E. coli - dark center with green metallic sheen: Lactose-fermenting coliforms, such as Escherichia coli, produce blue-black colonies with a green metallic sheen due to the amide bonding of the dyes in an acid condition.
Blood agar is a general purpose, enriched medium often used to grow fastidious organisms and to differentiate bacteria based on their hemolytic properties. While chocolate agar is also used in cultivation of fastidious microorganisms, it particularly focuses on Haemophilus and Neisseria species. On the other hand, MacConkey agar is used for the isolation of gram-negative enteric bacteria. It is used in the differentiation of lactose fermenting from lactose non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria. Lastly, Mannitol Salt Agar is used for the selective isolation and differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical samples. Haemophilus spp. Cannot grow on SBA because of the NADase that is present in this medium, this NADase inhibits NAD that is needed by Haemophilus spp. For its growth. However, on some instances, on SBA it exhibits satellitism around S. aureus because S. aureus releases NAD so Haemophilus will form tiny clear pinpoint colonies around S. aureus.
TCBS is the SELECTIVE MEDIA for Vibrio spp., while alkaline peptone water is also used to isolate Vibrio spp. It is an ENRICHMENT MEDIA.
Regan-Lowe is selective for B. pertussis
BCYE – is an enrichment medium for Legionella spp
Alkaline peptone water is the ENRICHMENT MEDIA used to recover Vibrio spp. From stool
The antibiotics used in MTM is: Vancomycin, Colistin, Nystatin, and Trimethoprim
Martin-Lewis Agar: Vancomycin, Colistin, Anisomycin, and Trimethoprim
HE agar and XLD agar is a selective and differential medium used to isolate Salmonella and Shigella in stool. While Gram-negative broth is an enriched and selective medium used to isolate Salmonella and Shigella from stools and rectal swabs. On the other hand, Sorbitol MAC is a selective medium used to isolate E. coli O157:H7
K/A: alkaline slant (red)/acidic butt (yellow) = glucose fermentation only
If –with gas: it indicates formation of CO2 AND H2 there is also bubbles or cracks in the agar
E. coli is A/A with gas
MAC, SBA, and EMB are culture mediums used to cultivate E. coli while TCBS is used to isolate Vibrio spp
The reaction of Salmonella in the following enteric media:
HE agar: green with dark center
XLD agar: red with dark center
SS agar: colorless with dark center
Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) is used as a selective and differential medium for the isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical and non-clinical specimens.
Organisms Results Staphylococcus aureus Yellow colonies with yellow zones. Staphylococci other than S. aureus Colorless or Red colonies with red zones. (e.g. Staphylococcus epidermidis ) Streptococci No growth to trace growth. Micrococci Large white to orange. Gram-negative bacteria No growth to trace growth.
Gas production: presence of bubbles or cracks in the agar that indicates the production of gas
H2S (+): presence of H2 and the medium becomes black
Ferments glucose: K/A reaction
Non-fermenter: K/K reaction
S. agalactiae, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa are all b-hemolytic while S. pneumoniae is a-hemolytic.
Broth medium is an example of liquid medium without the agar that contains tryptone, yeast powder, and other ingredients.
General media, aka general-purpose media or basal media, is a simple media that support the growth of most non-fastidious bacteria.
Selective media contain ingredients that inhibit the growth of some organisms but allow others to grow. Brain Heart Infusion, Thioglycollate, and Trypticase Soy Broth are examples of liquid medium while Sulphur indole motility medium is a semi-solid medium.
CNA, PEA, and SMAC are selective media while BCYE is an enrichment medium.
Enrichment media refers to the liquid media that INHIBITS the growth of unwanted bacteria. Organism Type Colony characteristics
Lactose E. coli gives flat, dry, pink, non-mucoid colonies with a surrounding Escherichia coli fermenter darker pink area of precipitated bile salts.
Lactose Colonies typically appear large, mucoid, and pink, with pink-red Klebsiella spp fermenter pigment usually diffusing into the surrounding agar
Enterobacter Lactose Pink, mucoid colonies but smaller than Klebsiella spp. spp fermenter
Serratia spp Late lactose S. marcescens may be red-pigmented, especially if the plate is left at fermenter 25°C
Since the colony of the bacterium became pink upon cultivation it is a lactose-fermenter
Non-lactose fermenter will appear as colorless
The reaction of Salmonella in the following enteric media:
