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Modulation RP

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5 views6 pages

Modulation RP

Uploaded by

ali974424
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MTI

UNIVERSITY

COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS ( 1 )

MODULATION
REPORT

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF


BY : ALI AMIN HUSSIN OMRAN ENG / NAYERA AHMED
ID : 103314 ENG / YASMIN RAGAB
What is Modulation :
THE PROCESS BY WHICH DATA IS CONVERTED INTO
ELECTRICAL / DIGITAL SIGNALS FOR TRANSFERRING
THAT SIGNAL OVER A MEDIUM IS CALLED MODULATION.
IT INCREASES STRENGTH FOR MAXIMUM REACH OF THE
SIGNALS. THE PROCESS OF EXTRACTING DATA FROM
THE TRANSMITTED SIGNAL IS CALLED DEMODULATION.
A MODEM IS A DEVICE THAT PERFORMS BOTH
MODULATION AND DEMODULATION PROCESSES.
THE VARIOUS FORMS OF MODULATION ARE DESIGNED
TO ALTER THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CARRIER WAVES.
THE MOST COMMONLY ALTERED CHARACTERISTICS OF
MODULATION INCLUDE AMPLITUDE, FREQUENCY, AND
PHASE.
CARRIER SIGNAL: THE SIGNALS THAT CONTAIN NO
INFORMATION BUT HAVE A CERTAIN PHASE,
FREQUENCY, AND AMPLITUDE ARE CALLED CARRIER
SIGNALS.
MODULATED SIGNALS: THE SIGNALS WHICH ARE THE
COMBINATION OF THE CARRIER SIGNALS AND
MODULATION SIGNALS ARE MODULATED SIGNALS.
THE MODULATED SIGNAL IS OBTAINED AFTER THE
MODULATION OF THE SIGNALS.
Types of Modulation :
AMPLITUDE MODULATION ( AM ) : IT IS A TYPE OF
MODULATION IN WHICH ONLY THE AMPLITUDE OF
THE CARRIER SIGNAL IS VARIED TO REPRESENT THE
DATA BEING ADDED TO THE SIGNALS WHEREAS THE
PHASE AND THE FREQUENCY OF THE SIGNAL ARE
KEPT UNCHANGED.

FREQUENCY MODULATION ( FM ) : IT IS A TYPE OF


MODULATION IN WHICH ONLY THE FREQUENCY OF
THE CARRIER SIGNAL IS VARIED TO REPRESENT THE
FREQUENCY OF THE DATA WHEREAS THE PHASE
AND THE AMPLITUDE OF THE SIGNALS ARE KEPT
UNCHANGED.
Types of Modulation :
PHASE MODULATION ( PM ) : IT IS A TYPE OF
MODULATION IN WHICH THE PHASE OF THE CARRIER
SIGNAL IS VARIED TO REPRESENT THE DATA BEING
ADDED TO THE SIGNAL. DIFFERENT INFORMATION
VALUES ARE REPRESENTED BY DIFFERENT PHASES..

POLARISATION MODULATION : POLARISATION


MODULATION INVOLVES VARYING THE ANGLE OF
ROTATION OF AN OPTICAL CARRIER SIGNAL TO
REFLECT TRANSMITTED DATA.
PULSE-CODE MODULATION : AN ANALOG SIGNAL IS
SAMPLED TO GENERATE A DATA STREAM, WHICH IS
THEN UTILIZED TO MODULATE A DIGITAL CARRIER
SIGNAL.
QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATION (QAM) :
QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATION EMPLOYS
TWO AM CARRIERS TO ENCODE TWO OR MORE BITS
IN A SINGLE TRANSMISSION.
What is the Need of Modulation :
SIZE OF ANTENNA : AS WE KNOW THAT THE SIZE OF
THE ANTENNA IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO THE
FREQUENCY OF THE RADIATED SIGNAL AND
ANTENNA SIZE MUST BE 1/10TH OF THE
WAVELENGTH. IF THE FREQUENCY SIGNALS ARE
MORE THAN 5KHZ IN THAT CASE IT IS QUITE
IMPOSSIBLE TO SET UP AN ANTENNA OF THAT SIZE.
SO, BY USING THE MODULATION TECHNIQUE THE
SIZE OF THE ANTENNA IS REDUCED.
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION : MODULATION
PROVIDES A WIRELESS CONNECTION TO TRANSMIT
THE SIGNALS TO A LONGER DISTANCE. EARLIER WE
USED WIRE SYSTEMS (LIKE THE TELEPHONE) TO
TRANSFER INFORMATION WITH THE HELP OF
TELEPHONIC WIRES BUT IT WAS NOT POSSIBLE TO
SPREAD THE WIRES ALL OVER THE WORLD FOR
COMMUNICATION. BY USING THE MODULATION
TECHNIQUE, THE COST OF WIRE IS SAVED AND EVEN
INFORMATION CAN BE TRANSFERRED TO LONGER
DISTANCES FASTER.
Advantages of Modulation :
IT REDUCES THE SIZE OF THE ANTENNA.
IT REDUCES THE COST OF WIRES.
IT PROHIBITS THE MIXING OF SIGNALS.
IT INCREASES THE RANGE OF COMMUNICATION.
IT IMPROVES THE RECEPTION QUALITY.
IT EASILY MULTIPLEXES THE SIGNALS.
IT ALSO ALLOWS THE ADJUSTMENT OF THE
BANDWIDTH.

Disadvantages of Modulation :
THE COST OF THE EQUIPMENT IS HIGHER.
THE RECEIVER AND THE TRANSMITTER ARE VERY
COMPLICATED.
FOR BETTER COMMUNICATION, THE ANTENNAS FOR
THE FM SYSTEM MUST BE KEPT CLOSED.
IT IS NOT EFFICIENT FOR LARGE BANDWIDTH.
POWER WASTAGE TAKES PLACE.

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