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Matrix Operations Assignment

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18 views2 pages

Matrix Operations Assignment

Uploaded by

yoabumbila4
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Matrix Operations Assignment

Introduction
This assignment discusses the topic of matrix operations, focusing on addition, subtraction,
multiplication, transpose, inverse, solving simultaneous equations using matrices, and
Cramer’s Rule. Each concept is explained with examples and solutions.

1. Matrix Addition, Subtraction, and Multiplication


Matrix addition and subtraction involve adding or subtracting corresponding elements of
matrices of the same dimensions. Matrix multiplication is different; it requires the number
of columns in the first matrix to equal the number of rows in the second matrix.

Example 1: Addition and Subtraction


Given A = [[1, 3], [2, 4]] and B = [[5, 7], [6, 8]]:
- A + B = [[1+5, 3+7], [2+6, 4+8]] = [[6, 10], [8, 12]].
- A - B = [[1-5, 3-7], [2-6, 4-8]] = [[-4, -4], [-4, -4]].

Example 2: Multiplication
Given A = [[1, 2], [3, 4]] and B = [[2, 0], [1, 3]]:
- AB = [[(1*2+2*1), (1*0+2*3)], [(3*2+4*1), (3*0+4*3)]] = [[4, 6], [10, 12]].

2. Transpose and Inverse of Matrices


Transpose: Flipping a matrix over its diagonal.
Example: A = [[1, 2], [3, 4]], A^T = [[1, 3], [2, 4]].

Inverse: Only defined for square matrices where det(A) ≠ 0.


Formula: A^(-1) = (1/det(A)) * adj(A).

Example 3: Transpose and Inverse


Given A = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]:
- A^T = [[1, 3], [2, 4]].
- det(A) = (1*4) - (3*2) = -2.
- A^(-1) = (1/-2) * [[4, -2], [-3, 1]] = [[-2, 1], [1.5, -0.5]].

3. Solving Simultaneous Equations Using Matrices


Simultaneous equations can be solved using the matrix equation AX = B, where A is the
coefficient matrix, X is the variable matrix, and B is the constant matrix. The solution is X =
A^(-1)B.

Example 4: Solving Equations


Solve 2x + y = 5 and 3x - y = 4.
- Represent as AX = B: A = [[2, 1], [3, -1]], B = [[5], [4]].
- Find A^(-1) = [[-0.2, -0.2], [-0.6, 0.4]].
- Compute X = A^(-1)B = [[1], [3]].
Thus, x = 1, y = 3.

4. Cramer’s Rule
Cramer’s Rule uses determinants to solve systems of linear equations. For n equations, the
solution for x_i is:
x_i = det(A_i) / det(A), where A_i is the matrix formed by replacing the i-th column of A with
B.

Example 5: Cramer’s Rule


Solve 2x + 3y = 7 and x - y = 1.
- A = [[2, 3], [1, -1]], B = [[7], [1]].
- det(A) = -5.
- Replace the first column with B: A_x = [[7, 3], [1, -1]], det(A_x) = -10.
- Replace the second column with B: A_y = [[2, 7], [1, 1]], det(A_y) = -5.
- x = det(A_x) / det(A) = 2, y = det(A_y) / det(A) = 1.
Solution: x = 2, y = 1.

Conclusion
Matrix operations are fundamental in mathematics, with wide applications in solving
equations and analyzing data. This assignment highlights the core operations, providing
theoretical explanations and practical examples.

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