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49 views11 pages

AI Project Updated

Uploaded by

Mrutyunjai Mohan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SMOKE AND FIRE DETECTION

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

MRUTYUNJAI MOHAN
X-D
TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABTRACT
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
PROJECT DESIGN
SOURCE CODE
OUTPUT SCREEN
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
ABSTRACT
The Smoke and Fire Detector System is a safety
technology designed to detect the presence of
smoke or fire in an environment and provide early
warning signals to prevent damage or injury. This
thesis presents the design, implementation, and
evaluation of a smart fire detection system that
utilizes sensors, microcontrollers, and integrated
communication systems to monitor potential fire
hazards. The system employs smoke sensors,
temperature sensors, and gas sensors to detect
fire-related phenomena. The data is processed by
a microcontroller and presented via a user-
friendly interface to alert users promptly. The
thesis outlines the hardware and software
requirements, describes the system configuration,
and provides insight into the project design and
source code. Additionally, an evaluation of the
system's performance is provided, demonstrating
the effectiveness of the system in real-world
scenarios.
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
The Smoke and Fire Detection System consists of several key
components working together to detect fire hazards. The system
configuration includes:

1. Microcontroller (Arduino/Raspberry Pi/ESP32):


The central unit that processes inputs from various sensors and
triggers alarms based on predefined thresholds.
2. Smoke Sensor (MQ-2, MQ-7, etc.):
A sensor capable of detecting the presence of smoke particles in
the air. It is highly sensitive and provides real-time data to the
microcontroller.
3. Temperature Sensor (LM35 or DHT22):
Monitors temperature variations in the environment. Sudden
rises in temperature can indicate the presence of fire.
4. Gas Sensor (MQ-5):
Used to detect the presence of combustible gases such as carbon
monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4), which are common
byproducts of fires.
5. Buzzer/Alarm:
A loud audible alarm that sounds when the system detects
smoke, temperature rise, or gas leakage, notifying the users of
potential danger.
6. LCD/LED Display:
Used to display the status of the system, including sensor
readings and alerts.
7. Wi-Fi Module (Optional for IoT):
For advanced systems, a Wi-Fi or GSM module can be included
to send notifications to users’ smartphones or other devices.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
The following software is required to operate the Smoke
and Fire Detector system:
1. Arduino IDE:
The primary development environment used for
writing and uploading code to the microcontroller.
It supports C/C++ and is essential for the system’s
operation.
2. Libraries:
o MQ2/MQ7 Sensor Library: For reading smoke

and gas sensor values.


o DHT Library: For interfacing with the DHT

temperature and humidity sensors.


o LiquidCrystal Library: For controlling the LCD

screen.
o ESP8266WiFi Library (optional for IoT

functionality): For connecting the system to


the internet to send alerts or monitor data
remotely.
3. Simulation Software (optional):
o Proteus or Tinkercad: These tools can be used

for simulating the circuit and testing the


system before actual implementation.
4. Database Management System (Optional):
o MySQL: If implementing a cloud-based data

storage system for logging sensor data over


time.
PROJECT DESIGN
The design of the Smoke and Fire Detector involves both hardware
and software components that work together to provide effective
monitoring and alerting. The overall system can be broken down into
the following design steps:

1. Sensor Interface

Sensors are interfaced with the microcontroller. The smoke,


temperature, and gas sensors are connected to the analog pins of the
microcontroller for data acquisition. A threshold value for each
sensor is predefined in the software to trigger alerts.

2. Data Processing and Decision Making

The microcontroller continuously reads sensor data and compares it


against the threshold values. When the values exceed a preset
threshold (indicating smoke, fire, or gas presence), the
microcontroller triggers an alarm.

3. User Interface and Display

An LCD or LED display is used to show real-time data from the


sensors. The display also shows messages such as "Smoke Detected,"
"Fire Detected," and "Normal Status."

4. Alarm System

Once the threshold is breached, an audible alarm (buzzer) is


activated. For more advanced systems, an SMS alert or push
notification could be sent to a user’s mobile phone.

5. IoT Integration (Optional)

For remote monitoring, a Wi-Fi or GSM module can be added to send


sensor data to the cloud, enabling real-time monitoring and alerts.
SOURCE CODE
Below is an example of the source code for an Arduino-based Smoke and Fire Detector system
using the MQ-2 sensor, DHT22 temperature sensor, and an LCD display.

#include <MQ2.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <DHT.h>

// Pin configuration
int smokePin = A0; // MQ-2 smoke sensor pin
int tempPin = 2; // DHT22 sensor pin
int buzzerPin = 8; // Buzzer pin
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2); // LCD initialization
DHT dht(tempPin, DHT22); // DHT22 sensor object
MQ2 smokeSensor(smokePin); // Smoke sensor object
void setup() {
lcd.begin(16, 2); // Initialize LCD
dht.begin(); // Initialize DHT sensor
pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT); // Set buzzer pin as output
lcd.print("Fire Detector System");
delay(2000); // Show initial message for 2 seconds}
void loop() {
float temp = dht.readTemperature(); // Get temperature reading
int smokeLevel = smokeSensor.read(); // Get smoke sensor value
// Display sensor readings on LCD
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Temp: ");
lcd.print(temp);
lcd.print(" C");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Smoke: ");
lcd.print(smokeLevel);
// Check if smoke level exceeds threshold
if (smokeLevel > 300 || temp > 50) { // Threshold for smoke and
temperature
digitalWrite(buzzerPin, HIGH); // Trigger buzzer
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("ALERT! FIRE DETECTED!");
} else
{digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW); // Turn off buzzer }
delay(1000); // Delay before next reading}
OUTPUT SCREEN
The output screen, displayed on an LCD or LED display, will show real-time sensor
readings such as:

1. Temperature (in Celsius or Fahrenheit)


2. Smoke Level (normalized value based on the sensor)
3. Status ("Normal", "Fire Detected", "Smoke Detected")

Example display:

Temp: 26.5 C

Smoke: 150

0r if the system detects fire

ALERT! FIRE DETECTED!


CONCLUSION
The Smoke and Fire Detector system presented in
this thesis is an effective solution to early fire
detection in both residential and industrial
settings. The integration of sensors such as smoke,
temperature, and gas sensors, along with
microcontroller-based data processing, provides a
reliable and efficient system. The use of IoT
technology enables remote monitoring and alerts,
making it suitable for modern smart homes and
workplaces. Future improvements could include
adding camera systems for visual confirmation,
expanding the database for historical data, and
integrating advanced machine learning algorithms
to reduce false alarms.
REFERENCES:
 "Fire Detection Systems," by P. L. R. S. Kumar and S. K.
Saha, International Journal of Engineering and Technology,
2020.

 "Arduino: A Quick-Start Guide," by John Boxall, Maker


Media, 2016.

 "MQ2 Sensor Data Sheet," Figaro Engineering Inc., 2021.

 "DHT22 Temperature and Humidity Sensor Datasheet,"


Adafruit Industries, 2020.

 "Wireless Communication in Fire Detection Systems," by V.


Prabhakar and R. K. Sharma, IEEE Transactions on
Industrial Applications, 2018.

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