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Experiment 5

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5 views6 pages

Experiment 5

Uploaded by

ozgur yıldırım
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL

TITRATION OF A WEAK ACID


(VINEGAR ANALYSIS)

REAGENTS and MATERIALS

- Buret
- Erlenmeyer flask
- Two brands of vinegar sample
- Standardized NaOH solution
- Phenolpthalein indicator

CAUTIONS

- Handle each of the solutions with care.


- Read the Lab Safety section for instructions in handling acids and
bases.
- Do not smell non of the solutions, they are all irritants.

PURPOSE

● To determine the percent by mass of acetic acid in vinegar sample.

INTRODUCTION AND THEORY

Household vinegar is a 4 to 5 percent (by mass) acetic acid, CH3COOh,


solution. Generallly, caramel flavoring and coloring are also added to make
the product sell better.
The percent by mass of acetic acid in vinegar is determined by titrating a
measured mass of vinegar to a phenolphthalein end point with a
measured volume of the standardized sodium hydroxide solution. The
moles of acetic acid are calculated from the balanced equation

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GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL

CH3COOH(aq) +NaOH(aq) → CH3COO-Na+ (aq) +H2O

Since the volume and molarity of the standardized NaOH solution are
known, the moles of NaOH used for the analysis are also known.
At the equivalance point in the titration, the number of moles of NaOH
equals the number of moles of CH3COOH. The mass of CH3COOH in the
vinegar is determined by the folloving equations

M CH3COOH xV CH3COOH =M NaOH xV NaOH

mol CH3COOH= M NaOH x V NaOH

grams of CH3COOH = mol CH3COOH x


Finally the precent by mass of CH3COOH in vinegar is calculated

Titration set up was given in the figure.

TITRA
NT

INDICATO

Figure: Experimental set-up for the titration procedure


EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Two samples of two vinegars are to be analyzed. At the beginning of the
laboratory period, obtain 10 mL of each vinegar in separate 10 mL
graduated cylinders.

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GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL

Clean at least two 125 mL or 250 mL erlenmeyer flasks. When dry, label
each flask and weigh.

1.Preparation of the vinegar sample


Add about 5 mL of one of the brands of vinegar to clean, previously-
weighed flask. Reweigh the flsak and the contents. Add 2 drops of
phenolphthalein to the solution and rinse the wall of the flask with 20 mL
of distilled water.
2.Prepare the Buret and Titration Setup.
Rinse a clean 50 mL buret with water first then with standardized
NaOH solution. Fill the buret with standardized NaOH solution,
eliminate air bubbles in the buret tip, read and record the initila
volume. Place a white white sheet of paper under the flask containing
the vinegar sample.
3.Titration
Slowly add the NaOH saolutioın from the buret to the acid, swirling the
flask after each addition. Occasionally rinse the wall of the flask with
water by using wash bottle. Continue addtion of the titrant until end
point is reached. The end point in the titration should be within one half
drop of a slight pink color. The color should stay for 30 seconds. After
30 seconds read and record the final volume of NaOH in the buret.
4.REPEAT THE TITRATION WITH THE SAME VINEGAR
5.REPEAT THE TITRATION WITH ANOTHER VINEGAR

PRE-EXPERIMENT ASSIGNMENT
ACIDS AND BASES

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GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL

1. What is indicator, how does it work?

2. An 18.6 mL volume of 0.154M NaOH is required to reach a


phenolphthalein enpoint in titrating 4.11 grams of vinegar. Calculate the
moles and grams of acetic acid in the vinegar sample.

3. Why phenolphthalein indicator was used for the titration? Discuss.

4. Why should you wait 30 seconds after dispensing the titrant to read its
volume in a buret.

Report Sheet
ACIDS AND BASES

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GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL

Student’s Name: Date:


Laboratory Section: Assistant’s name and signature:

Vinegar sample (1) Vinegar sample (2)


Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 1 Trial 2
1) Mass of flask (g)

2) Mass of flask and


vinegar (g)
3) Mass of vinegar

4) Final buret
reading(mL)
5) Initial buret
reading(mL)
6) Volume of NaOH
used (mL)
7) Molarity of NaOH

8) Moles of NaOH
added
9) Moles of CH3COOH in
vinegar
10) Mass of CH3COOH
in vinegar
11) Percent by mass of
CH3COOH in vinegar
12) Average percent by
mass of CH3COOH in
vinegar

QUESTIONS

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GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL

1. A drop of NaOH solution adheres to the side of the flask and is not
washed into the vinegar with the wash bottle. Does it cause any
error in percent acetic acid in vinegar? Comment on this.
2. Vineagar samples are weighed rather than volume of it measured.
Why?
3. If you measure the volume of the vinegar sample instead of weigh,
what additional data you need to find the percent by mass of
CH3COOH in the sample?
4. If too much indicator (mililiters of it) is added to the vinegar in the
flask, will the percent by mass of acetic acid be too high or low?
Explain.

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