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1205 Math

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2 views5 pages

1205 Math

It seems you're referring to a course or topic related to **Math 1205**. Could you specify what you need help with? For example: - Are you looking for course content? - Assistance with a specific math problem? - Help understanding a particular concept? Let me know how I can assist!

Uploaded by

Sohel Hossain
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Show that if a set of rectangular axes be turned through an angle about the origin, then the

expression 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒉𝒙𝒚 + 𝒃𝒚𝟐 transformed to the form 𝒂′𝒙′𝟐 + 𝒃′𝒚′𝟐 in a new co-ordinate if
( ).
Solution:
The 𝑥𝑦 term will be removed from the given expression if ℎ′ = 0
𝑖, 𝑒; −{(𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − ℎ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃)} = 0
⇒ (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − ℎ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃) = 0
⇒ (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = ℎ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃)
⇒ 2(𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 2ℎ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃)
⇒ (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 = 2ℎ𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃

Hence if the axes are rotated about the origin through an angle then the 𝑥𝑦 term from the
expression 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 will be removed.
Transform the equation 𝟏𝟕𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝒚 − 𝟕𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙 − 𝟑𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟎 to one in which there is no
term involving 𝒙,𝒚, 𝒙𝒚 both sets of axes being rectangular.
Solution:
Given equation is 17x2 + 18xy − 7y2 − 16x − 32y − 18 = 0 ………………….(𝑖)
To remove and terms shift the origin at (𝛼, 𝛽) without change of direction of the axes.
Put 𝑥 = 𝛼 + 𝑥′ and 𝑦 = 𝛽 + 𝑦′
Putting the values of and in (𝑖), we get
17(𝛼 + 𝑥′)2 + 18(𝛼 + 𝑥′)(𝛽 + 𝑦′) − 7(𝛽 + 𝑦′)2 − 16(𝛼 + 𝑥′) − 32(𝛽 + 𝑦′) − 18 = 0
⇒ 17(𝑥′2 + 2𝛼𝑥′ + 𝛼2) + 18(𝛼𝛽 + 𝛼𝑦′ + 𝛽𝑥′ + 𝑥′𝑦′) − 7(𝑦′2 + 2𝛽𝑦′ + 𝛽2) − 16(𝛼 + 𝑥′)
− 32(𝛽 + 𝑦′) − 18 = 0
⇒ 17𝑥′2 + 34𝛼𝑥′ + 17𝛼2 + 18𝛼𝛽 + 18𝛼𝑦′ + 18𝛽𝑥′ + 18𝑥′𝑦′ − 7𝑦′2 − 14𝛽𝑦′ − 7𝛽2 − 16𝛼
− 16𝑥′ − 32𝛽 − 32𝑦′ − 18 = 0
⇒ 17𝑥′2 − 7𝑦′2 + (34𝛼 + 18𝛽 − 16)𝑥′ + (18𝛼 − 14𝛽 − 32)𝑦′ + 17𝛼2 − 7𝛽2 − 16𝛼 − 32𝛽
+ 18𝛼𝛽 + 18𝑥′𝑦′ − 18 = 0 … … . (𝑖𝑖)
To remove and terms
Put 34𝛼 + 18𝛽 − 16 = 0 and 18𝛼 − 14𝛽 − 32 = 0
Now solving these equations we get
∴ 𝛼 = 1 and 𝛽 = −1
Putting the values of and in (𝑖𝑖), we get
⇒ 17𝑥′2 − 7𝑦′2 + (34.1 + 18(−1) − 16)𝑥′ + (18(−1) − 16.1 − 32)𝑦′ + 17(1)2 − 7(−1)2
− 16.1 − 32(−1) + 18.1.(−1) + 18𝑥′𝑦′ − 18 = 0
⇒ 17𝑥′2 + 18𝑥′𝑦′ − 7𝑦′2 + 0 + 0 + 17 − 7 − 16 + 32 − 18 − 18 = 0
⇒ 17𝑥′2 + 18𝑥′𝑦′ − 7𝑦′2 = 10
Now removing suffixes the equation referred to new axes is
17𝑥2 + 18𝑥𝑦 − 7𝑦2 = 10
Remove the 𝑥𝑦 term, we get
a′x2 + b′y2 − 10 = 0 … … … … … … … … … … … (iii)
where 𝑎 = 17, 𝑏 = −7,ℎ = 9
We know, 𝑎′ + 𝑏′ = 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 17 − 7 = 10
∴ 𝑎′ + 𝑏′ = 10
𝑎 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏 − ℎ2 = −119 − 81 = −200
′ ′

(𝑎′ − 𝑏′)2 = (𝑎′ + 𝑏′)2 − 4𝑎′𝑏′


= 100 + 800
= 900
∴ 𝑎′ − 𝑏′ = 30
Now solving 𝑎′ + 𝑏′ = 10 and 𝑎′ − 𝑏′ = 30 we get
𝑎′ = 20, 𝑏′ = −10
Putting the values 𝑎′ and 𝑏′ in (𝑖𝑖𝑖), we get
20 x2 − 10 y2 − 10 = 0
∴ 2 x2 − y2 − 1 = 0

If two straight lines represented by the equation


makes an angle and with axis respectively, then show that

Solution:
Given equation
Since the two lines represented by the equation makes an angle and with axis.
So their equation are
and
. Find the equation of the circle whose diameter is the common chord of the circles
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 and 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟐 = 𝟎.
Solution:
The given circles are
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 1 = 0 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . … … (𝑖)
and
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2 = 0 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . (𝑖𝑖)
The equation of the common chord of the given circles is
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 1 − 𝑥2 − 𝑦2 − 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 2 = 0
⇒ −2𝑥 − 1 =0
⇒ 2𝑥 + 1 = 0 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
The equation of any circle whose passes through the point of intersection of (𝑖𝑖𝑖) and (𝑖) is
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 1 + 𝜆(2𝑥 + 1) = 0 … … … … … … … … … … … . . (𝑖𝑣)
⇒ 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 2(1 + 𝜆)𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝜆 + 1 = 0
The centre of this circle is at . If the common chord is a diameter then
lie on it
∴ 2(−1 − 𝜆) + 1 = 0

Putting the value of in (𝑖𝑣), we get


1

⇒ 2(𝑥2 + 𝑦2) + 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 1 = 0

which is the required circle.

The straight line 𝐥𝐱 + 𝐦𝐲 = 𝟏 meets the line 𝐚𝐱𝟐 + 𝟐𝐡𝐱𝐲 + 𝐛𝐲𝟐 = 𝟎 & the point P &
Q show that the equation of the circle described on QP as diameter is
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐)(𝒂𝒎𝟐 − 𝟐𝒉𝒍𝒎 + 𝒃𝒍𝟐) − 𝟐𝒙(𝒃𝒍 − 𝒉𝒎) − 𝟐𝒚(𝒂𝒎 − 𝒉𝒍) + (𝒂 + 𝒃) = 𝟎 ∙
Solution: Let ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 represent two straight lines,
y − m1x = 0 ………… (i) and y
− m2x = 0………… (ii)

Then,

we have, lx + my = 1 … … … … … … … (iii)
using (i) & (iii), we get
lx + my − 1 = 0
or
Now from (i) we get
Hence the point of intersection of (i) & (iii) is

Similarly the point of intersection of (ii) & (iii) is

The equation of the circle described on QP as diameter is

The general equation of all circles passing through the two points (𝑥1, 𝑦1) and (𝑥2,
𝑦2) is (𝑥 − 𝑥1)(𝑥 − 𝑥2) + (𝑦 − 𝑦1)(𝑦 − 𝑦2) = 0.

⇒ (𝑏𝑙2 − 2ℎ𝑙𝑚 + 𝑎𝑚2)(𝑥2 + 𝑦2) − 2(𝑏𝑙 − ℎ𝑚)𝑥 − 2(𝑚𝑎 − ℎ𝑙)𝑦 + 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0


⇒ (𝑥2 + 𝑦2)(𝑎𝑚2 − 2ℎ𝑙𝑚 + 𝑏𝑙2) − 2𝑥(𝑏𝑙 − ℎ𝑚) − 2𝑦(𝑎𝑚 − ℎ𝑙) + (𝑎 + 𝑏) = 0
what do you mean by transformation of coordinates?
The process of converting the coordinates in a map or image from one coordinate
system to another, typically through rotation and scaling.
define homogeneous equation of degree n
A differential equation of the form f(x,y)dy = g(x,y)dx is said to be homogeneous
differential equation if the degree of f(x,y) and g(x, y) is same. A function of form
F(x,y) which can be written in the form kn F(x,y) is said to be a homogeneous
function of degree n, for k≠0. Hence, f and g are the homogeneous functions of
the same degree of x and y. Here, the change of variable y = ux directs to an
equation of the form; dx/x = h(u) du

define chord of contact of a circle


The chord of a circle can be defined as the line segment joining any two points on
the circumference of the circle. It should be noted that the diameter is the longest
chord of a circle which passes through the center of the circle. The figure below
depicts a circle and its chord.
In the given circle with ‘O’ as the center, AB represents the diameter of the circle (longest
chord), ‘OE’ denotes the radius of the circle and CD represents a chord of the circle.

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