Fill in the blanks.

a. A Database is an organized collection of data.

b. A DBMS is a software package that can be
used for creating and managing databases.
c. A RDBMS is a database management system
that is based on the relational model.
d. Three popular DBMS software
are Oracle, IBM DB2, &Microsoft SQL
Server.
e. A table is a set of data elements that is
organized using a model of vertical columns and
horizontal rows.
f. A column is a set of data values of a
particular simple type, one for each row of the
table.
g. A row/record/tuple represents a single, data
item in a table.
h. Datatypes are used to identify which type of
data we are going to store in the database.
i. A primary key is a unique value that
identifies a row in a table.
j. Types of languages used for creating and
manipulating the data in the Database
are DDL&DML.
k. A DDL is a standard for commands that define
the different structures ina database.
l. A DML is a language that enables users to
access and manipulate data in adatabase.
m.A query language is a part of DML involving
information retrieval only.
n. A popular data manipulation language is SQL.
o. Common DDL statements
are CREATE, ALTER, and DROP.
p. Tables are the basic building blocks of a
database.
q. A form helps the user to systematically store
information in the database.
r. A form enables users to view, enter, and
change data directly in database objects such as
tables.
s. To create a form, you need to
select Forms option available under Database
section.
t. A query is helps to collect specific
information from the pool of data in the
database.
u. SELECT statement retrieves zero or more
rows from one or more database tables
ordatabase views.
v. INSERT statement is used to add one or more
records to a database.
w. UPDATE statement is used for modifying
records in a database.
x. DELETE statement is used to remove one or
more records in a database.
y. CREATE statement is used for creating a
database or a table in any RDBMS Software.
z. A report is used to generate the overall work
outcome in a clear format.
aa. To create reports, you need to select Use
Wizard to Create Report option available
 under Tasks.
2. Short answer type questions.
a. What is database?
A database is an organized collection of data.
You can visualize it as a container of
information. The data is typically organized to
model relevant aspects of reality. The database
concept has evolved since the 1960s to ease
increasing difficulties in designing, building, and
maintaining complex information systems
(typically with many concurrent end-users, and
with a large amount of diverse data).
b. Name any five popular DBMS Software?
· Oracle
● IBM DB2,
· Microsoft SQL Server,
●Microsoft Access,
· PostgreSQL,
●MySQL,
· FoxPro,
●SQLite
c. Explain table in database.
A table is a set of data elements that is
organized using a model of vertical columns and
horizontal rows. A table has a defined number of
columns, but can have any number of rows. Each
row is identified by the values appearing in a
particular column identified as a unique key
index or the key field.
d. What is column?
 Or
Explain Field.
A column or Field is a set of data values of a
particular simple type, one for each row of the
table. The columns provide the structure
according to which the rows are composed. For
example, cFirstName, or cLastName are fields in
a row.
e. Explain Rows.
Or
What are tuples?
Or
Define Records.
A row also called a record or tuple represents a
single, data item in a table. In simple terms, a
database table can be visualized as consisting of
rows and columns or fields. Each row in a table
represents a set of related data, and every row
in the table has the same structure.

f. What is Primary key?

Or
Explain PK.
A primary key is a unique value that identifies a
row in a table. Primary Keys are also indexed in
the database, making it faster for the database
to search for a record.
g. What is Foreign key?
Or
Explain FK.
 The referred Primary key which occurs in other
table is called the foreign key (FK). Hence, the
foreign key identifies a column or set of columns
in one (referencing) table that refers to a column
or set of columns in another (referenced) table.
h. State the relationship and difference
between a primary and foreign key.
A primary key is a unique value that identifies a
row in a table where foreign key is the referred
primary key in another table.
The “one” side of a relation is always the parent,
and provides the PK attributes to be copied. The
“many” sides of a relation are always the child,
into which the FK attributes are copied.
i. What is Forms in Database
A form provides the user a systematic way of
storing information into the database. It is an
interface in a user specified layout that lets
users to view, enter, and change data directly in
database objects such as tables.
j. Explain Reports in Database.
A report is used to generate the overall work
outcome in a clear format. You can also create
reports in database.
k. What is database sever?
Database servers are dedicated computers that
hold the actual databases and run only the
DBMS and related software. Typically, databases
available on the database servers are accessed
through command line or graphic user interface
 tools referred to as Frontends; database servers
are referred to as Back-ends. Such type of data
access is referred to as a client-server model.
l. Explain CREATE Statement with syntax.
Create statement is used for creating a database
or a table in any RDBMS Software. A commonly
used CREATE command is the CREATE TABLE
command. The general syntax of the create
statement is shown below.
CREATE TABLE <TABLENAME> ([column
definitions]) [table parameters]
m. Explain SELECT statement with Syntax
A SELECT statement retrieves zero or more
rows from one or more database tables or
database views. In most applications, SELECT is
the most commonly used Data Manipulation
Language (DML) command.
The SELECT statement has many optional
clauses:
• WHERE specifies which rows to retrieve.
• ORDER BY specifies an order in which to
return the rows.
To retrieve all the columns in a table the syntax
is:
SELECT * FROM <TABLENAME>;
n. What is INSERT Statement Explain with
syntax.
INSERT statement is used to add one or more
records to a database. The general syntax of the
insert statement is shown below.
 INSERT INTO <table_name><column1,
column2, column3...> VALUES <value1, value2,
value3 ...>;
o. Explain UPDATE statement with syntax.
Update statement is used for modifying records
in a database. The general syntax of the update
statement is as follows:
UPDATE <table_name> SET <column_name> =
value [, column_name = value ...] [WHERE
<condition>]
p. Explain DELETE statement with Syntax.
Delete Statement is used to remove one or more
records in a database. The general syntax of the
delete statement is as follows:
DELETE FROM <table_name> [WHERE]
<condition>;
3. What is Database Management System?
Explain any three DBMS Software.
Or
Explain DBMS. Explain the two types of
data organization in DBMS.
A database management system(DBMS) is a
software package with computer programs that
controls thecreation, maintenance, and use of a
database. It allows organizations to conveniently
developdatabases for various applications. A
database is an integrated collection of data
records, files,and other objects. A DBMS allows
different user application programs to
concurrently access thesame database.
 Well known DBMS Software are Oracle, IBM
DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access.
Data can be organized into two types:
• Flat File: Data is stored in a single table.
Usually suitable for less amount of data.
• Relational: Data is stored in multiple tables and
the tables are linked using a common
field.Relational is suitable for medium to large
amount of data.
4. What is RDBMS?
A relational database management system
(RDBMS) is a database management system that
is based on the relational model as introduced by
E. F. Codd.
In this model all data is represented in term of
tuples/rows &columns, grouped into
relations/tables. A database organized in terms
of the relational model is a relational database.
The purpose of the relational model is to provide
a declarative method for specifying data and
queries: users directly state what information
the database contains and what information they
want from it, and let the database management
system software take care of describing data
structures for storing the data and retrieval
procedures for answering queries.
Some RDBMS software are Oracle, MySQL, MS
Access, Open Office Base, Sybase.
5. Explain Manipulating Data in Database.
or
What do you mean by DDL and DML
commands?
or
What is DDL? Mention any two DDL
statements.
or
What is DML? Explain its type.
In a database you can define the structure of the
data and manipulate the data using some
commands. There are two types of languages for
this task. These are:
• Data Definition Language (DDL)
• Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Data Definition Language (DDL)
A data definition language or data description
language (DDL) is a standard for commands that
define the different structures in a database.
DDL statements create, modify, and remove
database objects such as tables, indexes, and
users. Common DDL statements are CREATE,
ALTER, and DROP.
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
A data manipulation language (DML) is a
language that enables users to access and
manipulate data in a database. The goal is to
provide efficient human interaction with the
system
• Retrieval of information from the database-
SELECT statement
• Insertion of new information into the database
- INSERT statement
 • Deletion of information in the database -
DELETE statement
• Modification of information in the database -
UPDATE statement
There are two types of DML:
• Procedural: The user specifies what data is
needed and how to get it
• Nonprocedural: The user only specifies what
data is needed. This is easier for the user but
may not generate code as efficient as that
produced by procedural languages.
6. Explain Datatypes in Database.
Datatypes are used to identify which type of data
(value) we are going to store in the database.
Fields themselves can be of different types
depending on the data they contain. Data types
in OpenOffice base is broadly classified into five
categories listed below.
• Numeric Types
• Alphanumeric Types
• Binary Types
• Date time
• Other Variable types
Numeric Types:
Numeric data types are used for describing
numeric values for the field used in the table of
database. Numeric data types in a database can
be using for storing information such as mobile
number, roll number, door number, year of
school admission.
· INTEGER Integer Store integer
range between -2 to +2 -1
31 31
· BIGINT Big Integer
Range between -263 to +263-1
· DECIMAL
Decimal Maximum
precision of e(+/-)231
· DOUBLE
Double 2-1074 to (2-2-
52
)* 21023
Alphanumeric Types:
· LONGVARCHAR Memo
Stores up to the max length or
number indicated by user.
· CHAR Text
(fix) Stores exactly the length
specifiedby user.
· VARCHAR Text
Stores up to the specified length.
Nopadding
Binary Types:
Binary data types are used for storing data in
binary formats. Binary data types in a database
can
be using for storing photos, music files, etc.
· LONGVARBINARY Image
Stores any array of bytes (images, sounds, etc.).
Novalidation required.
· BINARY Binary (fix)
Stores any array of bytes. No validation
required.
· VARBINARY Binary
Stores any array of bytes. No validation
required.
Date time:
Date time data types are used for describing
date and time values for the field used in the
table of
a database. Date time data types in a database
can be using for storing information such as date
of birth, date of admission, date of product sale,
etc.
· Date Stores month, day and year
information 1/1/99 to 1/1/9999
· Time Stores hour, minute and
second information Seconds since
1/1/1970
· Timestamp Stores date and time
information
Other Data Types:
· Other/Object Stores serialized
Java objects – user application must supply
serialization routines
7. Write command to create table named
‘BOOK ‘ with following fields:
BOOK ID Char(4)
BnameVarchar(15)
Author Varchar(20)
Price Decimal
Ans:
Create table BOOK ( BOOK_ID char(4), Bname
varchar(15), Author varchar(20),
 Price Decimal );

8. Write an SQL query to create a table

with the following structure.
Field Type
Emp_no Char(4)
Name Varchar(2
5)
Salary Float
Departme Varchar(1
nt 5)
Ans:
Create Table Employee(Emp_no Char(4), Name
Varchar(25), Salary Float, Department
Varchar(15));

9. Write SQL query to create the Table

Flight with the following structure :
Field Type
Flight_ID Char(4)
Flight_Nam Varchar(25
e )
Source Varchar(30
)
Destination Varchar(30
)
Ans:
 Create Table Flight(Flight_IDChar(4),
Flight_Name Varchar(25), Source Varchar(30),
Destination Varhcar(30));

10. Consider the following table and answer

the following.
ID Departme OPD_DAY Doctor_Na
nt S me
H20 ENT MWF Akaash
1 Arora
H30 Oncology TTS Dharma
8 Sharma
H90 Pediatrics MWF Sanjay Singh
7
(a) Identify suitable Primary Key from the
above table.
(b) Add a new record with the following data :
(‘H608’, ‘Cardiology’, ‘TTS’, ‘Vinita Wahi’)
(c) Write query to display records of those
Doctors whose OPD_DAYS are‘MWF’.
Ans: a) ID is the primary key from the above
table.
b) INSERT into <TableName> (ID,
Department, OPD_DAYS, Doctor_Name) VALUES
(‘H608’, ‘Cardiology’, ‘TTS’, ‘Vinita Wahi’);
c) SELECT * from <TableName>
WHERE OPD_DAYS =”MWF”;
11. Write the SQL commands to answer the
queries based on Fabric table
FabricI Fname Type Disc
D
 F001 Shirt Woolen 10
F002 Suit Cotton 20
F003 Tunic Cotton 10
F004 Jeans Denim 5
F006 Shorts Cotton 7
a. To insert the following record
(“F005”, “Kurta”, “Woollen”,5)
b. To display only those fabric whose disc is
more than 10.
c. To display those records whose type is
“Woolen”.
d. To modify the fabric shirt by increasing
discount by 10.
e. To delete the record of fabric ‘F003’ from
table.
Ans:
a. insert into Fabric values (‘F005’, ‘Kurta’,
‘Woollen’,5);
b.: select * from Fabric where Disc>10;
c. select * from Fabric where type =
‘Woollen’;
d. update fabric set Disc =Disc + 10 where
Fname = ‘Shirt’;
e. delete from Fabric where
FabricID=‘F003’;
TRY YOURSELF
12. Write the answers based on the following
table:
Table: Manger
Deptn Deptnam Name City
o e
S101 Sales Pranjal Delhi
 Sharma
HR40 HR Preeti Chennai
4 Arora
P204 Purchase Sukhmee Bangalor
n Singh e
AD990 Admin Sukanya Mumbai
Kumar
a. Suggest a suitable data type for the
Deptname field.
b. Write a query to display all the records of
the table.
c. Add a new record with the following
details
(‘S106’, ‘Sales’, “Kritika Tuteja”,
“Delhi”).
13. Write the answers based on the following
table :
Table : Employee
EmpI Name DeptI Qualificatio Se
D D n x
1 Deepa 101 MCA F
li
Gupta
2 Rajat 101 BCA M
Tyagi
3 Hari 102 B.A M
Moha
n
4 Harry 102 M.A M
5 Sumit 103 B.Tech M
Mittal
 6 Jyoti 101 M.Tech F
a. Suggest a suitable data type for the field
Empid and Name in the table Employee.
b. Write a query to display all the records of
the table for deptid = 101.
c. Add a new record with the following
details :
(‘7’, ‘Chandan Makhija’, 102, ‘MCA’, ‘M’)