs
more training to understand how to calculate Cpk and Cp correctly.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 83Correct
Which of the following is an example of overprocessing waste in a manufacturing environment?
Your answer is correct
Using a high-end material when a lower-quality material would suffice.
Implementing a new process that is more complex than what is necessary.
Using a process that requires additional training or expertise.
Storing finished products in a warehouse for longer than necessary.
Overall explanation
Overprocessing waste in a manufacturing environment is any action or process that adds unnecessary cost, complexity, or time
to the production of a product. An example of this would be using a high-end material when a lower-quality material would
suffice, as this can increase costs without providing any additional benefit.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 84Correct
Which of the following is a key concept in the Do stage of PDCA?
Identifying and addressing root causes of defects or errors.
Your answer is correct
Developing and implementing solutions to the identified problem.
Monitoring and measuring the results of the improvement process.
Analyzing data and information to identify trends and patterns.
Overall explanation
The Do stage of PDCA focuses on developing and implementing solutions to the identified problem. This involves putting the
plan into action, training employees in new processes or procedures, and acquiring any necessary resources. It is important to
ensure that all employees are properly trained and have the tools they need to complete their tasks successfully. During this
stage, it is also essential to monitor and measure the results of the improvement process.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 85Correct
A financial services company has identified a credit default risk by their clients. Which of the following risk treatment strategies
is most appropriate for this risk?
Accept
Share
Your answer is correct
Transfer
Avoid
Overall explanation
Risk transfer is a risk treatment strategy that involves transferring the risk to another party. In this case, the financial services
company could transfer the credit default risk to another financial institution or take out insurance against the potential for
clients to default on their payments.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 86Correct
Which of the following is a risk treatment strategy that involves reducing the likelihood or impact of the risk?
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Risk avoidance
Risk transfer
Risk acceptance
Your answer is correct
Risk mitigation
Overall explanation
Risk mitigation is a risk treatment strategy that involves reducing the likelihood or impact of the risk. It typically involves
developing and implementing controls, such as policies and procedures, to reduce the risk.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 87Correct
The drawing scale of 1:10 means that
The drawing is 10 times longer than the actual object
The drawing is 10 times larger than the actual object
There are 10 drawings for a single object
Your answer is correct
The drawing is 10 times smaller than the actual object
Overall explanation
The scale of 1: 10 means the drawing is 10 times smaller than the actual object. This means every inch on the drawing
represents ten inches of the actual object.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 88Incorrect
Which of the following is the critical path in an Activity Network Diagram?
Your answer is incorrect
The shortest path through the network.
The path with the highest risk or potential for failure.
Correct answer
The longest path through the network.
The path with the most activities or events.
Overall explanation
An Activity Network Diagram is a tool used to plan, schedule and control activities in a project. It consists of nodes (activities or
events) connected by arrows (dependencies). The critical path is the longest path through the network, which represents the
minimum amount of time needed to complete the project. The length of the critical path determines the overall duration of the
project.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 89Correct
Who is responsible for ensuring corrective actions are taken in response to audit findings?
The audit team leader
The client
The certification body
Your answer is correct
The auditee
Overall explanation
The auditee is responsible for ensuring corrective actions are taken in response to audit findings. The audit team leader is
responsible for planning and conducting the audit, and the client is responsible for providing the resources needed during the
audit.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 90Correct
Control charts are used in quality management to maintain a process in a state of control. What is the primary goal of using
control charts?
To predict future values
To compare average values from different periods
Your answer is correct
To detect special causes of variation
To estimate the probability of achieving certain goals
Overall explanation

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Control charts are used to monitor and analyze variations in a process. They help to identify any issues that may be causing
problems with the process, such as mistakes and errors. The primary goal of using control charts is to detect special causes of
variation (such as shifts or trends), so that corrective action can be taken.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 91Correct
Which of the following control charts is used to monitor continuous data or measurements?
Your answer is correct
X-bar and R chart
p chart
np chart
c chart
Overall explanation
The X-bar and R chart is used to monitor continuous data or measurements. This type of control chart plots the mean and range
of a subgroup over time, allowing for the detection of changes in the process mean or within subgroup variation.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 92Correct
In a 1st angle projection, where is the top view shown?
Top Right
Above
Right
Your answer is correct
Below
Overall explanation
In a 1st angle projection, the top view of an object is shown below the front view.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 93Correct
A service organization wants to determine if there is a significant relationship between the type of service a customer received
and whether they left a tip. They collect data on 100 customers and construct the following contingency table. What is the
degrees of freedom for this contingency table?

Your answer is correct

2
3
4
1
Overall explanation
The degrees of freedom for a contingency table are calculated by taking the number of rows minus one times the number of
columns minus one. In this case, there are three rows and two columns, so (3-1) * (2-1) = 2. Therefore, the degrees of freedom
for this contingency table is 2.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 94Correct
Which of the following is an example of an internal operational risk?
A terrorist attack
A natural disaster
Your answer is correct
A system failure
An interest rate change
Overall explanation
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An example of an internal operational risk is a system failure. This could be caused by various factors, such as hardware or
software malfunction, inadequate security measures, or human error.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 95Correct
Which conflict resolution strategy involves finding a middle ground to reach a solution?
Compete
Accommodate
Your answer is correct
Compromise
Avoid
Overall explanation
Compromise is a conflict resolution strategy in which both parties give up something to reach a solution. This approach involves
finding a middle ground that satisfies the needs of both sides while also acknowledging each other's concerns. It can be
beneficial in helping to resolve disputes without either party feeling like they have made too many concessions.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 96Correct
A medical team is looking to reduce the rate of hospital readmissions among patients. Which method can be used to prioritize
improvement actions?
Brainstorming
Root cause analysis
Cause and effect diagram
Your answer is correct
Pareto chart
Overall explanation
A Pareto chart is a graphical tool used to identify the most common or significant factors that are causing an issue or problem. In
this case, the medical team is looking to reduce the hospital readmission rate, so they can use a Pareto chart to prioritize
improvement actions by sorting the root causes from most important to least important.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 97Incorrect
Which statistical test should be used to determine if there is a correlation between two categorical variables, such as gender and
type of phone ownership?
Correct answer
chi-squared test
t-test
Your answer is incorrect
Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
F test
Overall explanation
The chi-squared test analyzes the relationship between two categorical variables (also known as a contingency table). This type
of analysis can indicate whether or not there is a significant correlation between the variables. In this case, the researcher wants
to know if there is a correlation between gender and type of phone ownership so a chi-squared test would be appropriate.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 98Correct
What is the primary purpose of an Interrelationship Digraph?
To develop and implement a new process or product.
To identify and prioritize potential risks or issues in a process.
Your answer is correct
To identify and analyze the complex relationships between different factors or inputs.
To monitor and control a process over time.
Overall explanation
An Interrelationship Digraph is a tool used to identify and analyze the complex relationships between different factors or inputs.
It consists of a series of nodes connected by arrows, which can be used to illustrate cause-and-effect relationships,
dependencies, risks, or potential solutions.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 99Correct
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What is the mean and variance of a Poisson distribution with a rate parameter of 2?
Your answer is correct
Mean: 2, Variance: 2
Mean: 2, Variance: 4
Mean: 4, Variance: 4
Mean: 4, Variance: 2
Overall explanation
The mean and variance of a Poisson distribution are equal to the rate parameter (lambda). In this example, the rate parameter is
2, so the mean and variance are equal to 2.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 100Correct
What is the main reason for failures during the infant mortality period in the bathtub curve?
Normal wear and tear
Environmental factors
Poor maintenance
Your answer is correct
Manufacturing defects
Overall explanation
During the infant mortality period, failures are caused by manufacturing defects or design flaws. After this period, the system
enters a useful life period, during which the failure rate is relatively low and constant. Finally, the wear-out period follows,
during which the failure rate increases due to aging and wear and tear of the system.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 101Correct
What is the primary purpose of using a risk matrix in risk assessment?
Your answer is correct
To categorize risks based on their probability and impact
To develop a risk management plan and response strategies
To identify potential hazards and their likelihood of occurrence
To evaluate the effectiveness of risk controls and mitigation measures
Overall explanation
The primary purpose of using a risk matrix in risk assessment is to categorize risks based on their probability and impact. The
matrix typically consists of four categories, ranging from low to high, which represent the likelihood and severity of a risk. This
information can then be used to prioritize risks and develop appropriate mitigation strategies.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 102Incorrect
Which of the following is the most common tool for testing controls in a risk management system?
Your answer is incorrect
Risk matrix
Control plan
Gap analysis
Correct answer
Internal audit
Overall explanation
Internal auditing is a common tool for testing controls in a risk management system. It involves performing an objective review
and analysis of the organization’s processes, procedures, and systems to assess whether they are operating as intended.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 103Correct
One of Nelson's rules in control charts is "fifteen points in a row are all within 1 standard deviation of the mean on either side of
the mean." What is the probability of such an event occurring due to chance alone?
Your answer is correct
0.31%
0.79%
0.01%
0.02%
Overall explanation

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The probability of a point falling in plus and minus one standard deviation is roughly 68%. This means that the probability of 15
consecutive points falling in plus and minus one standard deviation is (0.68)^15 = 0.00307 = 0.307%. This means that the
probability of such an event occurring due to chance alone is very low, and it is likely that there is a special cause variation
present.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 104Correct
What is an example of a risk transfer strategy?
Your answer is correct
Outsourcing a portion of a project to a third-party vendor
Using automated tools to reduce manual errors
Conducting background checks on potential employees to prevent theft
Providing safety training to employees to reduce workplace accidents
Overall explanation
Risk transfer is a risk treatment strategy that involves transferring the risk to another party, such as outsourcing a portion of a
project to a third-party vendor.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 105Correct
A company produces products in batches of 1000. The probability that a batch will have at least 1 defective product is 95%.
What is the probability that a batch will have no defective products?
95%
100.00%
Your answer is correct
5%
10%
Overall explanation
The probability of getting no defective products on a batch of 1000 is (1 - 0.95) = 0.05, or 5%.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 106Correct
Which of the following is NOT an example of a compliance audit?
An audit of a company's adherence to workplace safety regulations
Your answer is correct
An audit of a company's customer satisfaction survey results
An audit of a supplier's environmental policies and procedures
An audit of a company's adherence to data privacy regulations
Overall explanation
Compliance audits are used to verify that an organization is in compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and standards.
Examples of compliance audits auditing a company's adherence to workplace safety regulations, environmental policies and
procedures, and data privacy regulations. An audit of a company's customer satisfaction survey results is not an example of a
compliance audit.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 107Incorrect
Which of the following is an example of a risk monitoring technique that can be used to identify emerging risks?
Root cause analysis
Quality control
Correct answer
Complaint tracking
Your answer is incorrect
Risk assessment
Overall explanation
Risk monitoring is a process used to identify and assess emerging risks. Complaint tracking is a risk monitoring technique that
involves collecting, analyzing, and responding to customer complaints in order to identify potential risks that may arise from
products or services. By monitoring customer complaints, organizations can proactively address any issues before they become
larger problems.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 108Correct
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A production line has 420 minutes of total production time available for an 8-hour shift. If the customer demand is 210 units for
the shift, what is the Takt time?
0.4 minutes per unit.
0.2 minutes per unit.
2.29 minutes per unit.
Your answer is correct
2 minutes per unit.
Overall explanation
To calculate the Takt time in this scenario, you would divide the total production time available (420 minutes) by the number of
units to be produced (210). This results in a Takt time of 2 minutes per unit. This means that each unit must be completed within
2 minutes in order to meet customer demand for the shift.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 109Incorrect
Which of the following is NOT one of the core principles of Total Quality Management?
Customer focus
Employee involvement
Correct answer
Inspection and testing
Your answer is incorrect
Continuous improvement
Overall explanation
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a comprehensive system of management that is focused on achieving excellence and
customer satisfaction. It involves establishing processes, procedures, and standards that ensure quality throughout the
organization. TQM emphasizes customer focus, continuous improvement, and employee involvement in order to achieve higher
levels of quality and productivity. The core principles of TQM do not inspection and testing.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 110Correct
When calculating Ppk, which sigma value is used?
Neither sigma within nor sigma overall
Your answer is correct
Sigma overall
Sigma within
Both sigma within and sigma overall
Overall explanation
Ppk is calculated using the sigma overall value. This is also called long-term sigma and is used to measure the variability of a
process over a longer period of time.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 111Correct
MTTF is generally used for:
Systems with a long mean time between failure
Repairable systems
Systems with a short mean time between failure
Your answer is correct
Non-repairable systems
Overall explanation
Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) is generally used for non-repairable systems. This index measures the expected average life of a
system before it fails. It is typically used for items such as light bulbs, which cannot be repaired once they fail.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 112Correct
What is the Delphi technique?
A software development methodology
A risk assessment technique
A statistical analysis tool
Your answer is correct
A method for achieving a consensus among a group of experts
Overall explanation
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The Delphi technique is a group decision-making process which is used to achieve a consensus among a group of experts. It
involves posing questions to the experts, collecting their responses, and then using the results to reach an agreement. This
method can be used for risk assessment to identify potential risks and prioritize them based on their likelihood and impact.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 113Correct
What is the probability that a system with an MTBF of 500 hours will operate without failure for at least 750 hours?
0.368
0.895
0.105
Your answer is correct
0.223
Overall explanation
Probability of no failure (or reliability) in 750 hours = e^(-750/MTBF) = e^(-750/500) = 0.2231
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 114Correct
Which of the following is a visual tool that can be used to track project progress over time?
Pareto chart
Fishbone diagram
Scrum board
Your answer is correct
Gantt chart
Overall explanation
A Gantt chart is a visual tool used to track progress over time in a project. It typically comprises a horizontal bar chart listing
activities on the vertical axis and a timeline on the horizontal axis. The Gantt chart can be used to identify dependencies
between tasks, measure progress, and make adjustments to deadlines if needed.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 115Correct
Which of the following formulas is used to calculate the standard deviation of an activity in a PERT chart?
Your answer is correct
(b - a) / 6
(b - a) / 36
(b - a) / 3
(b - a) / 4
Overall explanation
The standard deviation of activity in a PERT chart is calculated using the formula (b - a) / 6, where a is the optimistic time
estimate, and b is the pessimistic time estimate. This formula takes into account potential delays or changes in the duration of
tasks.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 116Correct
Which of the following is NOT a reason for maintaining material traceability records?
To identify potential quality issues in the production process
To aid in product recalls in case of safety concerns
Your answer is correct
To establish material acceptance criteria
To comply with regulatory requirements
Overall explanation
Material traceability records are used to track the movement of materials through a production process. This helps to identify
potential quality issues, aid in product recalls in case of safety concerns, and comply with regulatory requirements. However, it
is not used to establish material acceptance criteria.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 117Correct
One of Deming's 14 points is to drive out fear. What does driving out fear involve?
Setting specific goals for employees
Your answer is correct
Encouraging an environment of trust and respect
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Establishing clear lines of communication
Implementing a reward system for meeting goals
Overall explanation
Dr. W. Edwards Deming's 14 Points are management strategies designed to help companies improve their quality management
practices. The 8th point of his strategy is to "Drive Out Fear." To drive out fear, it is important to establish an atmosphere where
workers feel comfortable expressing their ideas and concerns without consequence or retribution. This can be achieved by
encouraging an environment of trust, respect, openness and communication between management and employees.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 118Correct
An airline has a process for checking in passengers at the airport. The upper specification limit for check-in time is 20 minutes,
the lower specification limit is 10 minutes, and the process average is 12 minutes. The standard deviation for this process is 0.5
minutes. What is the Cpk value for this process?
1.5
Your answer is correct
1.33
1.67
3.33
Overall explanation
To calculate Cpk, you would use the following formula: Cpk = min( (USL - mean) / (3 * s), (mean - LSL) / (3 * s) ). Plugging in the
values given in the Cpk = min( (20 - 12) / (3 * 0.5), (12 - 10) / (3 * 0.5) ) or Cpk = min(8/1.5 , 2 / 1.5) = 2/1.5 = 1.33
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 119Correct
Which of the following is a key aspect of the audit follow-up process?
Your answer is correct
Verifying the effectiveness of corrective actions
Reviewing the audit report
Determining audit objectives
Conducting the audit interviews
Overall explanation
Verifying the effectiveness of corrective actions is a key aspect of the audit follow-up process. This involves verifying that the
action taken to address nonconformities identified in the audit was effective and verifying that necessary changes were
implemented.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 120Correct
What is the unit for temperature in the Seven Base Units?
Your answer is correct
Kelvin
Fahrenheit
Rankine
Celsius
Overall explanation
The Seven Base Units are the units used to measure seven fundamental physical quantities. These length, mass, time, electric
current, temperature, amount of substance and luminous intensity. The unit for temperature in the Seven Base Units is Kelvin
(K).
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 121Correct
In a risk management process, which of the following steps will come first?
Monitoring and controlling risks
Prioritizing risks
Your answer is correct
Identifying risks
Mitigating risks
Overall explanation
In a risk management process, the first step is to identify the potential risks that could affect the project. This involves analyzing
data related to the project and activities with the goal of discovering any potential sources of risk. After identifying what could

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potentially harm the project, risk managers can prioritize and mitigate these identified risks by implementing strategies to
reduce their impact. The final step is to monitor and control these identified risks throughout the course of the project.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 122Correct
What is gage block wringing?
A process of measuring the flatness of gage blocks using an optical comparator.
A process of cleaning gage blocks to remove dirt and debris.
Your answer is correct
A process of aligning gage blocks to form a stack with high accuracy.
A process of verifying the accuracy of gage blocks using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM).
Overall explanation
Gage block wringing is the process of precisely aligning a set of gage blocks to form a stack with high accuracy. This is done by
using two sets of gage blocks, each set containing a different length and width, and then sliding the shorter gage block over the
longer one until it fits snugly but does not bind. This process allows for precise measurements of length and width.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 123Incorrect
A manufacturing company produces a batch of 250 products and the probability of a product being defective is 2%. What is the
probability that exactly 5 products in the batch will be defective?
Correct answer
0.177
0.215
Your answer is incorrect
0.067
0.134
Overall explanation
The probability of exactly 5 products in the batch being defective in a binomial process with a probability of 2% is given by the
formula P(X5) = (250C5 * 0.02^5 * 0.98^245) = 0.1772.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 124Correct
Which of the following is NOT a typical input for the Concept Development stage of the Product/Process Development Lifecycle?
Market Research
Your answer is correct
Design for Manufacturability
Voice of the Customer
Technical Feasibility
Overall explanation
Design for manufacturability is a technique used to optimize product design by considering the manufacturing processes and
capabilities. It is typically used during the Production/Process Development stage of the Product/Process Development Lifecycle.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 125Correct
A manufacturing process has a reliability of 0.95. If 100 units are produced, what is the probability that at least one of the units
will be defective? (Assume independence)
0.393
0.95
Your answer is correct
0.994
0
Overall explanation
In this case, P(X more than 1) can be calculated as 1 - (0.95)^100, which gives us a probability of 0.994 that at least one unit will
be defective.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 126Incorrect
Given a part tolerance of 52.00 +/- 0.05 and a minimum reading of a digital vernier of 0.01, is the digital vernier an acceptable
measuring instrument according to the 10 to 1 rule of thumb?
Correct answer
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Yes
Your answer is incorrect
No
It depends on the stability of the digital vernier
It is not possible to determine based on the information provided
Overall explanation
According to the 10 to 1 rule of thumb, the resolution of a measuring instrument should be at least 10 times greater than the
expected variation in the characteristic being measured) In this case, the part tolerance is 52.00 +/- 0.05, so the expected
variation is 0.10. The minimum reading of the digital vernier is 0.01, which is 10 times greater than the expected variation, so the
digital vernier is an acceptable measuring instrument according to the 10 to 1 rule of thumb.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 127Correct
An organization is concerned about the risk of data breaches and unauthorized access to sensitive information. Which of the
following is an example of a risk treatment strategy that can be implemented to mitigate this risk?
Conducting regular vulnerability assessments
Adding physical locks to all doors and windows
Installing anti-virus software on all computers
Your answer is correct
Providing regular security awareness training to all employees
Overall explanation
Risk mitigation is a risk treatment strategy that involves reducing the likelihood or impact of the risk. In this case, providing
regular security awareness training to all employees would help to reduce the risk of data breaches and unauthorized access by
making sure that everyone is aware of best security practices and able to identify suspicious activity.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 128Correct
How is Takt time calculated?
By dividing the total production time available by the number of workers available.
Your answer is correct
By dividing the total production time available by the number of units to be produced.
By dividing the number of workers available by the number of units to be produced.
By dividing the number of units to be produced by the total production time available.
Overall explanation
Takt time is a metric used to measure the production rate and is calculated by dividing the total production time available by the
number of units to be produced. This calculation helps to ensure that the production process is efficient and able to meet
customer demand. It also helps to identify any areas of inefficiency, allowing for corrective action to be taken in order to
improve overall performance.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 129Correct
A tree diagram is used to
evaluate relationships between different variables
compare two distributions
determine the probability of an event
Your answer is correct
organize components of a complex process
Overall explanation
A tree diagram is a graphical representation of a complex process. It is used to help explain and organize the steps in a
complicated system or task. Tree diagrams list nodes, points, and branches that account for various outcomes, allowing you to
visualize possible paths from beginning to end.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 130Correct
Which of the following are the seven base units of measurement used in metric systems?
Centimetres, Grams, Seconds, Celcius, Joules, Lumens and Hectare
Your answer is correct
Meter, Kilogram, Second, Kelvin, Candela, Ampere, Mol
Millimeter, Gram, Minute, Kelvin, Kilowatt Hour, Lux Meters, Newton
Meter, Kilogram, Liter, Celsius, Ampere, Candela, Mole
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Overall explanation
The seven base units of measurement used in metric systems (International System of Units or SI system) are meter (m),
kilogram (kg), second (s), kelvin (K), Candela (cd), ampere (A), and mole (mol). These units measure length/distance,
mass/weight/amount of material present, the time elapsed between two events or moments in time passing by, respectively;
temperature; the intensity of light; electric current and amount of substance.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 131Incorrect
You are a project manager tasked with managing complex improvement projects. Which of the following is NOT typically used as
part of a project team?
Your answer is incorrect
Self-directed teams
Correct answer
Single-function teams
Virtual teams
Cross-functional teams
Overall explanation
A single-function team comprises members from only one specialty or department, such as Marketing, Accounting, or
Engineering. These types of teams are not usually suitable for managing complex projects; instead, virtual, cross-functional and
self-directed teams are often more appropriate for this type of work.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 132Correct
The higher the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in a system, the
More sensitive the system is to variations in noise
Less accurate the system is in measuring the signal
Your answer is correct
More robust the system is to variations in noise
Less reliable system is in detecting the signal
Overall explanation
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is a measure of the relative strength of a signal compared to the background noise that exists in the
system. The higher the SNR, the more robust the system is to variations in noise, meaning that it can effectively separate signals
from background noise and accurately detect and measure them.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 133Incorrect
What is the role of a facilitator in a discussion or decision-making process?
To keep the conversation focused on the topic at hand
Correct answer
To ensure everyone's opinion is considered and respected
Your answer is incorrect
To take charge of the conversation and provide guidance
To present information without bias
Overall explanation
A facilitator is a neutral third party who leads a group discussion or decision-making process. The primary aim of a facilitator is to
ensure that all voices are heard, opinions are valued, decisions are made objectively, and collective action is taken by the group.
The facilitator does not take sides, provide information, or suggest solutions - but instead focuses on creating an inclusive
environment for conversations and decision-making.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 134Correct
In a hypothesis test, the level of significance is the probability of:
Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually false
Accepting the null hypothesis when it is actually true
Accepting the null hypothesis when it is actually false
Your answer is correct
Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true
Overall explanation

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The level of significance is the probability of making a Type I error, which is rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.
This means that the level of significance is the probability of incorrectly concluding that the null hypothesis is false when it is
actually true.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 135Correct
At the start of an audit, an auditor and the team being audited typically meet for an opening meeting to discuss the
implementation of the audit. At this meeting, what is typically reviewed?
List of stakeholders who will be impacted by any findings
The corrective action plan
Your answer is correct
The scope and objectives of the audit
All applicable laws and regulations
Overall explanation
At the opening meeting of an audit, typically, the scope and objectives of the audit are reviewed. This s discussing the criteria
that will be used to assess compliance and any other applicable requirements. The auditor will also explain their role and
responsibilities and provide information on the timeline for completing the audit.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 136Correct
Here is a sample RACI matrix for a project to launch a new product in a manufacturing company. What problem do you see in
this matrix?

Your answer is correct

There are two "Accountable" parties for Production
There are two "Consulted" parties for Dispatch
There are two "Responsible" parties for Inspection
There is only a single "Informed" party for the Design
Overall explanation
In the RACI matrix, there are two parties listed as "Accountable" for Production. This means that both parties have the ultimate
responsibility for ensuring that production tasks are completed correctly and on time. Having two people with this level of
responsibility can lead to confusion and delays in completing tasks, so it is important to ensure that only one party is ultimately
responsible for each task.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 137Incorrect
Given a population of 6 red balls and 8 blue balls, what is the probability of randomly picking 5 balls and getting 3 red balls in the
selection?
0.2143
0.1389
Correct answer
0.2797
Your answer is incorrect
0.0833
Overall explanation
This is a hypergeometric distribution problem, which is used to calculate the probability of getting a certain number of successes
in a sample from a finite population without replacement. The formula for this type of distribution is P(x) = (aCx * N-aCn-x) / NCn,
where n is the number of trials, a is the number of successes in the population, N is the size of the population, and x is the
number of successes in the sample. For this problem, n = 5, N = 14, a = 6, and x = 3. Hence P(3) = ( 6C3 * 8C2) / 14C5 = 0.2797
Domain
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6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 138Correct
What is the difference between trend and seasonality in time-series analysis?
Trend and seasonality are not relevant in time-series analysis
Your answer is correct
Trend refers to the long-term changes in the data, while seasonality refers to the short-term fluctuations
Trend and seasonality are the same concept in time-series analysis
Trend refers to the short-term fluctuations in the data, while seasonality refers to the long-term changes
Overall explanation
A trend is a long-term change or pattern in the data that is not affected by seasonal fluctuations. It can be used to predict future
outcomes based on past data points. Seasonality, on the other hand, refers to short-term fluctuations in the data that occur at
regular intervals. This can be caused by external factors such as holidays or changes in weather patterns. Identifying and
removing trend and seasonality components is an important step in time-series analysis.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 139Correct
What does a low value for reproducibility indicate in the context of measurement?
Your answer is correct
The appraisers are capable of producing consistent results
The measuring instruments are not capable of producing consistent results
The measuring instruments are capable of producing consistent results
The appraisers are not capable of producing consistent results
Overall explanation
A low value for reproducibility indicates that the appraisers can produce consistent results. Reproducibility refers to the degree
to which a measurement is reproducible by other operators or measurement systems.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 140Incorrect
In a hypothesis test, if the power of the test is increased:
Your answer is incorrect
Alpha (α) is decreased
Correct answer
Beta (β) is decreased
Beta (β) is increased
Alpha (α) is increased
Overall explanation
Increasing the power of a hypothesis test means decreasing the beta (β) level, which is the probability of making a Type II error.
Remember, Power = 1 - beta(β), so if the power increases, the beta level must be decreased) This means the test is more likely
to detect an effect when one truly exists.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 141Correct
An industrial setting achieved an overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) of 0.9 after implementing Lean Six Sigma principles.
What does this OEE mean?
Your answer is correct
The process is running at 90% efficiency.
The process produces outputs that meet 90% of customer requirements.
The process is using 90% of the available time to produce output.
The process produces 10% more output than its previous state.
Overall explanation
Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is the measure of how effectively a manufacturing operation is utilized, and it is
calculated by multiplying three factors: availability, performance and quality rate together, which represent the percentage of
scheduled time that is actually utilized for production, the speed at which that production takes place compared to its
theoretical maximum, and the number of good pieces produced compared to the total amount set out to be made respectively.
In this case, an OEE of 0.9 means that the process is running at 90% efficiency; that is, the process is operating effectively in
terms of availability, performance and quality.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 142Correct
What is the formula for CpU in a process capability study?
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CpU = (USL - Process Mean) / (3 * sigma overall)
CpU = (Process Mean - LSL) / (3 * sigma overall)
Your answer is correct
CpU = (USL - Process Mean) / (3 * sigma within)
CpU = (Process Mean - LSL) / (3 * sigma within)
Overall explanation
CpU is calculated by dividing the difference between the Upper Specification Limit (USL) and the process mean by 3 times the
sigma within value. This metric measures how closely a process can meet customer requirements for the upper specification
limit.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 143Incorrect
What is a Type II error?
Accepting a true null hypothesis
Rejecting a false null hypothesis
Your answer is incorrect
Accepting a false null hypothesis
Correct answer
Failing to reject a false null hypothesis
Overall explanation
A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is actually false. This type of error is also known as a false
negative. It happens when the researcher incorrectly fails to reject the null hypothesis and concludes that there is no statistically
significant difference between two data sets or treatments, even though there actually is a difference.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 144Correct
What is the difference between a risk and an issue in project management?
Your answer is correct
A risk is a potential problem, while an issue is a current problem.
A risk is a known problem, while an issue is an unknown problem.
A risk is a current problem, while an issue is a potential problem.
A risk has been identified, while an issue has not yet been identified.
Overall explanation
In project management, a risk is a potential problem or obstacle that could prevent the successful completion of a project. It is
something that may happen and must be managed in order to avoid failure. An issue, on the other hand, is a current problem or
obstacle that is preventing progress. It is something that has already happened and must be addressed in order to move forward.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 145Incorrect
What is the purpose of a process capability study?
To develop a training program for process improvement
To identify the root cause of defects in a process
Your answer is incorrect
To optimize the efficiency of a process
Correct answer
To determine if a process is capable of meeting customer requirements
Overall explanation
A process capability study determines if a process can meet customer requirements. It involves measuring the performance of
the process and comparing it to the specifications set by the customer or industry standards. The study results can then be used
to identify areas for improvement and ensure that the process can meet customer requirements.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 146Incorrect
What is the relationship between the Exponential and Weibull distributions in terms of their shape parameter (k)?
Your answer is incorrect
The Exponential distribution has a shape parameter of k = 1.32
The Exponential distribution has a shape parameter of k < 1
Correct answer
The Exponential distribution does not have a shape parameter
The Exponential distribution has a shape parameter of k > 1
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Overall explanation
The Exponential and Weibull distributions are related in that they both describe the time to failure of a system. However, they
differ in terms of their shape parameter (k) - the Exponential distribution is a special case of Weibull distribution with a shape
parameter of k = 1.
But the Exponential Distribution itself does not have a shape factor.
Domain
3 Product, Process, and Service Design
Question 147Correct
Which of the following types of the tester is commonly used to measure the thickness of a paint coating on a surface?
Colorimeter
Gloss meter
Your answer is correct
Elcometer
Impact tester
Overall explanation
The Elcometer is a type of tester that is commonly used to measure the thickness of a paint coating on a surface. This device can
be used to measure the thickness of paint, lacquer, enamel, varnish, and other types of coatings. It is also used to ensure that
the thickness of coatings is within acceptable tolerances.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 148Correct
Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 S's?
Sustain
Sort
Sweep
Your answer is correct
Simplify
Overall explanation
The 5S's are Sort, Set in Order, Shine (clean and organize), Standardize, and Sustain. Simplify is not one of the 5S's.
Domain
5 Continuous Improvement
Question 149Incorrect
A normal distribution has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 20. What is the probability that a randomly chosen value
from the distribution will be less than 120?
Correct answer
0.8413
0.1587
Your answer is incorrect
0.9332
0.0668
Overall explanation
120 is one standard deviation above the mean. The area between plus and minus 1 standard deviation from the mean is
approximately 68%. That means there is a 32% area of the left and right tail of the normal curve. (or 16% on each tail). That
means the area to the left of 1 standard deviation from the mean is approximately 84%.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 150Correct
Producer's risk is defined as:
Your answer is correct
The probability of a lot being rejected when it is not defective
The probability of a producer making a loss
The probability of accepting a lot with defective products
The probability of a producer making a profit
Overall explanation
Producer's risk is defined as the probability of a lot being rejected when it is not actually defective. This means the producer will
suffer a financial loss because they had to produce and deliver a rejected product due to an incorrect decision based on
statistical sampling.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 151Correct
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A company wants to reduce the risks within its organization. The company has decided on a risk mitigation plan, which s
developing policies and procedures, assigning roles and responsibilities to staff members, and training staff on their roles. How
should the company interpret the results of this risk mitigation plan?
Your answer is correct
It should be able to partially reduce risks but not eliminate them completely
It will guarantee 100% protection against all risks
It should be able to reduce risks by at least 90%
It will minimize operational costs
Overall explanation
No risk mitigation plan can ever guarantee 100% protection from all risks. Therefore, the company should expect its plan only
partially to reduce the identified risks but not eliminate them completely.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 152Correct
Which of the following techniques is commonly used to evaluate training?
Your answer is correct
Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
360-degree feedback
Return on Investment (ROI)
Overall explanation
The Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model is one of the most popular and widely-used methods for evaluating training. This model
consists of four levels - reaction, learning, behaviour, and results - which measure various aspects of a training program, such as
participant satisfaction, knowledge acquisition, and performance improvement. Other techniques that can be used to evaluate
training ROI, 360-degree feedback, and the MBTI.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 153Incorrect
What is the standard error of the mean for a sample of size n=25 from a population with a standard deviation of 4?
Correct answer
0.8
0.4
Your answer is incorrect
2.5
1.6
Overall explanation
The standard error of the mean is equal to the population standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size.
Therefore, for a sample of size n=25 from a population with a standard deviation of 4, the standard error of the mean would be
4 / sqrt(25) = 0.8.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools
Question 154Incorrect
Why is it important to maintain the integrity of a sample in acceptance sampling?
To ensure accuracy in results
To reduce costs
Your answer is incorrect
To prevent contamination of sample
Correct answer
To ensure that the sample represents the lot.
Overall explanation
Maintaining sample integrity in acceptance sampling is important to ensure that the sample taken accurately reflects the quality
of the entire lot.
Domain
4 Product and Process Control
Question 155Correct
An organization wants to measure its supplier performance every month and identify suppliers that need improvement. Which
of the following methods should be used?
Critical path analysis
Logistic regression
Regression analysis
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Your answer is correct
Pareto charting
Overall explanation
Pareto Charting is an efficient tool to measure various elements of supplier performance, such as cost, quality and delivery, and
it can also reveal areas of inefficiency or processes in need of improvement. A Pareto Chart can also track the improvement in
suppliers over time, helping to identify which suppliers need more attention or resources quickly.
Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 156Correct
Which of the following is NOT a step in the ADDIE Model for training?
Analyze
Your answer is correct
Define
Develop
Evaluate
Overall explanation
The ADDIE Model consists of five distinct steps- analyze (identifying the needs of learners), design (outlining the course
objectives), develop (creating the actual training materials), implement (deploying the material to learners), and evaluate
(reviewing results). Defining is not a step in this process.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 157Correct
What is the definition of an opportunity in the context of risk management?
A situation in which risk is unlikely to occur
A potential hazard or loss that could be realized
A situation in which risk is likely to occur
Your answer is correct
A potential benefit or gain that could be realized
Overall explanation
An opportunity is a potential benefit or gain that could be realized from taking action. It is the opposite of risk and is typically
associated with positive outcomes such as cost savings, increased revenue, or improved efficiency.
Domain
7 Risk Management
Question 158Correct
A software development team has created a document detailing the requirements of an innovative new system. The document
is regularly updated by different team members as they add, edit and delete information. What is the best way to track changes
to the document throughout its development?
PDF viewer
Database
Spreadsheet
Your answer is correct
Version control software
Overall explanation
Version control software tracks changes in computer files over time. This allows for multiple versions of the same file to be
tracked, managed and saved with their own version numbers so that users can review past changes and revert to earlier
versions if necessary.
Domain
2 The Quality System
Question 159Correct
Which of the following is an example of a win-win conflict resolution?
Competition
Your answer is correct
Collaboration
Compromise
Avoidance
Overall explanation
A win-win conflict resolution is a style of resolving conflict in which both parties involved come to an agreement that satisfies
everyone's needs and priorities. An example of a win-win conflict resolution is collaboration, where both sides work together to
resolve the issue. The other choices - compromise, avoidance and competition - are not examples of a win-win approach to
conflict resolution.
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Domain
1 Management and Leadership
Question 160Correct
In a healthcare scenario, a paired t-test is conducted to compare the effectiveness of two different types of wound dressings on
the healing time of patients. The mean difference in healing time between the two types of dressings is -3 days, with a standard
deviation of 4 days and a sample size of 25 pairs of patients. What is the t-value for this test?
-1.5
Your answer is correct
-3.75
1.5
-0.75
Overall explanation
To solve this question, calculate t = (mean difference)/(standard error of the mean)). The standard error of the mean is
calculated as (standard deviation)/(sqrt(sample size)). Therefore, in this case, the standard error of the mean is (4)/(sqrt(25)) =
0.8. Therefore, the t-value for this test is t (-3)/(0.8) = - 3.75.
Domain
6 Quantitative Methods and Tools

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