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JS CheatSheet

Basics ➤

On page script
<script type="text/javascript"> ...
</script>

Include external JS file

<script src="filename.js"></script>

Delay - 1 second timeout

setTimeout(function () {

}, 1000);

Functions
function addNumbers(a, b) {
return a + b; ;
}
x = addNumbers(1, 2);

Edit DOM element

document.getElementById("elementID").innerHTML = "Hello World!";

Output
console.log(a); // write to the browser console
document.write(a); // write to the HTML
alert(a); // output in an alert box
confirm("Really?"); // yes/no dialog, returns true/false depending on user click
prompt("Your age?","0"); // input dialog. Second argument is the initial value

Comments
/* Multi line
comment */
// One line

Loops

For Loop
for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
document.write(i + ": " + i*3 + "<br />");
}
:
 var sum = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
sum + = a[i];
} // parsing an array
html = "";
for (var i of custOrder) {
html += "<li>" + i + "</li>";
}

While Loop
var i = 1; // initialize
while (i < 100) { // enters the cycle if statement is true
i *= 2; // increment to avoid infinite loop
document.write(i + ", "); // output
}

Do While Loop
var i = 1; // initialize
do { // enters cycle at least once
i *= 2; // increment to avoid infinite loop
document.write(i + ", "); // output
} while (i < 100) // repeats cycle if statement is true at the end

Break
for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 5) { break; } // stops and exits the cycle
document.write(i + ", "); // last output number is 4
}

Continue
for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 5) { continue; } // skips the rest of the cycle
document.write(i + ", "); // skips 5
}
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If - Else
:
 If - Else
if ((age >= 14) && (age < 19)) { // logical condition
status = "Eligible."; // executed if condition is true
} else { // else block is optional
status = "Not eligible."; // executed if condition is false
}

Switch Statement
switch (new Date().getDay()) { // input is current day
case 6: // if (day == 6)
text = "Saturday";
break;
case 0: // if (day == 0)
text = "Sunday";
break;
default: // else...
text = "Whatever";
}

Variables x
var a; // variable
var b = "init"; // string
var c = "Hi" + " " + "Joe"; // = "Hi Joe"
var d = 1 + 2 + "3"; // = "33"
var e = [2,3,5,8]; // array
var f = false; // boolean
var g = /()/; // RegEx
var h = function(){}; // function object
const PI = 3.14; // constant
var a = 1, b = 2, c = a + b; // one line
let z = 'zzz'; // block scope local variable

Strict mode
"use strict"; // Use strict mode to write secure code
x = 1; // Throws an error because variable is not declared

Values
false, true // boolean
18, 3.14, 0b10011, 0xF6, NaN // number
"flower", 'John' // string
undefined, null , Infinity // special

Operators
a = b + c - d; // addition, substraction
a = b * (c / d); // multiplication, division
x = 100 % 48; // modulo. 100 / 48 remainder = 4
a++; b--; // postfix increment and decrement

Bitwise operators
5 & 1 (0101 &
& AND 1 (1)
0001)
5 | 1 (0101 | 5
| OR
0001) (101)
10
:
 ~ NOT ~ 5 (~0101) (1010)
5 ^ 1 (0101 ^ 4
^ XOR
0001) (100)
5 << 1 (0101 10
<< left shift
<< 1) (1010)
5 >> 1 (0101
>> right shift 2 (10)
>> 1)
zero fill right 5 >>> 1 (0101
>>> 2 (10)
shift >>> 1)

Arithmetic
a * (b + c) // grouping
person.age // member
person[age] // member
!(a == b) // logical not
a != b // not equal
typeof a // type (number, object, function...)
x << 2 x >> 3 // minary shifting
a = b // assignment
a == b // equals
a != b // unequal
a === b // strict equal
a !== b // strict unequal
a < b a > b // less and greater than
a <= b a >= b // less or equal, greater or eq
a += b // a = a + b (works with - * %...)
a && b // logical and
a || b // logical or

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 Data Types ℜ
var age = 18; // number
var name = "Jane"; // string
var name = {first:"Jane", last:"Doe"}; // object
var truth = false; // boolean
var sheets = ["HTML","CSS","JS"]; // array
var a; typeof a; // undefined
var a = null; // value null

Objects
var student = { // object name
firstName:"Jane", // list of properties and values
lastName:"Doe",
age:18,
height:170,
fullName : function() { // object function
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;
}
};
student.age = 19; // setting value
student[age]++; // incrementing
name = student.fullName(); // call object function

Strings ⊗
:
 var abc = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
var esc = 'I don\'t \n know'; // \n new line
var len = abc.length; // string length
abc.indexOf("lmno"); // find substring, -1 if doesn't contain
abc.lastIndexOf("lmno"); // last occurance
abc.slice(3, 6); // cuts out "def", negative values count from behind
Events
abc.replace("abc","123"); // find and replace, takes regular expressions
abc.toUpperCase(); // convert to upper case
<button onclick="myFunction();">
abc.toLowerCase(); // convert to lower case
Click here
abc.concat(" ", str2); // abc + " " + str2
</button>
abc.charAt(2); // character at index: "c"
abc[2]; // unsafe, abc[2] = "C" doesn't work
Mouse
abc.charCodeAt(2); // character code at index: "c" -> 99
onclick, oncontextmenu,
abc.split(","); ondblclick, // splitting a string on commas gives an array
onmousedown,
abc.split(""); onmouseenter, onmouseleave,
// splitting on characters
onmousemove, onmouseover, onmouseout,
128.toString(16); // number to hex(16), octal (8) or binary (2)
onmouseup

Keyboard
onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup

Frame
onabort, onbeforeunload, onerror,
onhashchange, onload, onpageshow,
onpagehide, onresize, onscroll, onunload

Form
onblur, onchange, onfocus, onfocusin,
onfocusout, oninput, oninvalid, onreset,
onsearch, onselect, onsubmit

Drag
ondrag, ondragend, ondragenter, ondragleave,
ondragover, ondragstart, ondrop

Clipboard
oncopy, oncut, onpaste

Media
onabort, oncanplay, oncanplaythrough,
ondurationchange, onended, onerror,
onloadeddata, onloadedmetadata, onloadstart,
onpause, onplay, onplaying, onprogress,
onratechange, onseeked, onseeking, onstalled,
onsuspend, ontimeupdate, onvolumechange,
onwaiting

Animation
animationend, animationiteration, animationstart

Miscellaneous
transitionend, onmessage, onmousewheel,
ononline, onoffline, onpopstate, onshow,
onstorage, ontoggle, onwheel, ontouchcancel,
ontouchend, ontouchmove, ontouchstart

Numbers and Math ∑

:
 Numbers and Math ∑
var pi = 3.141;
pi.toFixed(0); // returns 3
pi.toFixed(2); // returns 3.14 - for working with money
pi.toPrecision(2) // returns 3.1
pi.valueOf(); // returns number
Number(true); // converts to number
Number(new Date()) // number of milliseconds since 1970
parseInt("3 months"); // returns the first number: 3
parseFloat("3.5 days"); // returns 3.5
Number.MAX_VALUE // largest possible JS number
Number.MIN_VALUE // smallest possible JS number
Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY// -Infinity
Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY// Infinity

Math.
var pi = Math.PI; // 3.141592653589793
Math.round(4.4); // = 4 - rounded
Math.round(4.5); // = 5
Math.pow(2,8); // = 256 - 2 to the power of 8
Math.sqrt(49); // = 7 - square root
Math.abs(-3.14); // = 3.14 - absolute, positive value
Math.ceil(3.14); // = 4 - rounded up
Math.floor(3.99); // = 3 - rounded down
Math.sin(0); // = 0 - sine
Math.cos(Math.PI); // OTHERS: tan,atan,asin,acos,
Math.min(0, 3, -2, 2); // = -2 - the lowest value
Math.max(0, 3, -2, 2); // = 3 - the highest value
Math.log(1); // = 0 natural logarithm
Math.exp(1); // = 2.7182pow(E,x)
Math.random(); // random number between 0 and 1
Math.floor(Math.random() * 5) + 1; // random integer, from 1 to 5

Constants like Math.PI:

E, PI, SQRT2, SQRT1_2, LN2, LN10, LOG2E,
Log10E

Dates
Sat Mar 25 2023 10:38:01 GMT-0300 (hora
estándar de Argentina)
var d = new Date();
1679751481435 miliseconds passed since 1970
Number(d)
Date("2017-06-23"); // date declaration
Date("2017"); // is set to Jan 01
Date("2017-06-23T12:00:00-09:45"); // date - time YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ
Date("June 23 2017"); // long date format
Date("Jun 23 2017 07:45:00 GMT+0100 (Tokyo Time)"); // time zone

Get Times
:
 var d = new Date();
a = d.getDay(); // getting the weekday

getDate(); // day as a number (1-31)

getDay(); // weekday as a number (0-6)
getFullYear(); // four digit year (yyyy)
getHours(); // hour (0-23)
getMilliseconds(); // milliseconds (0-999)
getMinutes(); // minutes (0-59)
getMonth(); // month (0-11)
getSeconds(); // seconds (0-59)
getTime(); // milliseconds since 1970

Setting part of a date

var d = new Date();
d.setDate(d.getDate() + 7); // adds a week to a date

setDate(); // day as a number (1-31)

setFullYear(); // year (optionally month and day)
setHours(); // hour (0-23)
setMilliseconds(); // milliseconds (0-999)
setMinutes(); // minutes (0-59)
setMonth(); // month (0-11)
setSeconds(); // seconds (0-59)
setTime(); // milliseconds since 1970)
Arrays ≡
var dogs = ["Bulldog", "Beagle", "Labrador"];
var dogs = new Array("Bulldog", "Beagle", "Labrador"); // declaration

alert(dogs[1]); // access value at index, first item being [0]

dogs[0] = "Bull Terier"; // change the first item

for (var i = 0; i < dogs.length; i++) { // parsing with array.length

console.log(dogs[i]);
}

Methods
dogs.toString(); // convert to string: results "Bulldog,Beagle,Labrador
dogs.join(" * "); // join: "Bulldog * Beagle * Labrador"
dogs.pop(); // remove last element
dogs.push("Chihuahua"); // add new element to the end
dogs[dogs.length] = "Chihuahua"; // the same as push
dogs.shift(); // remove first element
dogs.unshift("Chihuahua"); // add new element to the beginning
delete dogs[0]; // change element to undefined (not recommended)
dogs.splice(2, 0, "Pug", "Boxer"); // add elements (where, how many to remove, element li
var animals = dogs.concat(cats,birds); // join two arrays (dogs followed by cats and birds)
dogs.slice(1,4); // elements from [1] to [4-1]
dogs.sort(); // sort string alphabetically
dogs.reverse(); // sort string in descending order
x.sort(function(a, b){return a - b}); // numeric sort
x.sort(function(a, b){return b - a}); // numeric descending sort
highest = x[0]; // first item in sorted array is the lowest (or highes
x.sort(function(a, b){return 0.5 - Math.random()}); // random order sort

concat, copyWithin, every, fill, filter, find,

:
 findIndex, forEach, indexOf, isArray, join,
lastIndexOf, map, pop, push, reduce,
reduceRight, reverse, shift, slice, some, sort,
splice, toString, unshift, valueOf

Global Functions ()
eval(); // executes a string as if it was script code
String(23); // return string from number
(23).toString(); // return string from number
Number("23"); // return number from string
decodeURI(enc); // decode URI. Result: "my page.asp"
encodeURI(uri); // encode URI. Result: "my%page.asp"
decodeURIComponent(enc); // decode a URI component
encodeURIComponent(uri); // encode a URI component
isFinite(); // is variable a finite, legal number
isNaN(); // is variable an illegal number
parseFloat(); // returns floating point number of string
parseInt(); // parses a string and returns an integer

Regular Expressions \n
var a = str.search(/CheatSheet/i);

Modifiers
i
perform case-insensitive matching
g perform a global match
m perform multiline matching

Patterns
\ Escape character
\d find a digit
\s
find a whitespace character
\b
find match at beginning or end of a word
n+ contains at least one n
n*
contains zero or more occurrences of n
n?
contains zero or one occurrences of n
^ Start of string
$ End of string
\uxxxx find the Unicode character
. Any single character
(a|b) a or b
(...) Group section
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[abc] In range (a, b or c)
[0-9]
any of the digits between the brackets
[^abc] Not in range
\s White space
a? Zero or one of a
a* Zero or more of a
a*? Zero or more, ungreedy
:
 a+ One or more of a
a+? One or more, ungreedy
a{2} Exactly 2 of a
a{2,} 2 or more of a
a{,5} Up to 5 of a
a{2,5} 2 to 5 of a
a{2,5}? 2 to 5 of a, ungreedy
[:punct:] Any punctuation symbol
[:space:] Any space character
[:blank:] Space or tab

Errors
try { // block of code to try
undefinedFunction();
}
catch(err) { // block to handle errors
console.log(err.message);
}

Throw error
throw "My error message"; // throw a text

Input validation
:
 var x = document.getElementById("mynum").value; // get input value
try {
if(x == "") throw "empty"; // error cases
if(isNaN(x)) throw "not a number";
x = Number(x);
if(x > 10) throw "too high";
}
catch(err) { // if there's an error
document.write("Input is " + err); // output error
console.error(err); // write the error in console
}
finally {
document.write("</br />Done"); // executed regardless of the try / catch result
}

Error name values

RangeError A number is "out of range"
ReferenceError
JSON j
An illegal reference has occurred
SyntaxError
var str = '{"names":[' + // crate JSON object
A syntax error has occurred
'{"first":"Hakuna","lastN":"Matata" },' +
TypeError A type error has occurred
'{"first":"Jane","lastN":"Doe" },' +
URIError
'{"first":"Air","last":"Jordan" }]}';
An encodeURI() error has occurred
obj = JSON.parse(str); // parse
document.write(obj.names[1].first); // access

Send
var myObj = { "name":"Jane", "age":18, "city":"Chicago" }; // create object
var myJSON = JSON.stringify(myObj); // stringify
window.location = "demo.php?x=" + myJSON; // send to php

Storing and retrieving

myObj = { "name":"Jane", "age":18, "city":"Chicago" };
myJSON = JSON.stringify(myObj); // storing data
localStorage.setItem("testJSON", myJSON);
text = localStorage.getItem("testJSON"); // retrieving data
obj = JSON.parse(text);
document.write(obj.name);

Promises Þ
:
 function sum (a, b) {
return Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
setTimeout(function () { // send the response after 1 s
if (typeof a !== "number" || typeof b !== "number") { // testing input types
return reject(new TypeError("Inputs must be numbers"));
}
resolve(a + b);
}, 1000);
});
}
var myPromise = sum(10, 5);
myPromsise.then(function (result) {
document.write(" 10 + 5: ", result);
return sum(null, "foo"); // Invalid data and return another promise
}).then(function () { // Won't be called because of the error
}).catch(function (err) { // The catch handler is called instead, after another
console.error(err); // => Please provide two numbers to sum.
});Useful Links ↵
States
JS cleaner Obfuscator
pending, fulfilled, rejected
Can I use? Node.js
Properties
jQuery RegEx tester
Promise.length, Promise.prototype

Methods
Promise.all(iterable), Promise.race(iterable),
Promise.reject(reason), Promise.resolve(value)
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