Chemistry Reference Tables

Name Avogadros number Value 6.022 1023 particles/mole 0.0821 L atm mole K L mmHg 62.4 mole K 8.314 L kPa mole K 1.00 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760. mmHg = 760. torr 0C or 273K 22.4 L Symbol Value

Gas constant (R)

Standard pressure Standard temperature Volume of 1 mole of any gas at STP Thermodynamic Constants

Heat of fusion of water Heat of vaporization of water

H f (water) Hv (water)

334 J/g 2,260 J/g

Specific heat of water

C p (water)

Metal

Specific Heat

J gC

Density (g/cm3)

Melting Point (C)

Aluminum Copper Gold Iron Lead Magnesium Mercury Nickel Titanium Zinc

0.897 0.385 0.129 0.449 0.129 1.023 0.140 0.444 0.523 0.388

2.702 8.92 19.31 7.86 11.3437 1.74 13.5939 8.90 4.5 7.14

660 1083 1064 1535 328 649 39 1455 1660 420

NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 2006 form A-v1)

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Organic Substances
Name Density Melting Point (C) Boiling Point (C)

Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) Glucose (C6H12O6) Hexane (C6H14) Methane (CH4) Methanol (CH3OH)
Sucrose (C12H22O11)

0.7893 g/cm 3 1.54 g/cm 3 0.6603 g/cm 3 0.716 g/L

119

79 Decompose 69

86
95

182
94 86

164
65 Decompose

Inorganic Substances
Name
*Density @ STP

Melting Point (C)

Boiling Point (C)

Chlorine Hydrogen Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen sulfide Nitrogen

3.21 g/L 0.0899 g/L 1.640 g/L 1.54 g/L 1.25 g/L 1.34 g/L 1.43 g/L 2.532 g/cm 3 2.165 g/cm 3 2.92 g/L 1.00 g/cm 3

101

35

259
115 85

253
85 61

210
164 218 851 801
73

196
152 183 Decomposes 1413 10 100

Oxygen Sodium carbonate Sodium chloride Sulfur dioxide

NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 2006 form A-v1)

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Formulas
D= m V

D = density

K = C + 273
PV1 PV 1 = 2 2 T1 T2 Pt = P1 + P2 + P3 + ... M1V1 = M2V2
PV = nRT

m = mass
V = volume

K = Kelvin
P = pressure R = gas constant T = temperature

M = moles of solute liters of solution

q = mCpT q = mHv q = mH f

M = molarity n = number of moles q = quantity of heat energy Cp = specific heat Hv = heat of vaporization H f = heat of fusion K w = equilibrium constant for
the ionization of water

pH + pOH = 14
pH = log[H +] pOH = log[OH ] K w = [H +][OH ] = 1 1014
[H +] = 10 pH [OH ] = 10pOH

NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 2006 form A-v1)

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PERIODIC TABLE
1 IA
1 H
Hydrogen

1.008 3 Li
Lithium

2 IIA
4 Be
Beryllium

6.941 11 Na
Sodium

9.012 12 Mg
Magnesium

22.99 19 K
Potassium

24.31 20 Ca
Calcium

3 IIIB
21 Sc
Scandium

4 IVB
22 Ti
Titanium

5 VB
23 V
Vanadium

6 VIB
24 Cr
Chromium

7 VIIB
25 Mn
Manganese

8 VIIIB
26 Fe
Iron

9 VIIIB
27 Co
Cobalt

39.10 37 Rb
Rubidium

40.08 38 Sr
Strontium

44.96 39 Y
Yttrium

47.88 40 Zr
Zirconium

50.94 41 Nb
Niobium

51.99 42 Mo
Molybdenum

54.94 43 Tc
Technetium

55.85 44 Ru
Ruthenium

58.93 45 Rh
Rhodium

85.47 55 Cs
Cesium

87.62 56 Ba
Barium

88.91 57 La
Lanthanum

91.22 72 Hf
Hafnium

92.91 73 Ta
Tantalum

95.94 74 W
Tungsten

(98) 75 Re
Rhenium

101.07 76 Os
Osmium

102.91 77 Ir
Iridium

132.91 87 Fr
Francium

137.38 88 Ra
Radium

138.91 89 Ac
Actinium

178.49 104 Rf
Rutherfordium

180.95 105 Db
Dubnium

183.84 106 Sg
Seaborgium

186.21 107 Bh
Bohrium

190.23 108 Hs
Hassium

192.22 109 Mt
Meitnerium

(223)

(226)

(227)

(261)

(262)

(263)

(264)

(269)

(268)

58 Ce
Cerium

59 Pr
Praseodymium

60 Nd
Neodymium

61 Pm
Promethium

62 Sm
Samarium

63 Eu
Europium

64 Gd
Gadolinium

140.12 90 Th
Thorium

140.91 91 Pa
Protactinium

144.24 92 U
Uranium

(145) 93 Np
Neptunium

150.36 94 Pu
Plutonium

151.96 95 Am
Americium

157.25 96 Cm
Curium

232.04

231.04

238.04

(237)

(244)

(243)

(247)

NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 2006 form A-v1)

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OF THE ELEMENTS
18 VIIIA 13 IIIA
5 B
Boron

14 IVA
6 C
Carbon

15 VA
7 N
Nitrogen

16 VIA
8 O
Oxygen

17 VIIA
9 F
Fluorine

2 He
Helium

4.003 10 Ne
Neon

10.81 13 Al
Aluminum

12.01 14 Si
Silicon

14.01 15 P
Phosphorus

16.00 16 S
Sulfur

19.00 17 Cl
Chlorine

20.18 18 Ar
Argon

10 VIIIB
28 Ni
Nickel

11 IB
29 Cu
Copper

12 IIB
30 Zn
Zinc

26.98 31 Ga
Gallium

28.09 32 Ge
Germanium

30.97 33 As
Arsenic

32.07 34 Se
Selenium

35.45 35 Br
Bromine

39.95 36 Kr
Krypton

58.69 46 Pd
Palladium

63.55 47 Ag
Silver

65.39 48 Cd
Cadmium

69.72 49 In
Indium

72.61 50 Sn
Tin

74.92 51 Sb
Antimony

78.96 52 Te
Tellurium

79.90 53 I
Iodine

83.80 54 Xe
Xenon

106.42 78 Pt
Platinum

107.87 79 Au
Gold

112.41 80 Hg
Mercury

114.82 81 Tl
Thallium

118.71 82 Pb
Lead

121.76 83 Bi
Bismuth

127.60 84 Po
Polonium

126.90 85 At
Astatine

131.29 86 Rn
Radon

195.08 110 Ds
Darmstadtium

196.97 111 Rg
Roentgenium

200.59 112 Uub

204.38

207.2

208.98

(209)

(210)

(222)

(271)

(272)

(277)

65 Tb
Terbium

66 Dy
Dysprosium

67 Ho
Holmium

68 Er
Erbium

69 Tm
Thulium

70 Yb
Ytterbium

71 Lu
Lutetium

158.93 97 Bk
Berkelium

162.50 98 Cf
Californium

164.93 99 Es
Einsteinium

167.26 100 Fm
Fermium

168.93 101 Md
Mendelevium

173.04 102 No
Nobelium

174.97 103 Lr
Lawrencium

(247)

(251)

(252)

(257)

(258)

(254)

(262)

NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 2006 form A-v1)

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SOLUBILITY RULES Soluble: All Nitrates, Acetates, Ammonium, and Group 1 (IA) salts All Chlorides, Bromides, and Iodides, except Silver, Lead, and Mercury(I) All Fluorides except Group 2 (IIA), Lead(II), and Iron(III) All Sulfates except Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Mercury, Lead(II), and Silver Insoluble (0.10 M or greater): All Carbonates and Phosphates except Group 1 (IA) and Ammonium All Hydroxides except Group 1 (IA), Strontium, Barium, and Ammonium All Sulfides except Group 1 (IA), 2 (IIA), and Ammonium All Oxides except Group 1 (IA)

Guidelines for Predicting the Products of Selected Types of Chemical Reaction Key: M = Metal NM = Nonmetal 1. SYNTHESIS: a. Formation of binary compound: A + B AB b. Metal oxide-water reactions: MO + H2O base c. Nonmetal oxide-water reactions: (NM)O + H2O acid DECOMPOSITION: a. Binary compounds: AB A + B b. Metallic carbonates: MCO3 MO + CO2 c. Metallic hydrogen carbonates: MHCO3 MO+ H2O(l) + CO2(g) d. Metallic hydroxides: MOH MO + H2O e. Metallic chlorates: MClO3 MCl + O2 f. Oxyacids decompose to nonmetal oxides and water: acid (NM)O + H2O SINGLE REPLACEMENT: a. Metal-metal replacement: A + BC AC + B b. Active metal replaces H from water: M + H2O MOH + H2 c. Active metal replaces H from acid: M + HX MX + H2 d. Halide-Halide replacement: D + BC BD + C DOUBLE REPLACEMENT: AB + CD AD + CB a. Formation of a precipitate from solution b. Acid-Base neutralization reaction COMBUSTION REACTION Hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

2.

3.

4.

5.

NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 2006 form A-v1)

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ACTIVITY SERIES of Halogens: F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 NH

Polyatomic Ions Ammonium Bromate Cyanide Acetate Perchlorate Chlorate Chlorite Hypochlorite Iodate
4

BrO

CN C2H3O2 (CH3COO)
ClO4 ClO3

ACTIVITY SERIES of Metals Li Rb K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb [ H2 ] Sb Bi Cu Hg Ag Pt Au

ClO2 ClO IO3

MnO NO
3 NO2

Permanganate Nitrate Nitrite Hydroxide Hydrogen carbonate Hydrogen sulfate Thiocyanate Carbonate Dichromate Chromate Sulfate Sulfite Phosphate

OH
HCO3 HSO4

Replace hydrogen from steam

SCN 2 CO3
2 Cr2O7

CrO
Replace hydrogen from acids

2 4

SO SO

2 4 2 3 3 4

PO
React with oxygen to form oxides

NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 2006 form A-v1)

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Bohr Model for Hydrogen Atom (measurement in nanometers) n=6 n=5 n=4 n=3 n=2

n=1

UV = Ultraviolet IR = Infrared

1282 1875 IR 1094

656 434 486 410 Visible

122 97 103 UV

Electromagnetic Spectrum
(measurement in meters) 104 103 102 101 100 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 10 10 10 11 10 12 10 13 Microwaves Infrared Radio waves X rays Ultraviolet Gamma rays

Longer Wavelength Visible Light Red Orange Yellow Green Blue

Shorter Wavelength

Violet 4.2107 4.0107

7.0107 6.5107

5.9107 5.7107

4.9107

NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 2006 form A-v1) Stock No. 10569

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