Mathematics

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 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Real Numbers
Exercise - 1 : .................................................................................................. ......................................................... 8

Exercise - 2 : ................................................................................................. .......................................................... 9

Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 41

Polynomials
Exercise - 1 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 10

Exercise - 2 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 11

Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 44

Pair of Linear Equations in Two variable

Exercise - 1 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 12

Exercise - 2 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 13

Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 47

Quadratic Equations
Exercise - 1 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 14

Exercise - 2 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 15

Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 51

Triangle
Exercise - 1 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 16

Exercise - 2 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 18

Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 55
 6

Introduction to Trigonometry
Exercise - 1 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 20

Exercise - 2 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 21

Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 59

Some Applications of Trigonometry

Exercise - 1 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 22

Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 63

Arithmetic Progression
Exercise - 1 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 23

Exercise - 2 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 24

Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 66

Co-ordinate Geometry
Exercise - 1 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 25

Exercise - 2 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 26

Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 69

Circles
Exercise - 1 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 27

Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 73

Constructions
Exercise - 1 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 28

Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 75
 7

Areas related to Circles

Exercise - 1 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 29

Exercise - 2 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 31

Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 77

Surface Area and Volumes

Exercise - 1 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 33

Exercise - 2 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 34

Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 82

Statistics
Exercise - 1 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 36

Exercise - 2 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 37

Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 86

Probabilty
Exercise - 1 : ........................................................................................................................................................... 39

Answer Key ............................................................................................................................................................ 40

Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 92
REAL NUMBERS 8

EXERCISE – 1 : REAL NUMBERS

1. Which of the following statement is incorrect? (a) 133  232  372  413  472
(a) 25  3  8  1 (b) 25  5  5  0
(b) 133 191  232  372  413  472
(c) 25  6  4  3 (d) 25  7  3  4
(c) 133 191  232  372  413
2. Euclid’s Division Algorithm is used to find ____.
(a) LCM of two positive integers (d) None of these
(b) HCF of two positive integers 9. Find the HCF of 84 and 1750 using Euclid’s Division
Algorithm.
(c) Ratio of two positive integers
(a) 8 (b) 12
(d) None of these
(c) 14 (d) 16
3. The HCF of 180 and 225 is equal to ____. 10. Calculate the HCF and the LCM of 294, 420 and 450
(a) 15 (b) 30 using prime factorization.
11. If HCF  240,135  240 x  135 y , where x and y are
(c) 45 (d) 75
integers, then which of the following could be a
possible solution for x and y ?
4. The HCF of 27  35  58  73 116 134 and
12. Prove that the sum of an even number and an odd
24  38  72 114 137 is equal to ____.
number is always odd.
(a) 24  35  53  72 114 134 13. Find the HCF of 126 and 154 and express it in the form
126 x  154 y , where x and y are integers. Also show
(b) 24  35  53  73 114 133
that this expression is not unique.
14. Without performing the long division, state whether the
(c) 24  33  53  73 114 137
following rational numbers will have terminating
decimal expansion or a non-terminating repeating
(d) 24  35  58  72 112 134
decimal expansion. Also, find the number of places of
5. A student calculated the HCF of 15 and 36 using decimals after which the decimal expansion terminates.
Euclid’s Division Algorithm. How many steps are there 17
(i)
in the student’s solution? 8
(a) 1 (b) 2 64
(ii)
455
(c) 3 (d) None of these
15
(iii)
6. Which of the following numbers is not of the form 1600
4m  1? 23
(iv)
(a) 41 (b) 73 23 5 2
15. Prove that n 2  1 is divisible by 8 if n is any odd
(c) 85 (d) 99
positive integer.
7. The HCF of 140, 168 and 196 is equal to _____.
(a) 14 (b) 28

(c) 32 (d) 42

8. The LCM of 132 191  231  372  413 and

133  232  371  412  472 is equal to ____.
REAL NUMBERS 9

EXERCISE – 2 : REAL NUMBERS

1. Which of the following numbers is not of the form 8. The HCF of 27  35  58  73 116 134 and
4m  3?
24  38  53  72 114 137 is equal to ____.
(a) 43 (b) 71
(a) 24  35  53  72 114 134
(c) 85 (d) 99
(b) 24  35  53  73 114 133
2. The LCM of 54 and 60 is equal to______.
(a) 120 (b) 270 (c) 24  33  53  73 114 137

(c) 360 (d) 540 (d) 2 4  35  58  7 2  112  134

3. The HCF of 27  35  58  73 116 134 and 9. The largest number which divides 245 and 1029
4 8 2 4 7
2  3  7 11 13 is equal to ____. leaving the remainder 5 in each case is_______.
(a) 8 (b) 12
(a) 24  35  53  72 114 134
(c) 16 (d) 24
4 5 3
(b) 2  3  5  7 11 13 3 4 3 10. Two brands of chocolate are available in packs of 24
and 15, respectively. If I need to buy an equal number
(c) 24  33  53  73 114 137 of chocolate of both kinds, what is the least number of
boxes of each kind I would need to buy?
(d) 24  35  58  72 112 134 11. Prove that and do not end in the digit 0 for any positive
integer n, but their product does.
4. A student calculated the HCF of 15 and 36 using 12. Prove that 3  2 5 is irrational
Euclid’s Division Algorithm. How many steps are there 13 12 7 23
in the student’s solution? 13. Of the rational numbers , , and which one
8 20 15 25
(a) 1 (b) 2
does not have a terminating decimal expansion?
(c) 3 (d) None of these 14. Prove that the product of any three consecutive positive
integers is always a multiple of 6.
5. The method used to prove the irrationally of numbers 15. Prove that 3  5 is an irrational number.
such as 2, 3, 5 etc. is called the method
of________.
(a) Contamination (b) Contradiction

(c) Conclusion (d) Confusion

6. Which of the following numbers is irrational?

16
(a) 25 (b)
9

(c) 7 (d) 10  26

7. Find the HCF of 84 and 1750 using Euclid’s Division

Algorithm.
(a) 8 (b) 12

(c) 14 (d) 16
POLYNOMIALS 10

EXERCISE – 1 : POLYNOMIALS
1. What is the condition on a polynomial of the form of (a) x 2  11x  30 (b) x 2  11x  30
ax  b , where a and b are constants, such that it has a (c) x 2  x  30 (d) x 2  x  30
zero?
(a) a is equal to 0 (b) b is equal to 0 7. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 5  2
(c) a is not equal to 0 (d) b is not equal to 0 and 5  2 .
2. How many zeroes does the polynomial whose graph is (a) x 2  10 x  23 (b) x 2  10 x  23
given below have? (c) x 2  10 x  23 (d) x 2  10 x  23
8. If p and q are zeroes of the p  x   kx 2  3x  2k and
p  q  pq then value of k is
1 2
(a) (b)
2 3
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5 3
(c) 2 (d)
3. A polynomial of the form of ax2  bx  c always has 2
9. The sum of two zeroes of the
_____ zeroes.
(a) 0 (b) 1 polynomial x3  500 x 2  800 x  d is 400. Find its third
(c) 2 (d) 0, 1 or 2 zero.
4. Which of the following cannot be a graph of the (a) 100 (b) -100
(c) 200 (d) -200
polynomial p  x   ax  b
10. If one of the zeroes of the cubic polynomial
(a)
x3  ax2  bx  c is -1, then find the product of the
other two zeroes.
11. Find sum of the square of the zeroes of cubic
polynomial x3  3x 2  3x  3 .
12. If two zeroes of the polynomial x3  bx 2  13x  d are
(b) –1 and –2 respectively, then find the value of b  d .
13. If  and  are the zeroes of the polynomial
2 x 2  3x  2 , then find the value of        .
14. If  and  are the zeroes of the polynomial
(c) x 2  3x  2 , then find the polynomial whose zeroes are
  2 and   2 .
15. If  ,  and  are the zeroes of the polynomial
  
2 x3  2 x 2  3x  4 , then evaluate   .
(d)   

5. The sum and product of the zeroes of the polynomial

px 2  qx  pq are
q q
(a) ,p (b) ,q
p q
q q
(c) ,p (d) , q
p p
6. The polynomial whose zeroes are –6 and 5 is _____ .
POLYNOMIALS 11

EXERCISE – 2 : POLYNOMIALS
1. How many zeroes does the polynomials whose graph (d) r  x   16 x  14, q  x   x 2  4 x  10
is given below have?
9. The sum and product of the zeroes of the polynomial
2x 3  bx 2  cx  d are 94 and 49 respectively. Find the
value of d.
(a) 49 (b) 94
(c) 98 (d) 188
10. If p – q, p and p + q are the zeroes of the polynomial
(a) 2 (b) 3 x 3  9 x 2  23 x  15, then find its zeroes
(c) 5 (d) 6 11. If two zeroes of the polynomial
2. The graph of a polynomial p  x   c, where c is a 2 x 4  2 x 3  7 x 2  3 x  6 are respectively equal to V
constant is_____. then find its other two zeroes.
(a) A line of the X axis 12. If the polynomials  x 4  2 x 3  8 x 2  12 x  18  is
(b) A line making an acute angle with the X axis
(c) A line making an obtuse angle with the X axis divided by another polynomial  x 2  5  , the remainder
(d) A line perpendicular to the X axis
comes out to be  px  q  . Find the values of p and q.
3. When a polynomials is divisible by  x 2  5 x  6  , the
13. What should be subtracted from the polynomial
remainder is 5 and quotient is (x + 1). Find the
polynomial.
 3x 2  10 x 2  14 x  9  so that 3x  2 divides it
exactly?
(a) x3  5 x 2  11x  6
14. On dividing  x 2  3 x 2  x  2  by a polynomial g(x),
(b) x3  6 x 2  11x  6
(c) x3  5 x 2  11x  11 the quotient an remainder are (x – 2) and (– 2x + 4)
respectively. Find g(x).
(d) x3  6 x 2  11x  11 15. If two zeroes of the polynomial
4. If one of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
 k  1 x2  kx  1 is – 3, then the value of k is?  
f  x    x 4  6 x 3  26 x 2  138 x  35  are 2  3 and

(a)
4
(b)
4  2  3  , find its other zones.
3 3
2 2
(c) (d)
3 3
5. If the one zero of the quadratic polynomial x 2  3 x  k
is 2 then value of k is______.
(a) – 10 (b) 10
(c) 6 (d) – 6
6. Find the quotient and remainder, when 2 x 2  x  3 is
divided by 2 – x.
(a) 2 x  3,9 (b) 2 x  3,9
(c) 2 x  3, 9 (d) 2 x  3, 9
7. If  ,  and  are the zeroes of the polynomial
x 3  x 2  2 x  3 then the value of  2   2   2 is equal
to________.
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
8. Find the remainder and the quotient when
x 4  3 x 3  5 x 2  2 x  4 is divided by x 2  x  1
(a) r  x   16 x  14, q  x   x 2  4 x  10
(b) r  x   16 x  14, q  x   x 2  4 x  10
(c) r  x   16x  14, q  x   x 2  4 x  10
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLE 12

EXERCISE – 1 : PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO

VARIABLE
1. Which of the following is not an algebraic method of (c)   4 and   8 (d)   8 and   4
finding the solution of a pair of linear equations in two
variables? 7. If the difference between an angle and its supplement is
(a) Substitution (b) Elimination 70 , then find the bigger angle.
(a) 95 (b) 105
(c) Cross-multiplication (d) Graphical
(c) 115 (d) 125
2. How many solutions does the pair of linear
equations 2 x  7 y  8  0 and 4 x  3 y  1  0 have? 8. Solve 2 x  5 y  11 and 3x  4 y  5 . Using cross
(a) No Solution (b) Unique Solution multiplication method.
(a) x  3, y  1 (b) x  3, y  1
(c) Infinitely many (d) None of these

3. The system of equations 3x  5 y  20 and (c) x  3, y  1 (d) x  3, y  1

6 x  10 y  40 has:
9. Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten
(a) one solution (b) exactly 2 solutions years later, Nuri will be twice as old as Sonu. What is
Sonu’s age?
(c) infinitely many solutions (d) no solutions
(a) 20 (b) 30
4. Asha has only ₹1 and ₹2 coins with her. If the total
(c) 40 (d) 50
number of coins that she has is 50 and the amount of
money with her is ₹75, then the pair of linear equations 10. If ax  by  b  a and abx  aby  a 2  b 2 , then
are? evaluate xy .
(a) x  y  75, x  2 y  50 11. The sum of two numbers is 1000 and the difference
between their squares is 256000. Find the numbers.
(b) x  y  50, x  2 y  75 12. Solve ax  by  a  b and bx  ay  a  b .
5 1 6 3
(c) x  y  75, x  2 y  50 13. Solve   2 and  1
x 1 y  2 x 1 y  2
(d) x  y  50, x  2 y  75 14. A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed. If
the train was at 10 km/hr faster, it would have taken 2
hours less than the scheduled time. If the train was 10
5. The father’s age is six times his son’s age. Four years
km/hr slower, it would have taken 3 hours more than
hence, the age of the father will be four times his son’s
the scheduled time. Find the distance covered by the
age. Then the pair of linear equations are?
train.
(a) x  6 y  0, x  4 y  12
15. On selling a tea-set at 5% loss and a lemon-set at 15%
gain, a crockery seller gains Rs. 7. If he sells the tea-set
(b) x  6 y  0, x  4 y  12 at 5% gain and the lemon-set at 10% gain, he gains Rs.
13. Find the difference in the actual prices of the tea-set
(c) x  6 y  0, x  4 y  12 and the lemon-set.

(d) x  6 y  0, x  4 y  12

6. Find the values of  and  for which the system of

linear equations 2 x  3 y  7, 2 x      y  28
has infinitely many solutions.
(a)   2 and   6 (b)   6 and   2
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLE 13

EXERCISE – 2 : PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO

VARIABLE
1. How many solutions do the lines l1 , l2 and l3 have in Case Number of solutions
common? P 0
Q 1
R 
S 1

(a) P  0, Q  1, R  1, S  
(b) P  1, Q  1, R  , S  0
(c) P  , Q  1, R  0, S  1
(d) P  1, Q  0, R  , S  1
5
7. Graphically solve 2 x  5 y  10 and x 
2
(a) 0 (b) 1 5 
(c)  (d) None of these (a)  5,0  (b)  ,1
2 
2. What type of lines do the pair of linear equations
2 x  3 y  5  0 and 26 x  39 y  60  0 represent? 5 
(c)  , 1 (d) None of these
(a) Intersecting lines (b) Parallel lines 2 
(c) Coincident lines (d) None of these 8. For what value of k will the equations
3. Solve x  y  8, x  y  2 x  2 y  7  0, 2 x  ky  14  0 represent coincident
(a) x  6, y  4 (b) x  4, y  4 lines?
(c) x  5, y  3 (d) x  6, y  2 (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
4. The pair of equations 3x  5 y  7 and 6 x  10 y  7
9. Solve 3x  5 y  2  0 and 4 x  3 y  22  0
have
(a) x  4, y  2 (b) x  4, y  2
(a) a unique solution
(b) infinitely many solutions (c) x  4, y  2 (d) x  4, y  2
(c) no solution 10. Solve 2 x  3 y  5 and mx  ny  m  n
(d) two solutions 11. Solve: 89 x  123 y  670 and 123x  89 y  602
5. If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then the lines
12. If 8 x  5 y  34 and 13x  9 y  21 then, find the value
will be
(a) always coincident of x  y .
(b) always parallel 13. Solve: 2 x  3 y  13  0
(c) always intersecting 3x  2 y  12  0
(d) intersecting or coincident.
14. Solve using substitution method:
6. Match the following
0.4 x  0.3 y  1.7; 0.7 x  0.2 y  0.8
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 14

EXERCISE – 1 : QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

1. In standard form of a quadratic equation 7. The roots of the quadratic equation 3 x 2  2 x  3  0
ax 2  bx  c  0 (a, b, & c are real number), and? are
(a) a  0 (b) a  0 1 1
(a) 3or (b)  3or
3 3
(c) a = 1 (d) a  1
1
2. After comparing the equation x 2  17 x  10 with (c)  3or (d) None of these
3
standard form, the value of a + b + c is_______.
(a) 28 (b) – 28
8. Which of the following equations has the sum of its
(c) 8 (d) – 8 roots as 3?
(a) 2 x 2  3x  6  0
3. Which of the following equations is a quadric
equation? (b)  x 2  3x  3  0
3 2
(a) x  2 x  5 x  11  0
3
3
(c) 2 x2  x 1  0
(b) x  2 x  x  x  5 2

3
(c)  x  2   x3  4 (d) 3 x 2  3 x  3  0

9. The roots of 3x 2  10 x  7 3  0 are______.

(d) All of the above
(a) integers (b) Rational numbers
4. The roots of x 2  9  0 are_______.
(c) Real numbers (d) Whole numbers
(a) 3, 3
1 5
10. If is a root of the equation x 2  kx   0. then find
(b) – 3, – 3 2 4
the value of k.
(c) 3, – 3 11. Find the roots of the following quadratic equation:
15 x 2  10 6 x  10  0.
(d) – 1, 9
12. Find the roots of x 2  4 x  8  0 by the method of
5. By factorization method, the value of ‘x’ satisfying the completing the square.
equation x 2  8 x  16  0 are______. x  3 3x  7
13. 
(a) 4, – 4 (b) 4, 4 x  2 2x  3
14. Solve the equation 2 x 2  5 x  3  0 by the method of
(c) – 4, – 4 (d) 2, 4
completing the square.
6. Which of the following is quadratic equation? 15. Find the roots of the equation 5 x 2  6 x  2  0 by the
2
(a) x 2  2 x  1   4  x   3 method of completing the square.

 2
(b) 2 x 2   5  x   2 x  
 5

3
(c)  k  1 x 2  x  7, where k  1
2

3
(d) x3  x 2   x  1
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 15

EXERCISE – 2 : QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

1. The sum of ages of a son & his father is 35 years & 8. Which of the following equations has 2 as a root?
product of their ages is 150 years. To find their ages, (a) x 2  4 x  5  0 (b) x 2  3x  12  0
formulate the quadratic equation.
(a) x 2  35x  150  0 (b) x 2  35x  150  0 (c) 2 x 2  7 x  6  0 (d) 3x 2  6 x  2  0

(c) x 2  35x  150  0 (d)  x 2  35x  150  0 1

9. If x   , is a solution of the Quadratic Equation
2
2. The Discriminant of equation x 2  4 x  2  0 is 3x2  2kx  3  0 , find the value of k .
(a) 6 (b) 8 9 9
(a)  (b)
4 4
(c) 10 (d) 12
2 5
3. The Discriminant of the equation x 2  x  1  0 is (c) (d)
3 6
_____
(a) Zero (b) Positive 1 2 4
10. Solve for x,   , x  1, 2, 4 .
x 1 x  2 x  4
(c) Negative (d) None of these 11. If -4 is a root of quadratic equation x 2  px  4  0 and
the quadratic equation x 2  px  k  0 has equal roots.
4. For ax 2  bx  c; a  0 , if b2  4ac  0 , then the
equation has Find the value of k .
(a) No real roots (b) 1 real root 12. If the roots of the quadratic equation
c 2
 ab  x 2  2  a 2  bc  x   b 2  ac   0 in x are
(c) 2 real roots (d) None of these
equal, then show that either a  0 or
5. For ax2  bx  c  0 , where x  0, x  ? a3  b3  c3  3abc .
13. A student scored a total of 32 marks in class tests in
b  b 2  4ac b  b2  4ac mathematics and science. Had he scored 2 marks less in
(a) x  (b) x 
2a 2a science and 4 marks more in mathematics, the product
of his marks would have been 253. Find his marks in
b  b 2  4ac two subjects.
(c) x  (d) None of these
2a 14. Seven years ago, Varun’s age was five times the square
of Swati’s age. Three years hence, Swati’s age will be
6. Find the value of k for which the given equation has two fifth of Varun’s age. Find their present ages.
real and equal roots: 1
15. Two pipes running together can fill a cistern in 3
2 x 2  10 x  k  0 13
minutes. If one pipe take 3 minutes more than the other
(a) 25 (b) 40
to fill it, find the time in which each pipe would fill the
cistern.
25 25
(c) (d)
2 4

7. Using quadratic formula, the roots of

2 x 2  5 3 x  6  0 are ______.
3  3
(a)  3, (b) , 2 3
2 2

3
(c) ,2 3 (d) None of these
2
TRIANGLE 16

EXERCISE – 1 : TRIANGLE
1. Which of the following is not a criterion for similarity? 7. In the given diagram, ABCD is a trapezium with
(a) SAS (b) SSS AB || DC . If PQ || DC , then _______.
(c) ASA (d) AA
2. In a ABC , if P and Q are points on sides AB and BC
respectively, such that PQ || AC , then______.
BC BA AC AP
(a)  (b) 
QC BP QC PB
BQ BP AP CQ AP CQ AP CQ
(c)  (d)  (a)  (b) 
BC AP PB QB AB CD BQ PD
3. Out of the following three triangles, which one is not AP BQ AP AB
(c)  (d) 
similar to the rest of the triangles? PD QC PD CD
8. In the given figure, if PQ || BC and QR || CD , then
_____________.

(a) ABC
(b) PQR
(c) XYZ
(d) The three triangles are similar to each other
4. If ABC  PQR then BD : QS  AB : PQ . This
condition holds true when BD and QS are their
(a) Medians (b) Angle bisectors (a) PR || BD (b) PR || BC
(c) Altitudes (d) All of these
(c) PR || CD (d) None of these
5. If ABC  PQR, CA : RP  1: 2 and the perimeter of
9. In the following figure, AB = 8 cm, BC = 12 cm, PQ =
ABC is 31 cm, then the perimeter of PQR is equal
10 cm, QR = 15 cm, B  Q and AC + PR = 36 cm.
to _____.
Find AC and PR.
(a) 31 cm (b) 62 cm
(c) 96 cm (d) 124 cm
6. Study the following figure and determine k , given that
are values shown are in cm.

(a) AC = 14 cm, PR = 22 cm
(b) AC = 16 cm, PR = 20 cm
(c) AC = 20 cm, PR = 16 cm
(d) AC = 18 cm, PR = 18 cm
10. In the given diagram, if AP = 15 cm, AQ = 24 cm and
(a) 4 cm (b) 6 cm
PB + QC = 26 cm, find
(c) 8 cm (d) 10 cm
QC – PB, given PQ || BC .
TRIANGLE 17

11. In the given figure, PQ || ST , PR = 3 cm, PQ = 4 cm, 14. In the given figure, ABCD is a parallelogram and F is
ST = 6 cm and SR = 9 cm, then find QR : RT . the midpoint of CD. The find ratio EG : BG .

12. If P and Q are points on sides AB and AC respectively 15. The sum and the difference of the areas of a pair of
of ΔABC such that AP = 6 cm, BP = 8 cm, AQ = 9 cm similar triangles are respectively equal to 120 cm2 and
and CQ = 12 cm, then find BC. 72 cm2, while the sum of their perimeters is 72 cm,
then find the difference in their perimeters.

13. If ABC  PQR , the perimeters of ABC and

PQR are respectively equal to 36 cm and 48 cm and
the area of Δ ABC is 45 cm2, then find the area of
PQR .
TRIANGLE 18

EXERCISE – 2 : TRIANGLE
1. Sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio 4 : 9 . 8. In the given figure, ABCD is a trapezium in which
Areas of these triangles are in the ratio AB || DC and AB = 2DC. Determine the ratio of the
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 4 : 9 areas of AOB and COD .
(c) 81:16 (d) 16 : 81
2. In ABC  DEF such that 2AB = DE and BC = 8
cm, then, EF is equal to ____ .
(a) 16 cm (b) 12 cm
(c) 8 cm (d) 4 cm
3. In ABC if AB  6 3 , AC = 12 cm and BC = 6 cm,
then (a) 1: 4 (b) 1: 2
(a) B  90 (b) A  90 (c) 4 :1 (d) 2 :1
(c) B  120 (d) B  60 PS PT
9. In figure  and PST  PRQ . Then,
4. For the following diagram, choose the correct options. SQ TR

(a) AC 2  AB 2  BC 2  2 BC.CD
(a) PQ = QR (b) QR = PR
(b) AB 2  AC 2  BC 2  2BC.CD (c) PQ = PR (d) None of these
(c) AC 2  AB 2  BC 2  2 BC.CD 10. PQR is a right triangle right angled at Q. Let S and T be
(d) AB 2  AC 2  BC 2  2 BC.CD any points on PQ and QR respectively. If PT = 6 cm,
5. In figure, if ST || QR . Find PS. CD = 8cm and ST = 4 cm then find PR
11. In the given figure, ABC is a right triangle where D
is the midpoint of BC. If AB2  kAD 2  lAC 2 , then,
find k  l .

5 9
(a) (b)
2 2
3 7
(c) (d) 12. ABC is a right triangle right angle at C. If BC = 9 cm,
2 2
AC = 12 cm and the length of perpendiculars from C to
6. A right triangle has hypotenuse of length ‘ a ’ cm and
AB is p cm, then find p .
one side of length ‘ b ’ cm. If a  b  1 , then, the length
13. In the figure if ADE  B show that
of third side of the triangle is
ADE  ABC . IF AD = 3.8 cm, AE = 3.6 cm, BE =
(a) 2b  1 cm (b) 2b  1 cm 2.1 cm and BC = 4.2 cm then find DE.
(c) 2a  1 cm (d) a  1 cm
7. In ABC is an isosceles right triangle, right-angled at
C, then,
(a) AC 2  2BC 2 (b) AB2  2 AC 2
(c) AC 2  AB 2  BC 2 (d) BC 2  AB 2  AC 2
TRIANGLE 19

14. In a right triangle ABC, right angled at C, P and Q are

points on CA and AB respectively, which divide these
sides in the ratio 2 :1 . If K  AQ 2  BP 2   13 AB 2
then, find K .

15. State and prove Pythagorean Theorem.

INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY 20

EXERCISE – 1 : INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

1. From the given triangle, the value of cot  is equal to (c) 25 (d) 30
 BC 
8. If A, B and C are angles of a triangle, then sin  
 2 
is equal to______.
A B
(a) sin (b) cos
2 2
C A
(c) sin (d) cos
5 13 2 2
(a) (b) 9. In the given figure, A  30, B  90 and AC = 20
13 5
cm. Then AB + BC is equal to
5 12
(c) (d)
12 5
12 5
2. If sin   and cos  , then, the value of cot 
13 13
is______.
5 12
(a) (b)
12 5
13 13
(c)
5
(d)
12  
(a) 10  10 2 cm  
(b) 10  10 3 cm

3. The value of sin  50     cos  40    is equal (c) 12  12 2  cm (d) 15  15 3  cm
to______. 10. The value of
(a) 0 (b) 1 tan 2 60  sin 2 45  3sec 2 30  5 cos 2 90
(c) 2 (d) 3 is_______.
cosec30  sec 60  cot 2 30
sin 30 cot 60 tan 45
4. The value of is equal 11. The value of tan1 tan10 tan 20 tan 70 tan 80 tan 89
tan 30 cos 0 is______.
to________. 12. In a ABC it is given that B  90 and
1 1  2 tan A 
(a) (b) AB : AC  1: 2, find the value of 
2 3 2 .
 1  tan A 
1 1 5  2 cos   sin   12
(c) (d) 13. If sec   , show that  
4 5 4  cot   tan   7
5. Which of the following is true?
14. In ABC, right angled at B, AB = 7 cm and AC – BC
(a) 2sin 30 cos30  sin 60 2
= 1 cm. The value of cos C.
(b) 2sin 40 cos 45  sin 90
1  tan A
(c) 2sin 30 cos30  sin 45 15. If 3 cot A = 4, check whether  cos A  sin A
(d) None of these 1  tan A
or not.
3sin   2cos 
6. If 3tan   4, then, the value of
3sin   2cos
is______.
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
7. If sin 3 A  cos  A  10  , where 3A is an cute angle,
then A is equal to______.
(a) 15 (b) 20
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY 21

EXERCISE – 2 : INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

1. cos 60 cos 30  sin 60 sin 30 is equal to 8. If sin   sin 2   1 , then, cos2   cos4  is equal to
(a) cos 0 (b) sin 30 ____.
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) cos 90 (d) cos 30
(c) 2 (d) 3
sin 54 cos 54
2. Find the value of 
cos 36 sin 36 9. If k  1  sec2  1  sin  1  sin   , then find the
(a) 1 (b) 2 value of k .
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) 4
(c) 2 (d) 3
3. If cot   2 , then, cosec  is equal to _____.
1  cos A
(a)  3 (b)  5 10. is equal to ____.
1  cos A
2 2
(c)  6 (d)  7 11.  sin   cosec     cos   sec   is equal to ____.
3 5 cosec   4 tan 
12. If cos   , then, the value of is
2 1 5 sec   cot 
4. The value of cot   2 is _____.
sin  equal to
(a) -2 (b) -1

(c) 0 (d) 1

5.  sec A  tan A1  sin A 

(a) sec A (b) sin A

(c) cosec A (d) cos A

13. If sec  tan   p , then the value of cosec  can be
14. If 4 sin   3 cos   5 , then, find the value of
8
6. In the given figure, if sin P  , then, respective 3sin   4 cos  .
17
15. If tan   sin   m, tan   sin   n , then
values of cos P and tan P are
m 2  n 2 _____ .

15 8 8 15
(a) and (b) and
7 15 15 7

15 15 15 17
(c) and (d) and
8 17 17 18

7. If tan   cot   5 , then, tan 2   cot 2  is equal to

(a) 27 (b) 25

(c) 24 (d) 23
SOME APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY 22

EXERCISE – 1 : SOME APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

1. A pole 6 m high casts a shadow 2 3 m long on the 7. A ladder leaning against a wall, makes an angle of 60
ground, then the sun’s elevation is: with the horizontal. If the foot of the ladder is 2.5 m
(a) 60 (b) 45 away from the wall, the length of the ladder is
________.
(c) 30 (d) 90 (a) 3 m (b) 4 m

2. The angle of depression of a car parked on the road (c) 5 m (d) 6 m

from the top of 150 m high tower is 30 . The distance
8. A circus artist is climbing a 20 m long rope which is
of the car from the tower (in meters) is:
tightly stretched and tied from the top of vertical pole
(a) 50 3 (b) 150 3 to the ground. The height of the pole if the angle made
by rope with ground level is 30 is
(c) 150 2 (d) 75 (a) 10 m (b) 20 m
3. The angle formed by the line of sight and the (c) 30 m (d) 40 m
horizontal plane for an object below the horizontal.
(a) Angle of elevation 9. The angle of depression of a car parked on the road
from the top of a 150 m high tower is 30 . The
(b) Angle of depression distance of the car from the tower (in m) is _______.
(c) Line of sight (a) 150 3 m (b) 100 3 m

(d) None of the above 150

(c) m (d) 150 m
3
4. A straight line along which an observer has
unobstructed vision? 10. An observer, 1.7 m tall, is 20 3 m away from a tower.
(a) Angle of elevation The angle of elevation from the eye of observer to the
top of tower is 30 . The height of the tower is _____.
(b) Angle of depression 11. An airplane when flying at a height of 4000 m from the
ground passes vertically above another airplane at an
(c) Line of sight instant when the angles of the elevation of two planes
from the same point on the ground are 60 and 45
(d) None of the above
respectively. The vertical distance between the
5. The ratio of the height of a tower and the length of its airplanes at that instant is _______.
12. At a point A, 20 meter above the level of water in a
shadow on the ground is 3 :1 . The angle of elevation
lake, the angle of elevation of a cloud is 30 . The
of the sun is _______.
angle of depression of the reflection of the cloud in the
(a) 30 (b) 45
lake, at A is 60 . The distance of the cloud from A is
(c) 60 (d) None of these _______.
13. A boy observes that the angle of elevation of a bird
6. In the given figure, a tower AB is 20 m high and BC, flying at a distance of 100 m is 30 . At same time, a
girl finds the angle of elevation of the same bird from a
its shadow on the ground, is 20 3 m long. The Sun’s
building 20 m high is 45 . The distance of the bird
altitude is ________.
from the girl is ________.
14. The angle of elevation of a cliff from a fixed point is 
. After going up a distance of k meters towards the top
of the cliff at an angle of  , it is found that the angle of
elevation is  . The height of the cliff is ___.
15. A round balloon of radius r subtends an angle  at
the eye of the observer while the angle of elevation of
its centre is  . The height of the centre of the balloon
(a) 30 (b) 45 is ______.
(c) 60 (d) None of these
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION 23

EXERCISE – 1 : ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

1. If the common difference of an AP is 5, then what is 7. The 9th term of the A.P 2, 8, 14,…..is.
a18  a13 ? (a) 50 (b) 54
(a) 5 (b) 20
(c) 66 (d) 78
(c) 25 (d) 35
8. The first two terms of sequence defined by
2. The first term of the sequence an  n  1 is______. an  n 2  2n  1 are,
(a) 1 (b) 2 (a) a1  3, a2  7 (b) a1  2, a2  7

(c) 3 (d) 4 (c) a1  7, a2  3 (d) a1  2, a2  5

3. The list of numbers – 10, – 6, – 2, 2,…is
9. If 17th term of an A.P. exceeds its 10th term by 14, then
(a) an AP with d = – 16 (b) an AP with d = 4
the common difference is
(c) an AP with d = – 4 (d) not an AP (a) 1 (b) 2

4. In an A.P., if d = – 4, n = 7, an  4, then a is (c) 7 (d) 14

10. Verify whether 0 is a term of the AP 31, 28, 25,….?
(a) 6 (b) 7
11. Find the sum of the first 10 multiples of 6.
(c) 20 (d) 28 12. Find the middle term of the AP 213, 205, 197,……, 37.
13. Find the 20th term of the AP whose 7th term is 24 less
5. In an AP, if a = 3.5, d = 0 and n = 101, then an will be than 11th term, first term being 12.
(a) 0 (b) 3.5 14. Which term of the AP 24, 21, 18, 15,…..is the first
negative item?
(c) 103.5 (d) 104.5 15. For A.P. Show that a p  a p  2 q  2a p  q

6. The nth of the sequence 1, 8, 27,…..is_____.

(a) 2n – 1 (b) n + 3

3
(c) n3 (d)  n  1
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION 24

EXERCISE – 2 : ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

1. The general form of an AP is 9. Find respective values of a and b such that the numbers
(a) a  d , a  2d , a  3d ,.... a, 9, b, 25 form an AP.
10. How many terms are there in the AP 7, 11, 15, ….,
(b) a, a  d , a  2d , a  3d ,.... 139?
11. Determine k , so that k 2  4k  8, 2k 2  3k  6 and
(c) a, a  2d , a  3d ,....
3k 2  4k  4 are three consecutive terms of an AP.
12. If the 1st term of A.P is 7 and 13th term is 35. Find the
(d) a, a  d , a  3d ,....
sum of 13 terms of the A.P.
13. How many terms of the A.P. 65, 60, 55, …. be taken so
2. If Sn is the sum of first n terms of an AP, then its nth
that their sum is zero?
term an is, 14. If the sum of the first 7 terms of an A.P. is 49 and that
3. The sum of Sn of the first n terms of an AP is, of the first 17 terms is 289, find the sum of its first n
n terms.
(a) S n   2a   n  1 d  15. For what value of n , are the nth terms of two A.P.’s
2
63, 65, 67, … and 3, 10, 17, … equal?
3n
(b) S n   2 a   n  1 d 
2 

n
(c) S n  3a   n  1 d 
2

n
(d) S n   a   n  1 d 
2

4. The 4th term from the end of the A.P. : -11, -8, -5,….,
49 is
(a) 37 (b) 40

(c) 43 (d) 58

5. In an A.P., if a  10, d  0, n  99 , then an will be

(a) 0 (b) 10

(c) 103.5 (d) 104.5

6. Which term of the A.P. 24, 21, 18, … is the first

negative term?
(a) 8th (b) 9th

(c) 10th (d) 12th

7. The 15th term of the A.P -10, -3, 4, ….. is.

(a) 83 (b) 88

(c) 93 (d) 105

8. If the first term of an AP is – 5 and the common

difference is 2, then the sum of the first 6 terms is,
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY 25

EXERCISE – 1 : CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

1. The distance of a point P  x, y  from the origin is, 7. Find the distance between the points A  7,13 and

(a) x2  y (b) x2  y2 B 10,9 

(a) 6 units (b) 11 units
2
(c) x y (d) x y
(c) 5 units (d) 2 units

2. If the distance between the points  4, k  and 1,0  is 5, 8. In what ratio is line segment joining the points A  6,3
then what can be the possible values of k ?
and B  2, 5 divided by the x -axis?
(a) k  3 (b) k  4
(a) 3 : 4 (b) 2 : 3
(c) k  0 (d) k  2
(c) 3 : 5 (d) 1: 2

3. The point P  7,6  lies in the quadrant 9. The point on x-axis which is equidistant from the
(a) I (b) II points (5, -2) and (-3, 2) is:
(a) (1, 0) (b) (0, 1)
(c) III (d) IV
(c) (2, 0) (d) (3, 4)
4. A point whose abscissa is -2 and ordinate is 5 lies in
(a) First quadrant (b) Second quadrant 10. Find the value of x for which the distance between the
point P  4, 5 and Q 12, x  is 10 units.
(c) Third quadrant (d) Fourth quadrant
11. Find points on the y-axis, each of which is at a distance
5. The distance of the point P  2,3 from the x -axis is of 13 units from the point (-5, 7).
12. Prove that A (-1, 1), B (5, 7) and C (8, 10) are collinear.
6. If the point C  k , 4  divides the join of the points 13. Find the coordinates of the points of trisection of the
A  2,6  and B  5,1 in the ratio 2:3 then the value of line segment joining the points A (-5, 6) and B (4, -3).
14. Prove that the points A (-3, 0), B (1, -3) and C (4, 1) are
k is,
the vertices of an isosceles right-angled triangle.
28
(a) 16 (b) 15. The co-ordinates of the vertices of ABC are A (7, 2),
5
B (9, 10) and C (1, 4). If E and F are the midpoints of
1
16 8 AB and AC respectively, prove that EF  .
(c) (d) 2 BC
5 5
CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY 26

EXERCISE – 2 : CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

1. The point which lies on x -axis & whose abscissa is -4 8. The distance between the points  0,5 and  5,0  is
is
(a) 5 (b) 5 2
(a)  4, 0  (b)  0, 4 
(c) 2 5 (d) 10
(c)  4, 4 (d) None of these
9. The point P which divides the line segment joining the
2. The area of a triangle with vertices points A  2, 5 and B  5, 2  in the ratio 2 : 3 lies in
A  x1 , y1  , B  x2 , y2  and C  x3 , y3  is the quadrant
1 (a) I (b) II
(a)  x1  y2  y3   x2  y3  y1   x3  y1  y2  
2
(c) III (d) IV
1
(b)  x1  y2  y3   x2  y2  y1   x3  y1  y2   3 11 
2 10. In what ratio does the point C  ,  divide the line
5 5 
1 segment joining the points A  3,5 and B  3, 2  ?
(c)  x1  y2  y3   x2  y3  y1   x3  y3  y2  
2 (a) 5 : 6 (b) 7 : 8

1 (c) 2 : 3 (d) 3 : 4
(d)  x1  y2  y3   x2  y1  y3   x3  y2  y3  
2
11. The area of a triangle with vertices A  3,0  , B  7,0 
3. If AOBC is a rectangle whose three vertices are
and C  8, 4  is
A  0,3 , O  0,0  and B  5,0  , then the length of its
(a) 14 (b) 28
diagonal is,
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 8 (d) 6

(c) 34 (d) 4 12. Find the value of a, if the distance between the points
A  3, 14  and B  a, 5 is 9 units.
4. The distance of the point  3, 4  from the x -axis is,
13. The points A 1, 2  , B  0,0  and C  a, b  are collinear.
(a) 3 (b) 5
Find the relation between a and b .
(c) 4 (d) 4.5 14. Two vertices of ABC are A 1, 4  and B  5, 2  and

5. The mid-point of the line segment joining the points its centroid is G  0, 3 . Find the coordinates of vertex
A  2,8 and B  6, 4  is C.
(a)  4, 6  (b)  2,6  15. If A  2, 1 , B  a,0  , C  4, b  and D 1, 2  are the
vertices of a parallelogram, find the respective values
(c)  4, 2 (d)  4, 2  of a and b .

6. Find the distance of the point P  6, 6  from the origin.

7. If the points A  2,5 and B  4,3 lie on a circle with
center O  2, y  , then the value of y is
(a) 1 (b) 2

(c) 3 (d) 4
CIRCLES 27

EXERCISE – 1 : CIRCLES
1. How many tangents can be drawn to a circle from a (c) 4 3 cm (d) None of these
point P which lie outside the circle?
8. If two tangents inclined at an angle 60 are drawn to a
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4 circle of radius 3 cm, then the length of each tangent is
2. Find the distance between two parallel tangents of a equal to:
circle of radius 3 cm. (a) 3 3 cm (b) 3 2 cm
(a) 3 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 4 2 cm (d) None of these
(c) 4 cm (d) 1.5 cm
3. In figure, if AOB  125 , then COD is equal to 9. From a point P, which is at a distance of 13 cm from
the centre O of a circle of radius 5 cm, the pair of
tangents PQ and PR are drawn to the circle, then find
the area of the quadrilateral PQOR (in cm2).
(a) 10 cm2 (b) 60 cm2
2
(c) 50 cm (d) 20 cm2
10. Prove that the tangents drawn at the ends of a diameter
of a circle are parallel.
11. Prove that the angle between the two tangents drawn
(a) 125 (b) 100
from an external point to a circle is supplementary to
(c) 60 (d) 55 the angle subtended by the line segments joining the
4. A line through center O of a circle of radius 9 cm cuts points of contact to the centre.
the tangent at a point A on the circle at B such that AB 12. If a hexagon ABCDEF circumscribes a circle, prove
= 12 cm, find OB. that AB + CD + EF = BC + DE + FA
(a) 13 cm (b) 14 cm 13. In figure OQ : PQ  3 : 4 and perimeter of POQ  60
(c) 15 cm (d) 16 cm
cm. determine PQ, QR and OP.
5. If the angle between two radii of a circle is 130 then
14. A circle is inscribed in a ABC having sides AB = 8
what is the angle between the tangents at the end points
of radii at their point of intersection? cm, BC = 10 cm and CA = 12 cm as shown in figure.
Find AD, BE and CF.
(a) 50 (b) 90
(c) 130 (d) 60
6. In figure, a quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to
circumscribe a circle such that its sides AB, BC, CD
and AD touch the circle at P, Q, R and S respectively.
If AB = x cm, BC = 7 cm, CR = 3 cm and AS = 5 cm,
find x.

15. PA and PB are the tangents to a circle which

circumscribes an equilateral ΔABQ. If PAB  60 ,
as shown in the figure, prove that QP bisects AB at
right angle.

(a) 9 cm (b) 19 cm
(c) 10 cm (d) 11 cm
7. In the given figure, AB is a tangent to the circle with
centre O such that OB = 8 cm & OBA  60 . Find
the radius of the circle.

(a) 2 3 cm (b) 3 5 cm
CONSTRUCTIONS 28

EXERCISE – 1 : CONSTRUCTIONS
1. To divide a line segment PQ in the ratio 5 : 7 , first a (b) Given triangle is bigger than the constructed
ray PX is drawn so that QPX is an acute angle and triangle.
then at equal distances points are marked on the ray (c) Given triangle is congruent to the constructed
PX such that the minimum number of these points is triangle.
(a) 5 (b) 7
(d) Cannot tell.
(c) 12 (d) 10
6. Draw a circle of radius 7 cm. Without using its centre,
2. To draw a pair of tangents to a circle which are inclined draw a tangent to the circle at a given point P on the
to each other at an angle of 45 , it is required to draw circle.
tangents at the endpoints of those two radii of the 7. Divide a line segment of length 9 cm internally in the
circle, the angle between which is? ratio 4 : 3 .
(a) 145 (b) 130 8. Take a point O on the plane of the paper. With O as
centre, draw a circle of radius 5 cm. Take a point P on
(c) 135 (d) 90 this circle and draw a tangent at P.
9. Draw a line segment of length 7.6 cm and divide it in
3. When a line segment is divided in the ratio 2 : 3 , how
the ratio 5 : 8 .
many parts is it divided into?
10. Construct a triangle similar to a given ABC such that
2
(a) (b) 2 2
3 each of its sides is ( )rd of the corresponding sides of
3
(c) 3 (d) 5 ABC . It is given that BC = 5 cm, B  50 and
C  60 .
4. In the given figure, triangle PBQ is constructed similar 11. Construct an isosceles triangle whose base is 6 cm and
to given triangle ABC. Find the scale factor for the altitude 4 cm and then another triangle whose sides are
following construction. 3
times the corresponding sides of isosceles triangle.
2
12. Draw a pair of tangents to a circle of radius 5 cm which
are inclined to each other at an angle of 60 .
13. Determine a point which divides a line segment of
length 12 cm internally in the ratio 2 : 3 . Also, justify
your construction.
14. Draw two concentric circles of radii 3 cm and 5 cm.
Construct a tangent to the smaller circle from a point on
the larger circle. Also, measure its length.
15. Construct a right-angled triangle whose base is 5 cm
and sum of its hypotenuse and another side is 10 cm.
Construct another triangle whose sides are 1.4 times the
corresponding side of the previously drawn triangle.
3 2
(a) (b)
4 3

4 1
(c) (d)
3 2

5. When a triangle similar to a given triangle is

5
constructed with the scale factor , then what is the
3
nature of given triangle?
(a) Given triangle is smaller than the constructed
triangle.
AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES 29

EXERCISE – 1 : AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES

1. Find the area of sector of a circle with radius 6 cm if 9. Find area of the largest triangle that can be inscribed in
angle of sector is 60 . a semi-circle of radius ‘ r ’ units.
(a) 18 cm2 (b) 18.85 cm2

(c) 19 cm2 (d) 17.85 cm2

2. If the sum of the areas of two circles with radii R1 and

R2 is equal to the area of a circle of radius R , then
find a relation between R, R1 and R2 . (a) r square units (b) 2r square units
(a) R1  R2  R (b) R1  R2  R (c) r 2 square units (d) 4r square units

(c) R12  R2 2  R 2 (d) R12  R2 2  R 2 10. Two circular pieces of equal radii and maximum areas,
touching each other are cut out from a rectangular
3. Find the area of the circle that can be inscribed in a cardboard of dimensions 14 cm × 7 cm. Find the area
square of side 6 cm. of the remaining cardboard.
(a) 6 cm 2 (b) 3 cm 2 11. In Figure., AC = BD = 7 cm and AB = CD = 1.75 cm.
Semi-circles are drawn as shown in the figure. Find the
(c) 9 cm 2 (d)  cm 2 22
area of the shaded region. (Use   )
7
4. What is the perimeter of the sector with radius 10.5 cm
and sector angle 60 ?
(a) 24 cm (b) 36 cm

(c) 32 cm (d) 28 cm

5. A car has two wipers which do not overlap. Each wiper

has a blade of length 25 cm sweeping through an angle
of 115 . Find the total area cleaned at each sweep of 12. A park is of the shape of a circle of diameter 7 m. It is
the blades. surrounded by a path of width of 0.7 m. Find the
(a) 117.54 cm2 (b) 1181.85 cm2 expenditure of cementing the path. If its cost is Rs. 110
per square meter.
(c) 1214.24 cm2 (d) 1254.96 cm2 13. In the given figure, the side of square is 28 cm and
radius of each circle is half of the length of the side of
6. The diameter of the driving wheel of a bus is 140 cm. the square, where O and O are centres of the circle.
How many revolutions per minute must the wheel Find the area of shaded area.
make in order to keep a speed of 66 km per hour?
(a) 150 (b) 220

(c) 250 (d) 349

7. The perimeter of a sector of a circle of radius 5.2 cm is

16.4 cm. Find the area of the sector.
(a) 15 cm2 (b) 15.6 cm2

(c) 14.6 cm2 (d) 16 cm2

8. The side of a square is 10 cm. Find the area between

inscribed and circumscribed circles of the square.
(a) 10 cm2 (b) 20 cm2

(c) 25 cm2 (d) 15 cm 2

AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES 30

14. The area of an equilateral triangle is 1732.05 cm2. 15. On a circular table cover of radius 32 cm, a design is
About each angular point as centre, a circle is described formed leaving an equilateral triangle ABC in the
with radius equal to half the length of the side of the middle as shown in figure. Find the area of the design
triangle. Find the area of the triangle not included in the (shaded region).
circles. (Use   3.14 )
AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES 31

EXERCISE – 2 : AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES

1. Find Area of a sector of angle p (in degrees) of a circle 8. In a circle of radius 21 cm, an arc subtends an angle of
with radius R. 60 at the centre. If the area of segment formed by
p p  3
(a)   R2 (b)  2 R 2 corresponding chord of the arc is 441   cm
2

360 720  6 4 
then find area of the major segment.
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)
 3   3 5 
(a) 441   cm2 (b) 441   cm
2
2. If the sum of the circumferences of two circles with 4 6 4 6
   
radii R1 and R2 is equal to the circumference of a
circle of radius R , then find the relation between R, R1  3 5  2 3  
(c) 441   cm (d) 441   cm 2
and R2 . 4 6  4 6
(a) R1  R2  R (b) R1  R2  R
9. A drain cover is made from a square metal plate of side
40 cm having 441 holes of diameter 1 cm each drilled
(c) R12  R2 2  R 2 (d) R12  R2 2  R 2
in it. Find the area of the remaining square plate.
(a) 1253.5 cm2 (b) 1543.8 cm2
3. If the area of a sector of a circle is 112.04 cm2 and area
of the triangle formed by two radii and the chord is 72 (c) 8790 cm2 (d) None of these
cm2, then find area of the corresponding segment.
(a) 40.4 cm2 (b) 52.13 cm2 10. A chord AB of a circle of radius 15 cm makes an angle
2 2
of 60 at the centre. Find the area of major and minor
(c) 76.24 cm (d) 88.18 cm
segment. (Use   3.14 & 3  1.73 )
4. 2
If area of major segment of a circle is 584.02 cm and 11. A brooch is made with silver wire in the form of a
area of circle is 605 cm2, then find the area of minor circle with diameter 35 mm. The wire is also used in
segment. making 5 diameters which divide the circle into 10
(a) 20 cm2 (b) 20.20 cm2 equal sectors as shown in figure. Find:
(i) the total length of the silver wire required.
(c) 20.98 cm2 (d) 200 cm2 (ii) the area of each sector of the brooch.

5. In a circle of radius 21 cm, an arc subtends an angle of

60 at the centre. Find the area of segment formed by
corresponding chord of the arc.
 3 2
 3 2
(a) 441   cm (b) 441   cm
6 4  4 4 
12. Find the area of the shaded region in figure if PQ = 24
 3  3 cm and PR = 7 cm and O is the centre of the circle.
(c) 44    cm2 (d) 441   cm2
 6 4  6 4

6. Find the area of the square that can be inscribed in a

circle of radius 8 cm.
(a) 120 cm2 (b) 200 cm2

(c) 128 cm2 (d) 182 cm2

7. If the perimeter and the area of a circle are numerically

equal, then the radius of the circle is
(a) 2 units (b)  units

(c) 4 units (d) 7 units

AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES 32

13. Figure shows two arcs PAQ and PBQ. Arc PAQ is a
part of circle with centre O and radius OP while arc
PBQ is a semi-circle drawn on PQ as diameter with
centre M. If OP = OQ = PQ = 10 cm, Find the area of
shaded region.

14. In the given figure, ABCD is a trapezium with

AB || DC , AB = 18 cm and DC = 32 cm and the
distance between AB and DC is 14 cm. If arcs of equal
radii 7 cm taking A, B, C and D have been drawn, then
find the area of the shaded region.

15. In the figure, ABC is an equilateral triangle inscribed in

a circle of radius 4 cm with center O. Find the area of
the colored region.
SURFACE AREA AND VOLUMES 33

EXERCISE – 1 : SURFACE AREA AND VOLUMES

1. A rectangular sheet of paper 40 cm × 22 cm is rolled to (c) 56 m2 (d) 13 m2
form a hollow cylinder of height 40 cm. Find the radius
of the cylinder. 8. Two cubes each of 10 cm edge are joined end to end.
(a) 7 cm (b) 3.5 cm Find the surface area of the resulting cuboid.
(a) 1600 cm2 (b) 200 cm2
(c) 5 cm (d) 3 cm
(c) 1000 cm2 (d) None of these
2. If the radius of the base of a right circular cylinder is
halved, keeping the height same, find the ratio of the 9. Metallic spheres of radii 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm
volume of the reduced cylinder to that of original respectively, are melted to form a single solid sphere.
cylinder. Find the radius of the resulting sphere.
(a) 1: 4 (b) 2 : 3 (a) 10 cm (b) 12 cm

(c) 3 : 2 (d) 4 :1 (c) 14 cm (d) 8 cm

3. A right circular cylinder of radius r cm and height h 10. The cost of painting the total outside surface of a closed
cm (where h  2 r ) just encloses a sphere of diameter cylindrical oil tank at 60 paise per. sq. dm is Rs 237.60.
The height of the tank is 6 times the radius of the base
(a) r cm (b) 2r cm
of the tank. Find its volume correct to two decimal
(c) h cm (d) 2h cm places.
11. A solid is in the shape of a cone standing on a
4. What is the ratio of the total surface area of the solid hemisphere with both their radii being equal to 1 cm
hemisphere to the square of its radius? and the height of the cone is equal to its radius. Find
(a) 3 :1 (b) 3 :1 the volume of the solid in terms of  .

(c)  : 3 (d)  :1

5. A cylindrical pencil sharpened at one edge is the

combination of
(a) a cone and a cylinder

(b) frustum of a cone and a cylinder

(c) a hemisphere and a cylinder

(d) two cylinders 12. Find the number of coins, 1.5 cm in diameter and 0.2
cm thick, to be melted to form a right circular cylinder
6. How many 3 metre cubes can be cut from a cuboid of height 10 cm and diameter 4.5 cm.
measuring 18 m × 12 m × 9 m? 13. A right circular cone of height 8.4 cm and the radius of
(a) 60 (b) 36 its base is 2.1 cm. It is melted and recast into a sphere.
Find the radius of the sphere.
(c) 72 (d) None of these 14. The diameter of a sphere is decreased by 25 %. By
what percent its curved surface area decreases?
7. The diameter of a garden roller is 1.4 m and it is 2 m 15. An iron pillar has some part in the form of a right
long. How much area will it cover in 5 revolutions? circular cylinder and remaining in the form of a right
22 circular cone. The radius of the base of each of cone
(Use   ) and cylinder is 8 cm. The cylindrical part is 240 cm
7
(a) 66 m2 (b) 44 m2 high and the conical part is 36 cm high. Find the weight
of the pillar if one cubic cm of iron weighs 7.8 grams.
SURFACE AREA AND VOLUMES 34

EXERCISE – 2 : SURFACE AREA AND VOLUMES

1. The portion of a cone which remains after its upper 7. A glass cylinder with diameter 20 cm has water to a
part has been cut off by a plane parallel to its base, or height of 9 cm. A metal cube of 8 cm edge is immersed
which is intercepted between two such planes is called in it completely. Calculate the height by which water
as? 22
(a) Cylinder (b) Frustum will rise in the cylinder. (Use   )
7
(a) 1.6 cm (b) 1.62 cm
(c) Prism (d) Pyramid
(c) 1.66 cm (d) 1.629 cm
2. The shape of a gilli, in the gilli-danda game (see in
figure) is a combination of which solids? 8. The radii of two cylinders are in the ratio of 2 : 3 and
their heights are in the ratio of
5 : 3 . The ratio of their volumes is___.
(a) 20 : 25 (b) 20 : 27
(a) a cone and a cylinder
(c) 27 : 20 (d) 25 : 27
(b) two cones and a cylinder
9. A drinking glass is in the shape of a frustum of a cone
(c) a hemisphere and a cylinder of height 14 cm. The diameters of its two circular ends
are 4 cm and 2 cm. Find the capacity of the glass.
(d) two cylinders

3. What is the volume of a right circular cylinder of base

22
radius 7 cm and height 10 cm? (Use   )
7
(a) 1400 cm3 (b) 1540 cm3

(c) 1450 cm3 (d) 1600 cm3

4. If two solid hemispheres of same base radius ' r ’ are

joined together along their bases, then curved surface
area of this new solid is:
(a) 4 r 2 (b) 6 r 2
(a) 102 cm3 (b) 120 cm3
(c) 3 r 2 (d) 8 r 2
2 2
5. For the given figure, find slant height. (c) 102 cm3 (d) 120 cm3
3 3

10. A conical vessel whose internal radius is 5 cm and

height 24 cm is full of water. The water is emptied into
a cylindrical vessel with internal radius 10 cm. Find the
height to which the water rises.
11. A tent is in the shape of a cylinder surmounted by a
(a) 7 cm (b) 8 cm conical top. If the height and diameter of the cylindrical
part are 2.1 m and 4 m, and slant height of the top is 2.8
(c) 9 cm (d) 10 cm m, find the area of the canvas used for making the tent.
Also, find the cost of canvas of the tent at the rate of Rs
6. Twelve solid spheres of the same size are made by 500 per m2.
melting a solid metallic cylinder of base diameter 2 cm
and height 16 cm. The diameter of each sphere is
(a) 2 cm (b) 4 cm

(c) 6 cm (d) 3 cm
SURFACE AREA AND VOLUMES 35

12. A solid iron pole consists of a cylinder of height 220

cm and base diameter 24 cm, which is surmounted by
another cylinder of height 60 cm and radius 8 cm. Find
the mass of the pole given that 1 cm3 of iron has
approximately 8 g mass (Use   3.14 ).

13. Hanumappa and his wife Gangamma are busy making

jaggery out of sugarcane juice. They have processed
the sugarcane juice to make the molasses, which is
poured into moulds in the shape of a frustum of a cone
having the diameters of its two circular face as 30 cm,
35 cm and the vertical height of the mould is 14 cm. If
1 cm3 of molasses has mass about 1.5 g, then find the
mass of the molasses that can be poured into each
22
mould. [Take   ]
7

14. A gulabjamun when completely ready for eating

contains sugar syrup up to about 30% of its volume.
Find approximately how much syrup would be found in
45 gulabjamuns shaped like a cylinder with two
hemispherical ends, if the complete length of each of
the gulabjamun is 5 cm and its diameter is 2.8 cm.
15. A bucket of height 16 cm which is made up of metal
sheet is in the form of frustum of a right circular cone
with radii of its lower and upper ends as 3 cm and 15
cm, respectively. Calculate (i) the height of the cone of
which the bucket is a part (ii) the volume of water
which can be filled in the bucket.
STATISTICS 36

EXERCISE – 1 : STATISTICS

fd (a) 25 (b) 27

i i
1. In the formula x  a  for finding the mean of (c) 25.5 (d) 27.5
f i 9. Find the mean of the following frequency distribution
grouped data d i ’s are the deviations from A of using the assumed mean method.
(a) lower limits of the classes
(b) upper limits of the classes
(c) mid points of the classes
(d) frequencies of the class marks
2. While computing mean of grouped data, we assume
that the frequencies are
(a) evenly distributed over all the classes
(b) centered at the class marks of the classes (a) 18.8 (b) 18.6
(c) centered at the upper limits of the classes (c) 18 (d) 19
(d) centered at the lower limits of the classes 10. Find the mean of the following distribution.
3. Find the mean of first five odd multiples of 5.
(a) 45 (b) 35
(c) 25 (d) None of these
11. The following distribution shows the daily pocket
4. Consider the following frequency distribution:
allowance of children of a locality. The mean pocket
The upper limit of the median class is:
allowance is Rs 18. Find the missing frequency f .

(a) 7 (b) 17.5

(c) 18 (d) 18.5
5. If the arithmetic mean of x, x  3, x  6, x  9 ,
and x  12 is 10, then x 
(a) 1 (b) 2 12. The table below shows salaries of 280 persons:
(c) 6 (d) 4
6. The following table gives the literacy rate (in %) of 25
cities.
Literacy Rate (in Number of cities
percent)
50-60 9
60-70 6 13. If the median of the following data is 240, then find the
70-80 8 value of f .
80-90 2
Find the median class.
(a) 50-60 (b) 70-80
(c) 60-70 (d) 80-90
7. Find the mean of the following distribution.

14. The mean of the following distribution is 48 and sum

of all the frequencies is 50. Find the missing
(a) 14 (b) 20 frequencies x and y.
(c) 15 (d) 17
8. Compute the median marks for the following data.

15. The median of the following data is 16. Find the missing
frequencies a and b if the total of frequencies is 70.
STATISTICS 37

EXERCISE – 2 : STATISTICS
1. The abscissa of the point of intersection of the less 7. Find the sum of the lower limit of the median class and
than type and of the more than type cumulative the upper limit of the modal class:
frequency curves of a grouped data gives its:
(a) mean (b) median
(c) mode (d) All of these
2. What is the formula for finding mean of discrete
frequency distribution by Assumed mean method?
1 n 1 n (a) 80 (b) 70
(a) x  A   fi d i (b) x  A   f i di (c) 90 (d) 50
N i 1 N i 1
n
8. If median = 137 units and mean = 137.05 units, then
(c) x  A   fi di (d) None of these find the mode.
i 1 (a) 136.0 (b) 163
3. Find the median of the set of numbers: 21, 3, 7, 17, 19, (c) 136.9 (d) 139.6
31, 46, 20 and 43. 9. Find the mean of the following distribution:
(a) 19 (b) 20
(c) 31 (d) 17
4. A survey conducted on 30 households in a locality by a
(a) 12 (b) 13
group of students resulted in the below frequency table
(c) 14 (d) 15
for the number of family members in a household: Find
10. The weekly expenditure of 500 families is tabulated
the modal class.
below:
Weekly Expenditure (₹) Number of families
0-1000 150
(a) 1–3 (b) 3–5 1000-2000 200
(c) 7–9 (d) 5–7 2000-3000 75
5. Mode and mean of a data are 12k and 15k , 3000-4000 60
respectively. Find the median of the data. 4000-5000 15
(a) 14k (b) 13k
(c) 15k (d) 12k 11. Given below is the distribution of weekly packet
6. The following data gives the distribution of total money received by students of a class. Calculate the
household expenditure (in rupees) of actual workers in price money that is received by most of the students.
a city:

12. Draw a ‘less than type’ ogive for the following

Find the average expenditure which is being done by frequency distribution.
the maximum number of actual workers.
(a) 1847.826 (b) 1847.6
(c) 1840.7 (d) 1804.7
STATISTICS 38

13. Draw a more than type ogive from the following

distribution.

14. The following frequency distribution gives the monthly

consumption of electricity of 68 consumers of a
locality. Find the median, mean and mode of the data
and compare them.

15. The following table gives the height of trees.

PROBABILITY 39

EXERCISE – 1 : PROBABILITY
1. The probability expressed as a percentage of a 1 2
particular occurrence can never be: (a) (b)
3 7
(a) less than 100
3
(b) less than 0 (c) 1 (d)
(c) greater than 1 7
(d) anything but a whole number 10. The king, queen and jack of clubs are removed from a
2. If a card is selected from a deck of 52 cards, then the deck of 52 cards. The remaining cards are mixed and
probability of its being a red face card is then a card is drawn at random. Find the probability of
3 3 getting,
(a) (b) (i) a face card,
26 13 (ii) a card of heart,
2 1 (iii) a card of club.
(c) (d)
13 2 11. Which of the following experiments have equally
3. When a die is thrown, the probability of getting an odd likely outcomes? Explain.
number less than 3 is (i) A driver attempts to start a car. The car starts or
1 1 does not start.
(a) (b) (ii) A player attempts to shoot a basketball. She/He
6 2 shoots or misses the shot.
1 (iii) A trial is made to answer a true-false question. The
(c) (d) 0
3 answer is right or wrong.
4. Two dice are thrown at the same time and the product (iv) A baby is born. It is a boy or a girl.
of numbers appearing on them is noted. Find the 12. A game of chance consists of spinning an arrow which
probability that the product is a prime number. comes to rest pointing at one of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4,
(a) 6 (b) 1 5, 6, 7 and 8 (see figure) and these are equally likely
1 7 outcomes. What is the probability that it will point at?
(c) (d)
6 36
5. If P  E   0.05, what is the probability of ‘not E ’ ?
(a) 0.5 (b) 1
(c) 0.9 (d) 0.95
6. The probability that a non-leap year selected at random
will contain 53 Sundays is: (i) 8?
(a) 1 (b) 7 (ii) an odd number?
(iii) a number greater than 2?
1 7
(c) (d) 13. A bag contains 8 red balls and some blue balls. If the
7 52 probability of drawing a blue ball is three times of a red
7. Gopi buys a fish from a shop for her aquarium. The ball, then find the number of blue balls in the bag.
shopkeeper takes out one fish at random from a tank 14. A game of chance consists of an arrow which comes to
containing 5 male fishes and 8 female fishes. What is rest pointing at one of the regions 1, 2 or 3. O is the
the probability that the fish taken out is a male fish? centre of the circle, OC  AB .
5
(a) 5 (b)
13
8
(c) 8 (d)
13
8. From the numbers 3, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7, 9, 9, 9, 9, one number
is selected at random, what is the probability that the
selected number is mean? Find the probability that
(a) 3 (b) 7 (i) arrow is resting on 3.
7 3 (ii) arrow is resting on 1.
(c) (d)
10 10 (iii) arrow is not resting on 2.
9. A number x is chosen at random from the numbers -3, 15. Two different dice are thrown together. Find the
probability that the number obtained have
-2, - 1, 0, 1, 2, 3. What is the probability that x  2 ?
(i) even sum, and
(ii) even product
ANSWER KEY 40

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE – 1 : REAL NUMBERS EXERCISE – 1 : ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c) 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (b)
6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (c) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (b)
EXERCISE – 2 : REAL NUMBERS EXERCISE – 2 : ARITHMETIC
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (b) PROGRESSION
6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (c)
1. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (c)
EXERCISE – 1 : POLYNOMIALS 7. (b)
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (b) EXERCISE – 1 : CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY
6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (a)
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 6. (c)
EXERCISE – 2 : POLYNOMIALS 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (a)
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (a) EXERCISE – 2 : CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY
6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (c)
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c)
EXERCISE – 1 : PAIR OF LINEAR 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (d) 11. (c)
EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLE EXERCISE – 1 : CIRCLES
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (c) 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (a)
6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (a) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (b)
EXERCISE – 2: PAIR OF LINEAR EXERCISE – 1 : CONSTRUCTIONS
EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLE 1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (a)
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (d) EXERCISE – 1 : AREAS RELATED TO
6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (d) CIRCLES
EXERCISE – 1 : QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (d)
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c)
6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (c) EXERCISE – 2 : AREAS RELATED TO
EXERCISE – 2 : QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
CIRCLES
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (a) 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a)
6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (a)
EXERCISE – 1 : TRIANGLES
EXERCISE – 1 : SURFACE AREA AND
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (b)
6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (b) VOLUMES
EXERCISE – 2 : TRIANGLES 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (a)
6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (b)
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c) EXERCISE – 2 : SURFACE AREA AND
EXERCISE – 1 : INTRODUCTION TO VOLUMES
TRIGONOMETRY 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (d)
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (c)
6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (b) EXERCISE – 1 : STATISTICS
EXERCISE – 2 : INTRODUCTION TO 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (d)
6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (a)
TRIGONOMETRY
EXERCISE – 2 : STATISTICS
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (d)
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (a)
6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (a)
6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (d)
EXERCISE – 1 : SOME APPLICATIONS OF
EXERCISE – 1 : PROBABILITY
TRIGONOMETRY 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d)
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (d)
6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (a)
SOLUTION 41

SOLUTION
EXERCISE – 1 : REAL NUMBERS 135  105  1  30
1. 25  6  4  3 is an incorrect statement since 105  30  3  15
25  6  4  1 . 30  15  2  0
2. Euclid’s Division Algorithm is used to find the HCF  HCF  240,135  15
of two positive integers.
15  105  30  3
3. 180  22  32  51
15  105  135 105  1  3
225  32  52
Hence, HCF  32  51  9  5  45 15  105  135  3  105  3
4. The lowest prime powers 15  105  4  135  3
of 27  35  58  73 116 134 and 15   240  135  1  4  135  3
24  38  53  7 2 114 137 are 24 ,35 ,53 , 7 2 ,114 and 15  240  4  135  4  135  3
4
13 . 15  240  4  135  7
Hence, HCF  24  35  53  72 114 134 15  240  4   135  7 
5. 36  15  2  6  x  4, y  7
15  6  2  3
6  3 2  0 12. Any odd number is of the form 2 x  1 and any even
6. 99  4  24  3 number is of the form 2y , where x and y are
Hence, 99 is of the form 4m  3 and not 4m  1 whole numbers.
Hence, their sum,
7. 140  22  51  71
S  2 x  1  2 y  2  x  y   1  2m  1 , where m is
168  23  31  71
a whole number.
196  22  72
Since S is the form 2 m  1, S is odd.
Hence, HCF  22  71  4  7  28 Hence proved.
8. The highest prime powers of 13. 154  126  1  28
132 191  231  372  413 and 126  28  4  14
133  232  371  412  472 are 133 ,191 , 232 ,37 2 , 413 28  14  2  0
and 47 2 .  HCF 126,154   14
Hence, LCM  133 191  232  372  413  472 14  126  28  4
9. We will do the factorization 1750 by using Euclid’s
division lemma formula as shown below: 14  126  154  126 1  4
1750  84  20  70 14  126  5  154  4
Now by considering the divisor as 84 and the 14  126  5   154  4 
remainder as 70 we will again Euclid’s division
lemma formula  x  5, y  4
84  70  1  14 14  126  5  154  4
We will again repeat the same step till the remainder 14  126  5  154  4  126 154  126 154
will be equals to zero. Now, consider as the divisor
and 14 as remainder. 14  126  5  126 154  154  4  154 126
70  14  5  0 14  126  149  154  122
Thus, the last divisor we get after applying Euclid’s 14  126  149   154 122 
rule is 14.  x  149, y  122
 HCF  84,1750   14 Since we can find other pairs of values for x and y
10. 294  21  31  72 , the expression is not unique.
420  22  31  51  71 14. (i) We have,
17 17
 3 0
450  21  32  52 8 2 5
HCF  294, 420, 450   21  31  2  3  6 17
So, the has terminating decimal expansion.
8
LCM  294, 420, 450   22  32  52  72
 4  9  25  49  44100
11. 240  135  1  105
SOLUTION 42

17 From statements (i) and (ii), n 2  1 is always

The decimal expansion of terminates after three
8 divisible by 8, if n is any odd positive integer.
places of decimals. Hence proved.
(ii) We have,
64

64 EXERCISE – 2 : REAL NUMBERS
455 5  7  13 1. 85  4  21  1
Clearly, 455 is not of the form 2m  5n . Hence, 85 is of the form 4m + 1 and not 4m + 3.
64 2. 54  21  33
So, the decimal expansion of is non-
455 60  2 2  31  51
terminating repeating. Hence, LCM  2 2  33  51  4  27  5  540
15 3 3 3. The lowest prime powers
(iii) We have,   6 7 5 8 3 6 4
1600 320 2  5 of 2  3  5  7 11 13 and
This means that the prime factorization of the 24  38  53  7 2 114 137 are 24 ,35 ,53 , 7 2 ,114 and
15 134 .
denominator of is of the form 2m  5n .
1600 Hence, HCF  24  35  53  72 114 134
Hence, it has terminating decimal expansion which
4. 36  15  2  6
terminates after 6 places of decimals.
15  6  2  3
(iv) Clearly, the prime factorization of the
6  3 2  0
23
denominator of 3 2 is of the form 2m  5n . So, 5. We use the method of contradiction to prove the
2 5
irrationality of numbers such as 2, 3, 5 etc.
It has terminating decimal expansion which
terminates after 3 places of decimals. 6. 25  5
15. According to Euclid’s Division Lemma, a positive 16 16 4
integer is of the form 4 m, 4 m  1, 4 m  2 or 4m  3 .  
9 9 3
Since 4m and 4m  2 may be written as 2  2m  7 is irrational
and 2  2m  1 respectively, 4m and 4m  2 are 10  26  36  6
even numbers. 7. We will do the factorization 1750 by using Euclid’s
Since 4m  1 and 4m  3 may be written as division lemma as shown below:
2  2m   1 and 2  2m  1  1 respectively, 4m  1 1750  84  20  70
Now by considering the divisor as 84 and the
and 4m  3 are odd numbers. remainder as 70 we will again Euclid’s division
Thus, any odd positive integer is of the form 4m  1 lemma formula
or 4m  3 . 84  70  1  14
Since n is any odd positive integer, n is of the form We will again repeat the same step till the remainder
4m  1 or 4m  3 . will be equals to zero. Now, consider as the divisor
Case 1: n  4m  1 and 14 as remainder.
2
n 2  1   4m  1  1 70  14  5  0
Thus, the last divisor we get after applying Euclid’s
 16m 2  8m  1  1 rule is 14.
 8m  2m  1  HCF  84,1750   14
 8k 8. The lowest prime powers of
Where k  m  2m  1 is some whole number. 2 7  35  58  7 3  116  134 and
2 4  38  53  7 2  114  137 are 24 ,35 ,53 , 7 2 ,114 and
Since n 2  1 is of the form 8k , it is divisible by 8
……(i) 134
Case 2: n  4m  3 Hence, HCF  2 4  35  53  7 2  114  134
2 9. Let n be the required number.
n 2  1   4m  3   1
 245  nq1  5 and 1029  nq2  5
 16m 2  24m  9  1
 nq1  240 and nq2  1024
 8  2m 2  3m  1  n  HCF  240,1024 
 8k 1024  240  4  64
Where k  2m2  3m  1 is some whole number. 240  64  3  48
Since n 2  1 is of the form 8k , it is divisible by 8 64  48  1  16
…...(ii) 48  16  3  0
SOLUTION 43

 HCF  240,1024  16 23 23 23
   0.92
 n  16 25 5  5 52
10. Chocolate Type I contains 24 chocolates in 1 pack. 14. Let the three consecutive positive integers be x, x +
Chocolate Type II contains 15 chocolates in 1 pack. 1 and x + 2.
We want equal number of both types of chocolates. Their product P = x(x + 1) (x + 2).
The least number of chocolates = LCM (24, 15) According to Euclid’s Division Lemma, x is either
24  23  31 of the form 2m or 2m + 1.
15  31  51 Case 1: x = 2m
P = 2m(2m + 1) (2m + 2)
 LCM  24,15  22  31  51  8  3  5  120 = 2k.
120 Where k = m(2m + 1) (2m + 2) is some whole
Number of packs of Type I chocolates  =5 number.
24
packs. Since P is of the form 2k, it is divisible by 2. ….(i)
Case 2: x = 2m + 1
120
Number of packs of Type II chocolates  =8 P = (2m + 1) (2m + 2) (2m + 3)
15 = 2 (2m + 1) (m + 1)
packs. = 2k,
n
11. 15n   3  5   3n  5n Where k = (2m + 1) (m + 1) (2m + 3) is some whole
n
number.
14 n   2  7   2 n  7 n Since P is of the form 2k, it is divisible by 2. …(ii)
15n has 5 in its prime factorization but does not From statements (i) and (ii), P is always divisible by
have 2 in it. 2. ….(iii)
According to Euclid’s Division Lemma, x is either
14n has 2 in its prime factorization but does have 5 of the form 3m, 3m + 1 or 3m + 2.
in it.
Case 1: x = 3m + 1
So neither 15n nor 14n ends in the digit 0. P = (3m + 1) (3m + 2)
15n  14 n  3n  5n  2 n  7 n = 3k.
15n  14 n contains both 2 and 5 in its prime Where k = m(3m + 1) (3m + 2) is some whole
factorization. number.
So it ends in the digit 0. Since P is of the form 3k, it is divisible by 3. …(iv)
Case 2: x = 3m + 1
12. Let us assume on the contrary that 3  2 5 is
P = (3m + 1) (3m + 1 + 1) (3m + 2 + 1)
rational.
= (3m + 1) (3m + 2) (3m + 3)
Then, there exist co – prime positive integers a and b
= 3 (3m + 1) (3m + 2) (m + 1)
such that
= 3k,
a Where k = (3m + 1) (3m + 2) (m + 1) is some whole
3 2 5 
b number.
a Since P is of the form 3km it is divisible by 3.
 2 5  3 …(v)
b
Case 3: x = 3m + 2
a  3b P = (3m + 2) (3m + 2 + 1) (3m + 2 + 2)
 5
2b = (3m + 2) (3m + 3) (3m + 4)
a  3b = 3k,
 5 is rational [  a, b are integers  is a Where k = (3m + 2) (m + 1) (3m + 4) is some whole
2b
number.
rational]
Since P is of the form 3k, it is divisible is by 3.
This contradicts the fact that 5 is irrational. …..(vi)
So, our supposition is incorrect. From statements (iv), (v) and (vi), P is divisible by
Hence, 3  2 5 is an irrational number. 3. ….(vii)
13 13 13 From statements (iii) and (iv), since P is divisible by
13.   3  1.625 both 2 and 3, it is always by 6.
8 2 2 2 2
15. Assuming that 3  5 is an irrational number
12 2 12
  2 1  0.6 p
20 2  2  5 2  5  3  5  , where p and q are co-prime
q
7 7 7
  1 1  0.46666... integers and q  0
15 3  5 3  5
SOLUTION 44

p b   3 3
 5  3 8. pq   
q a k k
2
p 2  2k
pq  2

  5 
   3
q 
k
p  q  pq
2
p p 3
 5  2  3 2 3 2
q q k
p p2 3
2 3  35 k
q q2 2
p p2 9. Sum of two zeroes = 400
2 3  2 Let us say third zero is p
q q2
  500 
p p 2  2q 2 Sum of all three zeroes 
2 3  1
q q2 400  p  500
p 2  2q 2 q p  100
 3 
q2 2p 10. Let us say the zeroes are  ,  and 1
2 2
p  2q        1     1  b
 3
2 pq       b
r   b     .... 1
 3  , where r  p 2  2 pq 2 and s  2 pq are
8     1  a
integers
    a  1 ....  2 
 3 is a rational number
Putting equation (2) in equation (1)
But we know that 3 is an irrational number
  b  a  1
 We have a contradiction
 The assumption is incorrect. 11. Let us say the zeroes are  ,  and 
 3  5 is an irrational number To find  2   2   2 , we use
EXERCISE – 1 : POLYNOMIALS
2
 2   2   2         2      
1. If a is equal to 0, then we will have to divide by 0, b
which is not possible.       3
a
2. Since the graph of the polynomial intersects the X c
axis thrice, it has three zeroes.        3
3. A quadratic polynomial can have 0, 1 or 2 zeroes but a
2
not more.  2   2   2   3   2   3   9  6  3
4. The graph of any polynomial of the form ax  b is a 12.   1
straight line.   2
q
5. Sum of roots   
p
      13
pq 2  2    13
Product of roots  q
p
3  15
6. Sum of roots  5   6   1  5
Product of roots  5   6   30 b        
p  x   x 2      x      1  2  5 
2
 x   1 x   30   2
2
 x  x  30 d  
7. Sum of zeroes  5  2  5  2  10    1 2  5 

  
Product of zeroes  5  2 5  2  25  2  23  10
 b  d  2  10  12
So, the required polynomial is x 2  10 x  23 .
SOLUTION 45

13.   
3 EXERCISE – 2 : POLYNOMIALS
2 1. Since the graph of the polynomial intersects the X
  1 axis 3 times, it has 3 zeroes.
2 2 2. The graph of a constant polynomial is a line parallel
          4
to X axis.
2
3 3. p  x  g  x  q  x  r  x
  4
2 p  x    x 2  5 x  6    x  1  5
9
 4 p  x   x3  5 x 2  6 x  x 2  5 x  6  5
4
25 p  x   x3  6 x 2  11x  11

4 4. Let p  x    k  1 x 2  kx  1
5
         Given that, one of the zeroes is – 3, then
2 P (– 3) = 0
14. 1    2 2
  k  1 3  k  3  1  0
 2    2
 9  k  1  3k  1  0
1   2    2    2
 6k  8  0
 3   
4
1 2    2    2  k 
3
   2 2  2 2  4 5. Given, one zero of the quadratic polynomial
 2      
2 x 2  3 x  k is 2
2
    3  2  3 2  k  0

  2 46k  0
k  10
 1  2  3  3  9
6.
2
1 2  2  3   2   x  2  2 x 2  x  3  2 x  3
 18  2   2x2  4x 
 16
 The required polynomial is, 3x  3
k  x 2  1   2  x  1 2  , k  0   3x  6 

 k  x 2  9 x  16  , k  0 9

  
15.   7.       1
         2
2 2 2 2
    2   2   2         2      
  
2
2  2  2   1  2  2 
 =1+4

2
=5
       2       8.

 x 2  x  1 x 4  3x 3  5 x 2  2 x  4  x 2  4 x  10
2
   2    3   x 4  x3  x 2 
   2 
2  2
  4 x3  6 x 2  2 x
  4
    4 x 3  4 x 2  4 x 
 2 
1 3 10 x 2  6 x  4

2
 10 x 2  10 x  10 
 1
 16 x  14
SOLUTION 46

9. Let us say zeroes of the polynomial are  ,  and 

  d 
 
2
d
49 
2
d = 98
  9 
10. pq p pq 
1
 3p  9  p  3
  15
 3  q  3 3  q   Now, px  q  2 x  3  p  2 and q = 3
1
 39  q 2
  15 13. On dividing  3 x 3  10 x 2  14 x  9  by (3x – 2), we
 9  q2  5 get:
2
q 4
 q  2
If q = 2, the zeroes are 1, 3, 5
If q = – 2, the zeroes are 5, 3, 1
 The zeroes are 1, 3, 5
3
11. x are zeroes
2
3 3
 x and x  are factors
4 2
 3  3 Required number to be subtracted = 5
x  x  is a factor
 2  2  14. Let f  x    x 3  3 x 2  x  2  , q  x    x  2  and
 
3 r  x    2 x  4 
 x 2  is a factor
2 Then,
 2 x 2  3 is a factor f  x  r  x
f  x  g  x q  x  r  x  g  x 
q  x
Now,  f  x  r  x   x 3
 3x 2  x  2    2 x  4  
  x  3x  3 x  2 
3 2

On dividing  x3  3 x 2  3 x  2  by (x – 2) we get
g(x).

x2  x  2
 x2  2x  x  2
 x  x  2   x  2
  x  1 x  2 
 The other two zeroes are 1, – 2.  g  x    x 2  x  1
12. Let  x 4  2 x 3  8 x 2  12 x  18  and
g  x    x2  5 .
On dividing f  x  by g  x  , we get
SOLUTION 47

15. Since and are the zeroes of f (x), it follows that each 4. Let the number of 1₹ and 2₹ coins be x and y.
According to the given conditions, x  y  50 and
       
one of  x  2  3  and  x  2  3  is a factor
x  2 y  75 are the two linear equations.
f (x).
5. Let the present age of father's be ‘ x ’ years and
 
 x  2  3  x  2  3 
    present age of son's be ‘ y ’ years. According to the
2 problem, x  6 y
  x  2   3   x  2   3    x  2   3   x 2  4 x  1
   x  6y  0 .... 1
is factor of f (x). After 4 years, x  4  4  y  4  On simplifying
On dividing f (x) by  x 2  4 x  1 , we get above eq., we get x  4  4 y  16
 x  4 y  12 ....  2 
6. The given system of equations will have infinitely
many solutions if
2 3 7
 
2    28
1 1 3 1
  and 
 4   4
   4 and     12
   4 and   8
7. Let the angles be ‘ x ’ and ‘ y ’, assuming ‘ x ’ as
bigger angle.
x 2  2 x  35 x  y  180
 x 2  5 x  7 x  35 x  y  70  y  x  70
  x  5  7  x  5  x  x  70  180
 2 x  250
  x  7  x  5
 x  125
 Zeroes are 7, – 5.
8. 2 x  5 y  11  0
EXERCISE – 1 : PAIR OF LINEAR 3x  4 y  5  0
EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLE
1. Substitution, Elimination and Cross-multiplication
are algebraic methods of finding the solution of a
pair of linear equations in two variables while the
graphical method is not. x y 1
 
2. 2 x  7 y  8  0, 4 x  3 y  1  0 25  44 10  33 8  15
a1  2, b1  7, c1  8 x y 1
 
a2  4, b2  3, c2  1 69 23 23
a1 2 1  x  3, y  1
  9.
a2 4 2
Time Nuri Sonu
b1 7 Five years ago x5 y 5

b2 3 Now x y
c1 8 Ten years hence x  10 y  10
  8
c2 1
a1 b1 According to the question,
 
a2 b2  x  5  3 y  5
 The pair of linear equations has a unique  x  5  3 y  15
solution.  x  3 y  10  0
a1 b1 c1 1
3.   
a2 b2 c2 2
SOLUTION 48

 x  10   2  y  10  By cross-multiplication, we get
 x  10  2 y  20
 x  2 y  10  0
x  2 y  10  0 x y

  x  3 y  10   0 b    a  b    a     a  b  a    a  b   b    a  b 
0  y  20  0 1

 y  20 a  b 2
2

 Sonu’s age = 20 years x y 1

 2 
  a  b2 
2
10.  ax  by  b  a  ....  i  b  a  b   a  a  b   a  b 2

abx  aby  a 2  b2 ...  ii  x y 1

 
Multiplying eq.(i) by a, we get   a 2  b2  a 2  b2   a 2  b 2 
a 2 x  aby  ab  a 2 ....  iii 
Adding (ii) and (iii) x
 a  b   1 and
2 2

y
 a  b   1
2 2

 a  b  2 2
 a  b 
2 2
a 2 x  aby  ab  a 2
Hence, the solution of the given system of equations
abx  aby  a 2  b 2
is x  1, y  1
a a  b x  b  a  b 1 1
13. Let  U and V
b x 1 y2
x
a 5U  V  2  5U  V  2  0
ax  b  a 6U  3V  1  6U  3V  1  0
y
b
b U V 1
a  b  a 5 1 2
a
   6 3 1
b
a
 U V 1
b  
a
1 1   3 2   5  1   6  2  5  3   6 1
y U V 1
b  
b a 1  6 5  12 15  6
xy    1 U V 1
a b  
11. Let the numbers be x and y 7 7 21
x  y  100 1 1
U  and V 
3 3
x 2  y 2  256000
1 1 1 1
  x  y  x  y   256000   and 
x 1 3 y2 3
256000
 x y   x  1  3 and y  2  3
1000
 x  4 and y  5
 x  y  256
14. Let the train’s speed be v km/hr
x  y  1000
Let the distance be s km
x  y  256 Let the time taken be t hrs.
2 x  1256  s  vt
 x  628 Case 1:
 y  x  256  628  256 s   v  10  t  2 
 y  372  s  vt  2v  10t  20
12. The given system of equations may be written as  2v  10t  20  0
ax  by   a  b   0  v  5t  10  0
Case 2:
bx  ay   a  b   0
SOLUTION 49

s   v  10  t  3 5 y  400  0
 s  vt  3v  10t  30  y  80
 3v  10t  30  0  x  240  140  0
2v  10t  20  0  x  100
3v  10t  30  0 Hence, cost prices of tea-set and lemon-set are Rs.
100 and Rs. 80 respectively.
v  0  50  0  Difference = Rs. 100 – Rs. 80 = Rs. 20
 v  50 km / hr
EXERCISE – 2: PAIR OF LINEAR
v  10
t
5 EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLE
50  10 1. l1 , l2 and l3 are not concurrent lines. They do not

5 intersect in a single point. So, there is no common
60 solution for l1 , l2 and l3 .
 2. 2x  3y  5  0
5
 12 26 x  39 y  60  0
 t  12 hrs a1  2, b1  3, c1  5
 s  vt  50  12  600 km a2  26, b2  39, c2  60
a1 2 1
15. Let the cost price of the tea-set and the lemon-set be  
a2 26 13
Rs. x and Rs. y respectively.
Case I: b1 3 1
 
The tea-set is sold at 5% loss and lemon-set at 15% b2 39 13
gain.
c1 5 1
5x x  
Loss on tea-set  Rs.  Rs. c2 60 12
100 20
15 y 3y a1 b1 c1
Gain on lemon-set  Rs.  Rs.   
100 20 a2 b2 c2
 3y x   The pair of lines parallel lines.
Net gain  Rs.    3. x y 8
 20 20 
x y  2
3y x
  7  x y  x y  8 2
20 20
 3 y  x  140  2 x  10
 x  3 y  140  0  x5
 y  8 x  85  3
Case II:
The tea-set is sold at 5% gain and the lemon-set at  y3
10% gain.  x  5, y  3
5x x 3 1 5 1 7 1
Gain on tea-set  Rs.  Rs. 4.  ,  and 
100 20 6 2 10 2 7 1
10 y y Consider given equations as
Gain on lemon-set  Rs.  Rs.
100 10 a1 x  b1 y  c1 , a2 x  b2 y  c2
 x y a1 b1 c1
Total gain  Rs.    Then   i.e., the given pair of linear
 20 10  a2 b2 c2
x y equations have no solution.
   13
20 10 5. If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then the
 x  2 y  260 lines will be intersecting or coincident. Otherwise,
 x  2 y  260  0 they are parallel.
6. Intersecting lines have 1 solution; coincident lines
Subtracting x  2 y  260  0 from x  3 y  140  0 , have infinite solution and Parallel lines have no
we get solution.
7. 2 x  5 y  10
SOLUTION 50

10  5 y   2n  3m  y  2n  3m
x
2  y 1
53 2
x y x  1
2 2
5 0
0 2  x  1, y  1
11.
89 x  123 y  670
123 x  89 y  602
212 x  212 y  1272
x y 6
89 x  123 y  670
 123x  89 y  602 
 34 x  34 y  68
 x y 2
x y 6
x  y  2
0  2y  8

8. The given equations are of the form y4

a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 and a2 x  b2 y  c2  0 , where x  6 y
a1  1, b1  2, c1  7 and a2  2, b2  k , c2  14  64
The given equations will represent coincident lines 2
if they have infinitely many solutions. x2
a1 b1 c1 1 2 7 Hence, x  2, y  4
     k 4
a2 b2 c2 2 k 14 12. 8x  5 y  34 .... i 
Hence, the given system of equations will represent 13x  9 y  21 ... ii 
coincident lines, if k  4
Multiply eq.(i) by 9 and eq.(ii) by 5, we get
5y  2
9. 3x  5 y  2  0  x  72 x  45 y  306
3
65 x  45 y  105
 5y  2 
4   3 y  22  0 137 x  411
 3 
20 y  8  9 y  66  0  x3
29 y  58 8 x  34
y
y2 5
8  3  34
5  2  2 
x 5
3
24  34
12 
 5
3
x4 10

 Solution is x  4, y  2 5
10. 2x  3y  5  2
 y  2
mx  ny  m  n
 x  y  32 1
5  3y
2x  3y  5  x  13. We have
2
2 x  3 y  13  0
 5  3y 
 m   ny  m  n 3x  2 y  12  0
 2 
Now,
 5m  3my  2ny  2m  2n
SOLUTION 51

2 x  3 y  13  0 From (iv), we get

 2 x  3 y  13 7x  8  2 y
3 y  13 8  2y
x x
2 7
When y  1, we have 8 2y
Substituting x  in (iii), we get
3  1  13 7
x  5
2  8  2y 
4   3 y  17
When y  3, we have  7 
3  3  13 32  8 y
x  2   3 y  17
2 7
Thus, we have the following table giving points on  32  29 y  17  7
the line 2 x  3 y  13  0  29 y  119  32
 29 y  87
x 5 2
y 87
1 3 y 3
29
Now, 8  2y
Putting y  3 in x  , we get
3x  2 y  12  0 7
 3x  2 y  12 8  23
x
2 y  12 7
x 86
3 
2  0  12 7
When y  0, we have x   4 14
3  2
2  3  12 7
When y  3, we have x   2 Hence, the solution of the given system of equation
3
Thus, we have the following table giving points on is x  2, y  3 .
the line 3 y  2 y  12  0 EXERCISE – 1 : QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
x 4 2 1. ax 2  bx  c  0, where a, b & c are real number &
y 0 3 a0
2. x 2  17 x  10
Graph of the given equations are:
 x 2  17 x  10  0
 a  1, b  17 & c  10
 a  b  c  1  17  10
 18  10
8
3
3.  x  2  x3  4
 x 3  8  6 x 2  12 x  x 3  4
 6 x 2  12 x  12  0
 x2  2x  2  0
It is of the form ax 2  bx  c  0, a  0 & a, b & c are
Clearly, two lines intersect at (-2, 3) real numbers.
Hence, x  2, y  3 is the solution of the given 4. we have,
x2  9  0
system of equations.
14. The given system of equation is  x 2  32  0
0.4 x  0.3 y  1.7 ...  i    x  3 x  3  0
0.7 x  0.2 y  0.8 ...  ii   x  3  0 or, x  3  0
Multiplying both sides of (i) and (ii), by 10, we get  x  3or, x  3
4 x  3 y  17 ...  iii   x  3
5. We have,
7x  2 y  8 ...  iv  x 2  8 x  16  0
SOLUTION 52

x 2  4 x  4 x  16  0 11. 15 x 2  10 6 x  10  0
x  x  4  4  x  4  0  3x2  2 6 x  2  0
2
  x  4  0  3x 2  6 x  6 x  2  0
 x  4, x  4  3x  3x  2  2   
3x  2  0
Thus, both the roots of the given equation are equal.
6. x3  x 2  x3  1  3x  x  1
 3x  2  3x  2  0 
x3  x 2  x3  1  3 x 2  3x 22
x  or
 x 2  3x 2  1  3x  0 3 3
 x 2  3x 2  1  3x  0 12. On completing the square, x 2  4 x  4  4  8  0
2
2 x 2  3x  1  0  x  2  8  4  0
It is of the form of ax 2  bx  c  0. 2
  x  2   12  0
7. 3x2  2 x  3  0 2
  x  2   12
 3 x 2  3x  x  3  0
2
  
 3x x  3  1 x  3  0    x  2  2 3
2
 

 x 3  
3x  1  0  x  2  2 3
 x  22 3
1
 x  3or  x  2  2 3or2  2 3
3
8.  x 2  3x  3  0
x  3 3x  7
On comparing with ax 2  bx  c  0 13. We have, 
x  2 2x  3
a  1, b  3, c  3
  x  3 2 x  3   x  2  3x  7 
b 3
 Sum of the roots   3  2 x 2  3 x  6 x  9  3 x 2  x  14
a 1
 2 x 2  3  9  3 x 2  x  14
9. 3x 2  10 x  7 3  0
 x 2  3 x  x  14  9  0
 3x2  3x  7 x  7 3  0
 x2  4x  5  0
  
 3x x  3  7 x  3  0   x2  5x  x  5  0

 x 3  
3x  7  0  x  x  5   1 x  5   0
  x  5 x  1  0
 x  3  0or, 3x  7  0
7  x  5  0 or x  1  0
 x   3 or, x    x  5 or x  1
3
 x  5 and x  1 are the two roots of the given
7 quadratic equation.
Thus x   3 and x   are two roots of the
3 14. We have,
given equation. 2 x2  5x  3  0
1 5 3
10. Since, is a root of the equation,  x2  x   0
2 2 2
5 5 3
x 2  kx   0  x2  x  
4 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 5 5 5 5 3
Then,    k     0  x2  2   x       
2  2 4 2  4 4 2
1 k 5  5 25 3
2
   0 x   
4 2 4 4  16 2

k 5 1 2
    5 1
2 4 4 x  
k  4  16
 1 5 1
2  x  
k 2 4 4
SOLUTION 53

5 1   b    b 
2
 4  a  c 
x 
4 4 5. x
2a
5 1 6 5 1 4
 x    or, x    b  b  4ac 2
4 4 4 4 4 4 
3 2a
 x  or, x  1
2 6. The given equation is 2 x 2  10 x  k  0
Hence, the roots of the equation 2 x 2  5 x  3  0 are Here, a  2, b  10 and c  k
2
3  D  b 2  4ac    10   4  2  k  100  8k
and 1.
2 The given equation will have real and equal roots, if
15. We have, D0
5x2  6 x  2  0  100  8k  0
6 2
 x2  x   0 100 25
5 5 k 
8 2
6 2
 x2  x  7. The given equation is 2 x 2  5 3 x  6  0
5 5
2 2
Here, a  2, b  5 3 and c  6
2 3 3 2 3 2
 x  2  x       
5
    5 5 5
 D  b 2  4ac  5 3    4  2  6  75  4  2  6  27  0

3  19
2 So, the given equation has real roots, given by

x   b  D 5 3  27 2 3 3
 5 25    
2a 2 2 4 2
3 19
 x  And,
5 5
b  D 5 3  27 5 3  3 3
3 19 3  19     2 3
x   2a 2a 4
5 5 5
8. Put the value of x  2 in 2 x3  7 x  6  0
3  19 3  19 2
x or, x  2  2  7  2  6
5 5
 8  14  6
Hence, the roots of the given equation are
0
3  19 3  19
x and, x   So, x  2 is a root of 2 x 2  7 x  6  0
5 5
1
EXERCISE – 2 : QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 9. Putting x   in 3x2  2kx  3  0
2
1. Let the age of the father be ‘ x ’ years 2
 1  1
 Age of son   35  x  years 3     2k     3  0
 2   2
and product of their ages
3
x  35  x   150  k 3  0
4
 35 x  x 2  150 3  12
k
 x 2  35 x  150  0 4
2. The given equation is x 2  4 x  2  0 9
Hence, k 
Here, a  1, b  4 and, c  2 4
2
 D  b 2  4ac   4   4  1 2  16  8  8 1 2 4
10.  
3. The given equation is x 2  x  1  0 x 1 x  2 x  4
Here, a  1, b  1 and c  1 . 1 2 1 3
   
 D  b2  4ac  12  4 11  1  4  3 x 1 x  2 x  4 x  4
1 1 3 2
4. ax2  bx  c  0    
x 1 x  4 x  4 x  2
 D  b2  4ac  0
x  4  x 1 x2
 No real roots  
 x  1 x  4  x  4  x  2 
3 x2

x 1 x  2
SOLUTION 54

 3x  6  x2  x  2 It is given that three years hence Swati’s age will be

2 2
 x  4x  8  0 of Varun’s age.
5
4  16  32 4  4 3 2
x   22 3  x  10   5 x 2  10 
2 2 5
11. Put x  4 in x 2  px  4  0 , we get
 x  10  2 x 2  4
2
 4   p   4   4  0  p  3  2 x2  x  6  0
Putting p  3 in x 2  px  k  0 , we get b  b 2  4ac
x
x 2  3x  k  0 2a
For equal roots, D  0 1  1  4  2  6 
 b 2  4ac  0  (Using a  2, b  1, c  6 )
4
 9  4  1 k  0 1  40
9 
k 4
4 1 7

12. Here, A   c 2  ab  , B  2  a 2  bc  , C   b 2  ac  4
For real equal roots D  B2  4 AC  0 3
 2 or 
2 2
  2  a 2  bc    4  c 2  ab  b 2  ac   0  x  2 … As age cannot be negative.
 4  a 4  b 2 c 2  2a 2 bc   4  b 2 c 2  c3 a  ab3  a 2 bc   0 Swati’s present age  2  7  9 years
Varun’s present age  5  4  7  27 years
 4  a 4  b 2 c 2  2a 2 bc  b 2 c 2  c 3 a  ab3  a 2 bc   0 15. Suppose the faster pipe takes x minutes to fill the
 4  a 4  ac3  ab3  3a 2 bc   0 cistern. Therefore, the slower pipe will take  x  3
minutes to fill the cistern.
 a  a 3  c 3  b3  3abc   0 Since the faster pipe takes x minutes to fill the
 a  0 or a3  b3  c3  3abc cistern
13. Let marks in Mathematics  x  Portion of the cistern filled by the faster pipe in
Then, marks in Science  32  x 1
one minute 
Again, according to the question, x
 32  x  2  x  4   253  Portion of the cistern filled by the faster pipe in
  30  x  x  4   253 40 1 40 40
minutes   
13 x 13 13 x
 26 x  x 2  120  253
Similarly,
 x 2  26 x  133  0 40
Portion of the cistern filled by the slower pipe in
 x 2  19 x  7 x  133  0 13
 x  x  19   7  x  19   0 minutes
 x  7 or x  19 1 40 40
  
If x  7 , then marks in mathematics = 7 x  3 13 13  x  3
and marks in Science = 25 40
If x  19 , then It is given that the cistern is filled in minutes
13
Marks in Mathematics = 19
Marks in Science = 13. 40 40
  1
14. Seven years ago, let Swati’s age be x years. Then, 13x 13  x  3
seven years ago Varun’s age was 5x 2 years. 1 1 13
  
 Swati’s present age   x  7  years, Varun’s x x  3 40
x  3  x 13
present age   5 x 2  7  years  
x  x  3 40
Three years hence, we have
Swati’s age   x  7  3 years   x  10  years  40  2 x  3  13 z  x  3 
 80 x  120  13 x 2  39 x
Varun’s age   5 x 2  7  3 years   5 x 2  10 
 13 x 2  65 x  24 x  120  0
years
SOLUTION 55

 13x  x  5   24  x  5  0 7. Construction – Join AC, meeting PQ in R

In ADC , Since PR || DC , using BPT,
  x  5 13x  24   0
AP AR
 x  5  0 or 13 x  24  0  ....  i 
24 PD RC
 x  5 or x  In ABC , since RQ || AB , using BPT,
13
 x5 CR CQ AR BQ
   ....  ii 
EXERCISE – 1 : TRIANGLES RA QB RC QC
1. ASA From (i) and (ii),
2. AP BQ

PD QC
8. In ABC , since PQ || BC , by BPT,
AP AQ
 .... i 
PB QC
In ADC , since QR || CD , by BPT,
By BPT, AQ AR
 ....  ii 
BP BQ AP CQ QC RD
  
PA QC PB QB From (i) and (ii),
3. In ABC ,  A   B   C  180 AP AR
 ....  iii 
 A  90  52  A  38 PB RD
In PQR, P  Q  R  180 AP AR
In ABD , since  [from (iii)]
 90  48  R  180  R  42 PB RD
In XYZ ,  X   Y   Z  180 By converse of BPT, PR || BD .
 X  52  38  180  X  90 9.
The corresponding angles of ABC and ZXY are
equal but not RPQ , so PQR is not similar to the
rest of the triangles.
4. ABC  PQR
BD AB BC CA BA 8 4
     
QS PQ QR RP QP 10 5
When BD and QS are the medians, angle bisectors BC 12 4
or altitudes of triangles ABC and PQR respectively,  
QR 15 5
then above condition holds true.
5. BA BC
 
QP QR
perimeter  ABC  AB BC CA BA BC
ABC  PQR     In BAC and QPR ,  and
perimeter  PQR  PQ QR RP QP QR
B  Q  BAC  QPR by SAS
31 1
  BA BC AC AC 4
perimter  PQR  2       AC  4k and
QP QR PR PR 5
 perimeter  PQR   62 cm PR  5k
6. Since PQ || BC , AC  PR  36
AP AQ  4k  5k  36
 (by BPT)
PB QC  9k  36
k k 3  k  4 cm
 
2k  2 2k  9  AC  16 cm, PR  20 cm
 2k 2  9k  2k 2  6k  2k  6 10. Since PQ || BC , using BPT
 k  6 cm
SOLUTION 56

AP AQ DF  CF ( F is midpoint of CD)
 EDF  BCF (Alternate angles)
PB QC
 EFD  BFC  AAS 
15 24
   ED  BC  CPCT 
PB QC
 5QC  8PB In AEG and CBG ,
 5QC  8PB  0 AGE  CGB (Vertically opposite angles)
EAG  BCG (Alternate angles)
PB  QC  26 cm
 AEG  CBG  AA
 PB  26  QC
AE EG AG
 5QC  8  26  QC   0   
BC BG CG
 5QC  8QC  208  0 EG AE AD  DE BC  BC 2 BC 2
 13QC  208      
BG BC BC BC BC 1
 QC  16 cm (AD = BC since ABCD is a parallelogram and DE =
 PB  26  16  10 cm BC)
15. Let the similar triangles be ABC and PQR
 QC  PB  16  10  6 cm
respectively
11. In PQR and TSR ,
Let their respective perimeters be p and q
PQR  TSR (Alternate angles)
Let their respective areas be a and b
PRQ  TRS (Vertically opposite angles)
According to the question, a  b  120 cm 2 and
 PQR  TSR  AA a  b  72 cm 2
PQ QR PR Solving this pair of linear equations in two variables,
  
TS SR TR we get
4 QR 3 a  96 cm 2 and b  24 cm 2
  
6 9 TR  AB 
2
area  ABC   AB  96 4
2

9 4 63  PQ   area PQR   PQ   24  1

 QR   6 cm and TR   4.5 cm      
6 4
AB 2 perimeter  ABC  p
QR 6 60 4    
    PQ 1 perimeter  PQR  q
RT 4.5 45 3
12. In APQ and ABC  p  2k and
AP AQ 6 9 3 q  k  p  q  2k  k  3k  72 cm  k  24 cm
 (since   )
PB AC 14 21 7  p  q  2k  k  k  24 cm
A  A (common)
EXERCISE – 2 : TRIANGLES
 APQ  ABC  SAS 
1. Let the similar triangles be ABC and DEF.
AP AP PQ 3 By area theorem,
   
AB BC BC 7 ar  ABC   AB 2  BC 2  AC 2
     
7 ar  DEF   DE   EF   DF 
 BC  PQ
3 2
perimeter  ABC  AB BC CA
ar  ABC  4  16
13. ABC  PQR        
perimeter  PQR  PQ QR RP ar  DEF   9  81
AB 36 3 2. ABC  DEF (Given)
  
PQ 48 4 AB BC
 
2 DE EF
area  ABC   AB 
 1 8
area  PQR   PQ     2 AB  DE 
2 EF
2
45 3 45 9  EF  16 cm
   
area  PQR   4  area  PQR  16 2

2
3. AB 2  6 3   36  3  108 cm2
 area  PQR   80 cm
AC 2  122  144 cm2
14. In EFD and BFC
EFD  BFC (vertically opposite angles) BC 2  62  36 cm 2
SOLUTION 57

 AB 2  BC 2  108  36  144  12 2  AC 2 Area  AOB  AB 2

 
 B  90 (Converse of Pythagorean Theorem) Area  COD  DC 2
4. By obtuse triangle corollary. 2
Area  AOB   2 DC  4
AC 2  AB 2  BC 2  2 BC.BD   
Area  COD   DC 2 1
 AB 2  BC 2  2 BC.  CD  CB   BD  CD  CB 
Hence, Area  AOB  : Area  COD   4 :1
 AB 2  BC 2  2 BC.CD  2 BC 2
9. We have,
 AB 2  BC 2  2 BC.CD
PS PT

5. In ΔPQR, we have SQ TR
 ST || QR [By using the converse of Basic
proportionality Theorem]
 PST  PQR [Corresponding angle]
 PRQ  PQR  PST  PRQ  given  
 PQ  PR [ Sides opposite to equal angle are
equal]
ST || QR  PQR is isosceles.
PS PT 10.
 
QS RT
PS 3
 
3 2
9
 PS  cm
2
6. Let the third side be x cm
By Pythagoras theorem,
a 2  b2  x 2  x 2  a 2  b2
In PQT , PT 2  PQ 2  QT 2 .... 1
 x 2   a  b  a  b   a  b  a  b  1
In SQR, SR2  SQ2  QR2 .... 2 
 x  a  b  1 b  b  a  b  1 Adding (1) and (2)
 2b  1 PT 2  SR 2  PQ2  QT 2  SQ 2  QR2
  PQ 2  QR 2    QT 2  SQ 2 
7.
 PR2  ST 2
 6 2  82  PR 2  42
 PR 2  16  36  64  100
 PR 2  100  16  84
 PR  84  2 21 cm
11.

As ABC is right triangle, right-angled at C,

 AB 2  AC 2  BC 2 (Pythagoras Theorem)
 AB 2  AC 2  AC 2  BC  AC 
 AB 2  2 AC 2
8. In the triangles AOB and COD, we have
AOB  COD [Vertically opposite angles] In ACD ,
and OAB  OCD [Alternate angles] AD 2  AC 2  CD 2 (Pythagorean Theorem)
So, by AA-criterion of similarity, we have  CD2  AD2  AC 2 ... 1
AOB  COD
In ACB ,
SOLUTION 58
2
AB 2  AC 2  BC 2 2 
2
AQ 2  AC 2  QC 2  AC 2   BC 
 AC 2   2 CD   BD  CD   3 
2
 AC  4CD 2 2 2 4 2
 AQ  AC  BC
9
 
 AC 2  4 AD2  AC 2 (from equation (1))
 9 AQ  9 AC  4 BC 2
2 2
.... 1
2 2
 4 AD  3 AC
In BCP ,
 k  4 and l  3  k  l  1 2
12. 2 
BP 2  CP 2  BC 2   AC   BC 2
 3 
2 4 2 2
 BP  AC  BC
9
 9 BP  9 BC 2  4 AC 2
2
....  2 
Adding (1) and (2),
9  AQ 2  BP 2   13  AC 2  BC 2   13 AB 2
In ACB , K 9
AC 2  BC 2  AB 2 15. In a right-angled triangle, the square of the
 AB 2  122  9 2  144  81  225 hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the
 AB  15 cm other two sides.
Given a right-angled triangle ABC in which
1 1 B  90
Now, area  ABC    AC  BC   12  9
2 2 TO PROVE
1  Hypotenuse 
2 2
  Base    Perpendicular 
2
and area  ABC    AB  CD
2
i.e., AC 2  AB2  BC 2
1
  15  p CONSTRUCTION
2 From B draw BD  AC .
1 1
  12  9   15  p
2 2
 108  15 p
108 36
 p   7.2 cm
15 5
13. In triangles ADE and ABC, we have
PROOF:
ADE  B (given) and A  A (common) In triangle ADB and ABC, we have
So, by AA-criterion of similarity, we have
ADB  ABC [Each equal to 90 ]
ADE  ABC
and, A  A [Common]
AD DE So, by AA-similarity criterion, we have
 
AB BC ADB  ABC
AD DE AD AB
    [ In similar triangles corresponding
AE  EB BC AB AC
3.8 DE sides are proportional]
 
3.6  2.1 4.2  AB 2  AD  AC ....  i 
3.4  4.2 In triangles BDC and ABC, we have
 DE  cm  2.8 cm
3.6  2.1 CDB  ABC [Each equal to 90 ]
Hence, DE  2.8 cm and, C  C [Common]
14. Given: So, by AA-similarity criterion, we have
2 2 BDC  ABC
CP  AC and QC  BC DC BC
3 3   [ In similar triangles corresponding
Now, In ACQ , BC AC
sides are proportional]
 BC 2  AC  DC ....  ii 
Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
SOLUTION 59

AB 2  BC 2  AD  AC  AC  DC  4 
 3  2  6
2 2
 AB  BC  AC  AD  DC  
3    3  tan   4 
 4  2  3 

 AB 2  BC 2  AC  AC 3  2
 3 
 AB 2  BC 2  AC 2
7. sin 3 A  cos  A  10 
Hence, AC 2  AB 2  BC 2
EXERCISE – 1 : INTRODUCTION TO  cos  90  3 A   cos  A  10   sin   cos  90    
TRIGONOMETRY
adj  90  3 A  A  10
1. cot  
opp  4 A  100
 A  25
10
 8. A  B  C  180 (Angle sum Property of a
24 Triangle)
5  B  C  180  A

12 BC A
cos    90 
2. Now, cot   2 2
sin   BC   A
5 12  sin    sin  90  
   2   2 
13 13 A
5 13  cos
  2
13 12 BC
5 9. sin 30 
 AC
12 1 BC
3. sin  50     cos  40     
2 20
 sin 90   40      cos  40    20
 BC   10cm
cos  40     cos  40     sin  90     cos   2
and,
0
AB
4. On substituting the value of T – ratios, cos 30 
sin 30 cot 60 tan 45 AC
tan 30 cos 0 3 AB
 
1 1 2 20
 1
2 2 20 3
  AB   10 3cm
1 2
1

1
3

 AB  BC  10 3  10 cm 
 tan 60  4 sin 45  3sec 2 30  5cos 2 90
2 2
2 10.
cosec30  sec 60  cot 2 30
1 3 3
5. 2 sin 30 cos 30  2     sin 60 2 2
2  1   2 
 LHS  RHS
2 2 2
 3  4
 2
  3
 3
  5  0
2

 2
4
6. 3 tan   4  tan   
3
22  3
Given expression 1 4
3  4   3  5 0
3sin   2 cos   2 3
 43
3sin   2 cos 
3 tan   2 3 2 40
 diving num. and denom. by cos    9
3 tan   2 1
11. As tan  90     cot 
tan1  tan  90  89   cot 89
SOLUTION 60

tan10  tan  90  89   cot 80

 4 3 8 3 5
tan 20  tan  90  70  cot 70 2  
 2 cos   sin    5 5   5 5   5  1 12
     
 tan1 tan10 tan 20 tan 70 tan 80 tan 89  cot   tan   4 3 4 3  7   7  7

  
     
3 4 3 4  12   12 
 cot 89 cot 80 cot 70 tan 70 tan 80 tan 89
14.
12.

 B  90,
AB  7cm and  AC  BC   1cm.
Consider a ABC in which B  90 and
Let AC  xcm.
AB : AC  1: 2 Then, BC   x  1 cm.
Let AB = x. Then AC  2 x. By Pythagoras’ theorem, we have:
By Pythagoras theorem, we have:
AB2  BC 2  AC 2
AC 2  AB 2  BC 2 2 2
  7    x  1  x 2
 BC 2   AC 2  AB 2 
2
 49  x 2  2 x  1  x 2
 BC   2 x  x 2    2 x 2  x 2   x 2
2
   x  25.
 
 AC  25cm,
 BC  x.
BC x BC   25  1 cm  24cm and Ab  7cm.
 tan A   1 For T – ratios of C, we have:
AB x
2 tan A 2 1 2 base = BC = 24 cm,
   1 Perpendicular = AB = 7 cm and hypotenuse = AC =
 2
1  tan A 
1  1 2 25 cm.
13. BC 24
 cos C  
AC 25
15.

Consider a ABC is which A   and B  90

hypotenuse AC 5 5 x
sec       say  cot A 
adjacent side 4

base AB 4 4 x
oppsite side 3
 AC  5 x and AB  4 x
In ABC , By Pythagoras theorem, Let x be the hypotenuse
2 2
By applying Pythagoras theorem
BC 2   AC 2  AB 2    5 x    4 x   9 x 2 AC 2  AB 2  BC 2
 BC  3 x x 2  4 2  32
AB 4 x 4 BC 3 x 3 x 2  25
 cos     ;sin     ;
AC 5 x 5 AC 5 x 5 x5
AB 4 x 4 BC 3x 3 1 3
cot     and tan     tan A  
BC 3 x 3 AB 4 x 4 cot A 4
SOLUTION 61

adjacent side 4  1  sin A 

cos A 
hypotenuse

5
  1  sin A 
 cos A 
3  1  sin 2 A  cos 2 A
sin A   
5  cos A  cos A
2
3 16  9  cos A
1  
1  tan A  4 7 8 RQ
LHS   2
 16  6. sin P  
1  tan A 3 16  9 25 17 PR
1   16  QR  8k and PR  17 k
4
2 2 PR 2  PQ 2  QR 2
 4   3  16  9 7
RHS  cos A  sin A          PQ 2  PR 2  QR 2
5 5 25 25
2 2
1  tan A  17 k    8k 
  cos A  sin A
1  tan A  289k 2  64k 2  225k 2
EXERCISE – 2 : INTRODUCTION TO  PQ  15k
TRIGONOMETRY
1. cos 60 cos 30  sin 60  sin 30
1 3 3 1
   
2 2 2 2
3 3
 
4 4
 cos 90 PQ 15k 15
Now, cos P   
sin 54 cos 54 PR 17 k 17
2. 
cos 36 sin 36 QR 8K 8
and tan P   
sin  90  36  cos  90  36  PQ 15K 15
 
cos 36 sin 36 7. tan   cot   5
cos 36 sin 36 On Squaring both sides, we get
  2
cos 36 sin 36  tan   cot    52
 11  tan 2   cot 2   2 tan  cot   25
2  tan 2   cot 2   2  1  25  tan  cot   1
3. Using trigonometric identity,  tan 2   cot 2   25  2  23
cosec2   cot 2   1 8. sin   sin 2   1
2 2
 cosec    2   1  sin   1  sin 2 
 cosec2   4  1  sin   cos 2  ....  i 
2 2
 cosec   5 Now, cos   cos   cos 2   cos 2 
2 4
 
 cosec    5 2
 cos 2    sin  
4. 1  1 
cot 2    cot 2   cosec2    cosec    cos 2   sin 2 
sin 2   sin  
   cosec 2   cot 2   1 (As cos2   sin 2   1 )
9. k  1  sec2  1  sin  1  sin  
 1  cosec 2
  cot 2   1
or, k  1  sec2  1  sin 2  

 1 sin A  or, k  1  sec2  cos 2  1  sin 2   cos 2  

5.  sec A  tan A1  sin A     1  sin A
 cos A cos A 1
or, k  1  sec 2   1
sec 2 
k 0
SOLUTION 62

1  cos A 1  cos A 1  cos A 5 5 4

10.    4
5cosec   4 tan  4 3
1  cos A 1  cos A 1  cos A  
sec   cot  5 3
2 
1  cos A  3 4

1  cos A 2
25 16 11

2  4 3  12
1  cos A  5 3 29
 
sin 2 A 3 4 12
1  cos A 11 12 11
   
sin A 12 29 29
1 cos A
  13. sec  tan   p
sin A sin A
 cosec A  cot A 1 sin 
 p
2 2 cos  cos 
11.  sin   cosec     cos   sec  
1  sin   p cos 
  sin 2
  cosec 2   2sin  cosec     cos 2   sec2   2 cos  sec 
  sin 2
  cosec 2   2    cos2   sec2   2   sin  cosec  1, and cos  sec   1 1  sin   p 1  sin 2 
2
  sin 2   cos 2    4   cosec 2   sec 2   1  sin    p 2 1  sin 2  
 1  4  1  cot 2    1  tan 2   1  sin 2   2sin   p 2  p 2 sin 2 
 sin 2   cos 2   1, cosec2   1  cot 2   and sec2   1  tan 2   
  1  p  sin   2sin   1  p   0
2 2 2

D  4  4 1  p 1  p  2 2

  7  tan   cot  
2 2

 4  4 1  p  4

12.
 4 p4
2  4 p 4 1  p 2
sin   
2 1  p 2  1  p 
2

p2 1
sin   , 1
p2  1
p2  1
 cosec   , 1
3 BC p2 1
cos   
5 AC 14. 3sin   4 cos   x & sin   3cos   5 (Given)
 BC  3k 2 2
  4sin   3cos    3sin   4 cos    52  x 2
and AC  5k  16sin 2   9 cos 2   24sin  cos   9sin 2   16 cos2   24sin  cos  25  x 2
In ABC , AC 2  AB 2  BC 2
 AB 2  AC 2  BC 2  25sin 2   25 cos 2   25  x 2
2
  5k    3k 
2
 25  sin 2   cos 2    25  x 2
 25k 2  9k 2  16k 2  25  1  25  x 2  sin 2
  cos 2   1
 AB  4 k
 25  25  x 2
AC hyp 5k 5
Now, cosec       x2  0
AB opp 4k 4
x0
AB opp 4k 4
tan       3sin   4 cos   0
AC adj 3k 3
15. tan   sin   m and tan   sin   n
1 5 1 3 2 2
sec    , cot     m 2  n 2   tan   sin     tan   sin  
cos  3 tan  4
 4 tan  sin 
 4 tan 2  sin 2 
SOLUTION 63

sin 2  4. A straight line along which an observer has

 4 sin 2  unobstructed vision is called as Line of sight.
cos 2 
 1  cos 2   5.
 4 sin 2   2 
 cos  
 1 
 4 sin 2   2
 1
 cos  
sin 2 
4  sin 2 
cos 2  BC 3
  tan  
 4 tan 2   sin 2  AB 1
4  tan   sin   tan   sin    tan 60
Hence, the angle of elevation of sun  60
 4 mn 6.
EXERCISE – 1 : SOME APPLICATIONS OF
TRIGONOMETRY
1.

Let the ACB be  ,  B  90

AB
tan  
BC
20 1
tan     tan 30
Explanation: 20 3 3
In ABC ,  B  90    30
6 Thus, the Sun’s altitude is 30 .
tan    3 7.
2 3
 tan   tan 60
   60
2.

In ABC , with C  60

Let length of ladder  x  AC
1
cos 60 
Explanation: 2
In ABC ,  B  90 2.5 1

CB AC 2
tan    2  2.5  AC
AB
AC  5 m
150
tan 30  8.
x
1 150

3 x
x  150 3
3. The angle formed by the line of sight and the
horizontal plane for an object below the horizontal
is Angle of depression.
SOLUTION 64

Let AB be the vertical pole and CA be the 20 m long

rope such that its one end is tied from the top of the
vertical pole AB and the other end C is tied to a
point C on the ground.
In ABC , we have
AB
sin 30 
AC
1 AB
 
2 AC
 AB  10 m
Hence, the height of the pole is 10 m.
9.
OP OQ
tan 60  and tan 45 
OA OA
4000 OA
 3 and 1 
OA OA
4000
 OA  and OA  OA
3
4000
Let the distance of the car from the tower be d  OA 
meter. 3m
BAX  ABC  30 (alternate angles)  Vertical distance PQ between the airplanes is
150 given by
tan 30  PQ  OP  PQ
d
1 150  4000 
   PQ   4000  m
3 d  3 
d  150 3 m
 4000
 3 1 m
10.
3
 1690.53 m
12.

Let the height of the tower AB be h metre

 AE  h  1.7
BC  DE  20 3 m (given)
In ADE , E  90
h  1.7
tan 30 
20 3 From, ABC ,
1 h  1.7 h 1
   tan 30 
3 20 3 x 3
 h  1.7  20  x  3h ....  i 
or h  20  1.7  21.7 m From ABD ,
11. Let P and Q be the positions of two airplanes when 40  h
Q is vertically below P and OP = 4000 m.  tan 60  3
x
Let the angles of elevation of P and Q at a point A
40  h
on the ground be 60 and 45 45° respectively. x ....  ii 
In triangles AOP and AOQ, we have 3
From (i) and (ii)
SOLUTION 65

40  h i.e., AOB   . Let AOC   and OC  k

 3h 
3 meters. From C draw CD and CE perpendicular on
 3h  40  h AB and OA respectively. Then, DCB   . Let h
be the height of the cliff AB. In OCE , we have
 h  20 m
CE
 x  20 3 m sin  
OC
 AC 
2
 BC    AB 
2 CE
 sin  
2
k
  20 
2

 20 3   CE  k sin 
 AD  k sin  ....  i 
 400  1200
 40 m OE
and, cos  
Hence, the distance of the cloud from A = 40 m. OC
13. OE
 cos  
k
 OE  k cos  ....  ii 
In OAB , we have
AB
tan  
OA
Let O be the position of the bird and B be the h
 tan  
position of the boy. Let FG be the building and G be OA
the position of the girl.  OA  h cot  ....  iii 
In OLB
 CD  EA  OA  OE  h cot   k cos  ....  iv 
OL
 sin 30 [Using (ii) and (iii)]
BO
and,
OL 1
  BD  AB  AD  AB  CE  h  k sin  .... v 
100 2
 OL  50 m [Using (i)]
In BCD we have
OM  OL  ML
BD
 50  20  30 m tan  
CD
In OMG
h  k sin 
OM  tan   [Using (iv) and (v)]
 sin 45 h cos   k cos 
OG
OM 1 1 h  k sin 
   
OG 2 cot  h cot   k cos 
30 1  h cot   k sin  cot   h cot   k cos 
   h  cot   cot    k  cos   sin  cot  
OG 2
 OG  30 2 m k  cos   sin  cot  
h
Hence, the distance of the bird from the girl is cot   cot 
30 2 m .
15.
14.

Let AB be the cliff and O be the fixed point such

that the angle of elevation of the cliff from O is 
SOLUTION 66

Let O be the center of the balloon of radius r and the  4  a   7  1 4 

P the eye of the observer. Let PA, PB be tangents
 4  a  24
from P to the balloon. Then, APB  
 a  28
 5. For and AP
 APO  BPO 
2 an  a   n  1 d
Let OL be perpendicular from O on the horizontal
PX. We are given that the angle of the elevation of  3.5  101  1  0
the centre of the balloon is β i.e., OPL   . = 3.5
In OAP , we have 6. 1, 8, 27,…
 OA a1  1  13
sin 
2 OP a2  8  23
 r a3  27  33
 sin 
2 OP .
 .
 OP  r cosec ....  i 
2 .
In OPL , we have  an  n 3
OL 7. 2, 8, 14,….
sin  
OP Here, a = 2
 d=6
 OL  OP sin   r cosec sin 
2 Now,  an  a   n  1 d
[Using equation (i)  a9  2   9  1 6
Hence, the height of the centre of the balloon is
= 2 + 8(6)

r sin  cosec = 50
2
8. an  n 2  2 n  1
EXERCISE – 1 : ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION Putting n = 1, we get first term as:
1. In the given AP, d = 5. a1  12  2 1  1
So,
a18  a13  a  17 d  a  12d  1  2 1
2
 5d and
 5  5 Putting n = 2, we get first term as:
 25 a2  22  2  2   1
2. an  n  1  4  4 1
 a1  1  1 =7
9. a17  a10  14
 a1  2
3. The given numbers are – 10, – 6, – 2, 2…………..  a  16d    a  9d   4
Here a1  10, a2  6, a3  2 and a4  2 …….. 7d  14
Since, d=2
a2  a1  6   10 10. Let 0 be the nth term of given AP i.e., an  0. Given
 6  10  4 that,
First term a = 31
a3  a2  2   6 
Common difference d = 28 – 31 = – 3 The nth term
 2  6  4 of an AP is,
… … … … … … an  a   n  1 d
… … … … … …
… … … … … …  0  31   n  1 3
Each successive term of given list has same  3  n  1  31
difference i.e., 4.
So, the given list forms AP with common difference, 31
 n 1 
d = 4. 3
4. In the given AP, 31
d = – 4, n = 7, an  4 n 1
3
an  a   n  1 d
SOLUTION 67

34  n  10.
 Since, n should be positive integer. So, 0 is Hence, the 10th term is the first negative term of the
3
given AP.
not a term of the given AP.
15. Let the first term be a and the common differnece be
1 d.
 11
3 a p  a p  2q  a   p  1 d  a   p  2q  1 d
11. The first 10 multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24,…..60.
It is an A.P. with first term, a, = 6, common  a  pd  d  a  pd  2qd  d
difference, d = 6.  2a  2 pd  2qd  2d
10  2  a   p  q  1 d  ...  i 
Sum of the first 10 multiples of 6  S10   6  60 
2
n 2a p  q  2  a   p  q  1 d  ...  ii 
 
 S n  2  a  l   From (i) and (ii), we get
 
a p  a p  2 q  2a p  q
10
  66  5  66  330 Hence proved
2
12. Here a = 213 and d = (205 – 213) = – 8. Let the EXERCISE – 2 : ARITHMETIC
given AP contain n terms.
Then, Tn  37
PROGRESSION
1. An arithmetic progression (AP) is a list of numbers
 a   n  1 d  37 in which each term is obtained by adding a fixed
 213   n  1   8  37 number d to the preceding term, except the first term
a.
 213  8n  8  37 The fixed number d is called its common difference.
 221  8n  37 The general form of an AP is
 8n  221  37  184
a, a  d , a  2d , a  3d ,....
 n  23 Thus, the given AP contains 23 terms. 
th
2. nth term of an AP is given by an  S n  Sn 1
 23  1 3. The sum Sn of the first n terms of an AP is given
Its middle term  term
2
n
 12th term So, middle term  T12 by Sn   2a   n  1 d  .
2
  a  11d  Hence, option (a) is correct.
 213  11  8  213  88 4. In the given A.P., the last term l  49 and common
difference d  8  11  3 .
= 125 Hence, the middle term is 125.
4th term from last is,
13. Let the first term, common difference and number of
terms of an AP are a, d and n, respectively. tn  l   n  1 d
Given that, first term (a) = 12. Now by condition, t4  49   4  1  3
T7  T11  24  nth term of an AP, Tn  a   n  1 d   49  3  3
 a   7  1 d  a  11  1 d  24  49  9
 a  6d  a  10d  24  40
 24  4d 5. In the given AP,
d 6 a  10, d  0, n  99 .
 20 th term of AP, an  a   n  1 d
T20  a   20  1 d  an  10   99  1 0
 12  19  6  an  10  0
= 126 Hence, the required 20th term of an AP is 126.  an  10
14. Here a = 24 and d = (21 – 24) = – 3.
6. Let an  0
Let the nth term of the given AP be the first
negative term. a   n  1 d  0
Then, Tn  0  a   n  1 d   0 24   n  1 3  0
 24   n  1   3  0 24  3n  3  0
3n  27
  27  3n   0  27  3n
n9
 3n  27  n  9. Hence n  10
SOLUTION 68

Hence, the 10th term is the first negative term of the 12. Here, a  7, a13  35
given AP.
Since, an  a   n  1 d
7. -10, -3, 4, …..
Here, a  10 & d  3   10  7  a13  a  12d
or, 35  7  12d
Now,  an  a   n  1 d
7
 a15  10  15  1 7 or, d 
3
 10  98 Again,
 88 n
Sn   2a   n  1 d 
8. Given, a  5 and d  2 2
13   7 
S13   2  7  12    
6  n  2   3 
 S6 
2
 2a   6  1 d   S n  2 2a   n  1 d 
  13
 3  2  5   5  2  
 14  28
2
 3  10  10  13
  42  273
2
0
13. Here, a  65, d  5 and S n  0
9. Since the numbers a, 9, b, 25 form an AP, we have Since,
9  a  b  9  25  b n
Sn   2a   n  1 d 
Now, 2
b  9  25  b Therefore,
n
 2b  34 130   n  1 5    0
 b  17 and, 2
n
130  5n  5  0
9a  b9 2
 a  b  18 or, 135n  5n2  0
 a  17  18 or, n 135  5n   0
 a 1 or, 5n  135 as n  0
Hence, a  1 and b  17 . or, n  27
10. In the given AP, we have n
14.  Sn   2a   n  1 d 
a  7 and d  11  7  4 . Suppose there are n terms 2
in the given AP. 7
Then, Tn  139  S7   2a  6d   49
2
 a   n  1 d  139 2 a  6 d  14
 7   n  1  4  139 or, a  3d  7 ....  i 
 7  4n  4  139 Again,
 4n  136 17
S17   2a  16d   289
2
 n  34
Hence, there are 34 terms in the given AP. 2a  16d  34
11. Since, or, a  8d  17 .... ii 
k 2  4k  8, 2k 2  3k  6 and 3k 2  4k  4 are On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
consecutive terms of an AP 5d  10
 2k 2  3k  6   k 2  4k  8   3k 2  4k  4   2k 2  3k  6  d 2
Therefore,
= Common difference
n
 2k  3k  6  k 2  4k  8  3k 2  4k  4  2k 2  3k  6
2  Sn   2a   n  1 d 
2
 k2  k  2  k2  k  2 n
Sn   2  1   n  1 2 
 k  k 2
 2k  0 n
  2  2n  2   n 2
k 0 2
SOLUTION 69

15. Given first A.P. is 63, 65, 67, …

Here, a  63, d  65  63  2
Now, nth term of given A.P. is
an  a   n  1 d
 63   n  1 2
 63  2n  2
 61  2n
Given second A.P. is 3, 10, 17, …
Here, a  3, d  10  3  7
Now, nth term of given A.P. is Distance of the point P  2,3 from the X-axis =
An  a   n  1 d
Ordinate of a point P  2,3  3 .
 3   n  1 7
6. The point C  k , 4  divides the join of the points A(2,
 3  7n  7
6) and B(5, 1) in the ratio 2 : 3
 7n  4 Using section formula, we get
By the given condition, 2  5  3 2
an  An k
23
61  2n  7 n  4 10  6
61  4  7 n  2n 
5
5n  65 16

n  13 5
Hence, for n  13 , the nth terms of two given A.P.’s 7. The given points are A  7,13 and B 10,9  .
are equal.
Then,
EXERCISE – 1 : CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY  x1  7, y1  13 and  x2  10, y2  9
1. The distance between two points P  x1 , y1  and 2 2
2 2
 AB   x2  x1    y2  y1 
Q  x2 , y2  is  x2  x1    y2  y1  2 2
 10  7    9  13
Here,  x1 , y1    x, y  and  x2 , y2    0,0  .
2
The distance of a point P  x, y  from the origin is  32   4 

x2  y 2  9  16
Thus, option (b) is correct.  25
2. Using distance formula,  5 units
2 2
 4  1   k  0  5 8.
Squaring on both sides, we get
32  k 2  25
9  k 2  25
k  4
3. The coordinates of point P are (-7, 6) and so it lies in
the second quadrant.
Thus, option (b) is correct.
4. Abscissa i.e., x -coordinate = -2 (negative)
Ordinate i.e., y -coordinate = 5 (Positive)
 The point (-2, 5) lies in second quadrant
5. If  x, y  is any point on the Cartesian plane in first
Let AB be divided by the x-axis in the ratio k :1 at
quadrant. Then, x  Perpendicular distance from Y-
the point P . Then, by section formula, the
axis and y  Perpendicular distance from X-axis
coordinates of P are
 2k  6 5k  3 
P , 
 k 1 k 1 
SOLUTION 70

But, P lies on the x-axis. So, its ordinate is 0.  A, B and C are collinear
5k  3 3 13. Let P and Q be the points of trisection of AB .
  0  5k  3  0  k 
k 1 5 Then, P divides AB in the ratio 1: 2 .
3 So, the coordinates of P are
 Required ratio is :1 , which is the same as 3 : 5 .
5  1 4  2   5  1  3  2  6 
P ,  , i.e., P  2,3
9. Let the given points be A  5, 2  and B  3, 2  and  1 2 1 2 
let the required point be P  x,0  . Then, Also, Q divides AB in the ratio 2 :1 .
PA  PB  PA2  PB 2 SO, the coordinates of Q are
2 2 2
  x  5    0  2    x  3   0  2 
2  2  4  1  5  2   3  1 6 
Q ,  , i.e., Q 1,0
2 2  2 1 2 1 
  x  5   4   x  3  4
2 2
Hence, the points of trisection of AB are P  2,3
  x  5    x  3  0
and Q 1,0 .
  x 2  10 x  25    x 2  6 x  9   0
14. Let A  3,0  , B 1, 3 and C  4,1 be the given
 16 x  16  0
points. Then,
 16 x  16 2 2 2
AB  1   3    3  0   42   3  25  5 units
 x 1  
Hence, the required point is P 1,0 . BC   4  1
2 2
 1   3   32  42  25  5 units
2
10. PQ  10  PQ 2  10   100 and
2 2 2 2
 12  4    x  5  100 AC   4   3   1  0   7 2  12  50  5 2 units
 
2
 82   x  5   100 Thus, AB  BC  5 units
2
  x  5   100  64   ABC is isosceles.
2 2
2 Also,  AB    BC    52  52   50
  x  5   36
2 and
  x  5   62 2

 x  5  6
AC 2  5 2    50
 x  5  6 or x  5  6 Thus, AB2  BC 2  AC 2
 x  1 or x  11 By converse of Pythagoras theorem, this shows that
Hence, x  1 or x  11 ABC is right-angled at B .
11. Let A  5,7  be the given point and let P  0, y  be 15.
the required point on the y-axis. Then,
PA  13 units
 PA2  169
2 2
  0  5    y  7   169
 y 2  14 y  74  169
 y 2  14 y  95  0
 9  7 10  2 
  y  19 y  5  0 Co-ordinates of point E   ,    8, 6 
 2 2 
 y  19  0 or y  5  0
 7 1 2  4 
 y  19 or y  5 Co-ordinates of point F   ,    4,3
 2 2 
Hence, the required points are  0,19  and  0, 5 . 2 2
2 2
Length of EF  8  4    6  3
12. AB   5  1   7  1  72  6 2
2 2
2 2
  4   3
BC  8  5   10  7   18  3 2
 5 units ....  i 
2 2
AC  8  1  10  1  162  9 2
Length of BC   9  1
2
 10  4 
2

 AB  BC  6 2  3 2  9 2  AC
SOLUTION 71

2 2 2 2
 8   6 AB   3  3    4  0
 10 units .....  ii   02   4 
2

From equations (i) and (ii), we get

1   4 2
EF  BC
2 4
EXERCISE – 2 : CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY 5. The coordinates of the mid-point of the line
segment joining the points
1. The given point lies on x -axis, so, its ordinate is
x x y y 
zero and the abscissa is -4. P  x1 , y1  and Q  x2 , y2  are  1 2 , 1 2 
 Point is  4, 0  .  2 2 

2. The area of a triangle with vertices Here,  x1 , y1    2,8 and  x2 , y2    6, 4 

A  x1 , y1  , B  x2 , y2  and C  x3 , y3  is Let the coordinates of midpoint be  x, y  then
1 2  6
 x1  y2  y3   x2  y3  y1   x3  y1  y2   which is x
2 2
non-zero unless the points A, B and C are 8
x
collinear. 2
Thus, the correct option is (a).  x  4
3.
84
y
2
 y2
Therefore the coordinates are (-4, 2).
6. Let P  6,6  be the given point and O  0,0  be the
origin.
Length of the diagonal AB = Distance between the Then,
points A  0,3 and B  5,0  . 2 2
OP   6  0    6  0 
Distance between the points  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y2  is 2
 62   6 
given by
d  x2  x1 
2
  y2  y1 
2  36  36

Here, x1  0, y1  3 and x2  5, y2  0  72

 Distance between the points A  0,3 and B  5,0   36  2

,  6 2 units
AB  5  0
2
  0  3
2 7. The points A and B lie on a circle with center O .
 OA  OB (Radii of the circle)
 25  9 2 2 2 2

 34
  2  2  5  y    4  2  3  y 
Squaring on both the sides, we get
4. The point on x -axis corresponding to  3, 4  is
25  y 2  10 y  4  9  y 2  6 y
 3,0 . Thus, two points are A  3, 4 and  4 y  12
B  3,0  .  y3
Using Distance Formula, 8. Distance between the points  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y2  ,
2 2
d  x2  x1    y2  y1 
Here, x1  0, y1  5 and x2  5, y2  0
 Distance between the points (0, 5) and (-5, 0)
SOLUTION 72

2 2 2 2
  5  0    0  5    a  3   5  14   9
2 2
 25  25   a  3  9   9
 50 On squaring both the sides, we get
2
5 2  a  3  81  81
9. Let  x, y  be the coordinates of P . Then, 2
  a  3  0
2  5  3  2 10  6 16  a  3
x  
23 5 5 Hence, the required value of a is –3.
2  2  3  5 4  15 11 13. Let the given points
y  
23 5 5 are A   x1 , y1   1, 2  , B   x2 , y2    0,0  and
 16 11  C   x3 , y3    a, b  .
Thus, the coordinates of point P are  , 
5 5  Area of ABC is,
and so it lies in the fourth quadrant. 1
10. Let the point C divide AB in the ratio  :1 . Then, x1  y2  y3   x2  y3  y1   x3  y1  y2 
the coordinates of C are 2
1
 3  3 2  5   1 0  b   0  b  2   a  2  0  
 , 2
  1   1 
1 1
 3 11    b  0  2 a    2 a  b 
But, the coordinates of C are given as  ,  . 2 2
5 5  Since, the points A 1, 2  , B  0,0  and C  a, b  are
3  3 3 2  5 11
  and  collinear, then area of ABC should be equal to
 1 5  1 5 zero.
 15  15  3  3 and 10  25  11  11 i.e., area of ABC  0
 18  12 and 21  14 1
2  92a  b  0
 2
3  2a  b  0
Hence, the point C divides AB in the ratio 2 : 3 .
 2a  b
11. Area of ABC whose Vertices
Hence, the required relation is 2a  b
A   x1 , y1  , B   x2 , y2  and C   x3 , y3  are given
14. Two vertices of ΔABC are A  1, 4  and B  5, 2  .
by
Let the third vertex be C  a, b  .
1
  x1  y2  y3   x2  y3  y1   x3  y1  y2   Then, the coordinates of its centroid are
2
Here,  x  x  x3 y1  y2  y3 
G 1 2 , 
x1  3, y1  0, x2  7, y2  0, x3  8 and y3  4  3 3 
1  1  5  a 4  2  b 
  3  0  4   7  4  0   8  0  0   G , 
2  3 3 
1  4a 6b 
  12  28  0  i.e., G  , 
2  3 3 
1 But it is given that the centroid is G  0, 3 .
 16  Therefore,
2
8 4a 6b
 0 and  3
Hence, the required area of ABC is 8. 3 3
12. According to the question, Distance between  4  a  0 and 6  b  9
A  3, 14  and B  a, 5 is AB  9 .  a  4 and b  5
[Distance between two points  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y2  , Hence, the third vertex of ABC is C  4, 15 .
2 2
15. Since the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each
d  x2  x1    y2  y1  ] other.
 Co-ordinates of midpoint of AC = Coordinates
of midpoint of BD
SOLUTION 73

 2  4 1  b   a  1 0  2  AP + BP = x
 ,  ,  ⇒5+4=x
 2 2   2 2 
⇒ x = 9.
 b 1   a 1  7.
  1,  ,1 
 2   2 
a 1 b 1
  1 and 1
2 2
 a  1  2 and b  1  2
 a  1 and b  3
EXERCISE – 1 : CIRCLES
1. Two tangents can be drawn from a point P that lies Join OA.
outside the circle. OAB  90
2. Two parallel tangents to a circle can only exist at the OA
ends of a diameter. Now,  sin 60
OB
Distance between two parallel tangents = 3 + 3 = 6
cm OA 3
 
3. We know that the opposite sides of a quadrilateral B 2
circumscribing a circle subtend supplementary  OA  4 3 cm
angles at the centre of the circle.
8.
4.

Here, OAB  90 OA = 3 cm.

 OA2  AB 2  OB 2 (Using Pythagoras theorem) and PAO  90
In right angled POA ,
 92  122  OB 2
Perpendicular OA
 OB 2  81  144  225 tan 30  
Base PA
 OB  15 cm 1 3
5. Since, sum of the angles between radii and between  
3 PA
intersection point of tangent is 180 .
Angle at the point of intersection of tangents  PA  3 3
 180  130  50 9.
6.

Length of tangent, PQ  OP 2  OQ 2
2 2
 13   5
We know lengths of tangents drawn from an
external point to a circle are equal.  169  25
AS = AP = 5 cm
 144
CR = CQ = 3 cm ……(1)
BP = BQ - (2)  12 cm
Given, BQ + CQ = BC = 7 cm Area of quadrilateral PQOR
From (1), we get BQ = 7 – 3 = 4 cm
Now, From (2) BP = 4 cm
From figure, AB = x,
SOLUTION 74

 2  POQ
 base  height
 12  5
 60 cm 2
10.

Since tangents drawn from an external point to a

circle are equal in length
∴ AQ = AP, BQ = BR, CR = CS, DS = DT, ET =
EU, FP = FU
So, AB + CD + EF = (AQ + QB) + (CS + SD) +
(EU + UF) = AP + BR + CR + DT + ET + FP = (AP
GIVEN: CD and EF are the tangents at the end + FP) + (BR + CR) + (DT + ET) ⇒ AB + CD + EF
points A and B of the diameter AB of a circle with = AF + BC + DE
centre O. 13. Given OQ : PQ  3 : 4
TO PROVE: CD || EF . Let OQ  3x, PQ  4 x
PROOF: CD is the tangent to the circle at the point OP = y
A.
 BAD  90
EF is the tangent to the circle at the point B.
 ABE  90
Thus, BAD  ABE (each equal to 90 ).
But these are alternate interior angles.
 CD || EF .
11. OQP  90 [since at point of contact, tangent is
perpendicular to radius]
Pythagoras theorem
OP  5 x
Perimeter OQ  PQ  OP  3x  4 x  5x  12 x
According to problem perimeter = 60
 12 x  60
GIVEN: PA and PB are the tangents drawn from a 60
point P to a circle with centre O. Also, the line x  5 cm
12
segments OA and OB are drawn.
OQ  3  5  15 cm
TO PROVE: APB  AOB  180
PROOF: We know that the tangent to a circle is PQ  4  5  20 cm
perpendicular to the radius through the point of OP  5  5  25 cm
contact. 14. We know that, tangents drawn from an exterior
 PA  OA  OAP  90 , and point to a circle are equal in length.
PB  OB  OBP  90 ∴ AD = AF = x cm [say]
 OAP  OBP   90  90  180 .... i  BD = BE = y cm [say]
CE = CF = z cm[say]
But we know that the sum of all the angles of a
Given, AB = 8cm
quadrilateral is 360 .
⇒ AD + BD = 8cm
 OAP  OBP  APB  AOB  360 .... ii  ⇒x+y=8 … (i)
BC = 10cm
From (i) and (ii), we get: ⇒ y + z = 10 … (ii)
APB  AOB  180 and AC = 12 cm
12. ⇒ z + x = 12 … (iii)
On adding equation (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
2(x + y + z) = 30 ⇒ x + y + z = 15 … (iv)
On subtracting equation (ii) from equation (iv), we
get
x = 15 – 10 = 5
SOLUTION 75

On subtracting equation (iii) from equation (iv), we AOB  OBP  OAP  APB  360
get  AOB  90  90  45  360
y = 15 – 12 = 3
On subtracting equation (i) from equation (iv), we  AOB  225  360
get  AOB  135
z = 15 – 8 = 7 OR Required angle  180  45  135
∴ AD = x cm = 5cm 3. The line segment is divided in the ratio 2 : 3 , i.e., the
BE = y cm = 3cm and CF = z cm = 7cm total number of parts it should be divided into is
Hence, the length of AD, BE and CF are 5 cm, 3 cm 23 5.
and 7 cm, respectively. 4
15. Clearly, QAB  60 and QBA  60 4. The scale factor for the given construction is .
3
So, PAQ  PAB  QAB  120 5. Given triangle is smaller than the constructed
Similarly, 5
triangle as the scale factor is .  3  5 
PBQ  120  PAB  PBA, as PA  PB ....  i  3
6. Steps of construction:
Now, in PAQ and PBQ . Step 1: Draw any chord PQ through the given point
PA  PB [tangents from external point] P on the circle.
 AQ  BQ [ ABQ equilateral] Step 2: Take a point R on the circle and join P and
Q to a point R.
 PAQ  PBQ [each 120 , shown above] Step 3: Construct QPY  PRQ
So, PAQ  PBQ [by SAS congruence rule] Step 4: Produce YP to X to get YPX as the required
 APQ  BPQ  by CPCT  .... ii  tangent.
Let QP intersect AB at M.
Now, in PAM and PBM ,
APM  BPM [from equation (ii)]
 PA  PB [tangents from an external point]
 PM  PM [common side]
So, PAM  PBM [by SAS congruence rule]
 AM  BM 7.
And AMP  BMP  by CPCT  .... iii 
But AMP  BMP  180
 AMP  AMP  180
 2AMP  180
 AMP  90
 QP bisects AB at right angle.
EXERCISE – 1 : CONSTRUCTIONS
1. The line segment is divided in the ratio 5 : 7 , i.e.,
the minimum number of parts it should be divided
into is 5  7  12 .
2.

8. Steps of construction:
Step 1: Take a point O on the plane of the paper and
draw a circle of given radius 5 cm.
Suppose PA and PB are two tangents we want to Step 2: Take a point P on the circle and Join OP.
draw which are inclined at an angle of 45 We Step 3: Construct OPT  90 .
know that the radius and tangent are perpendicular Step 4: Produce TP to T  to obtain the required
at their point of contact. tangent TPT  .
 OBP  OAP  90
Now, in quadrilateral AOBP
SOLUTION 76

(iv) With centre O, radius 4 cm, draw an arc which

intersect line of angle at A.
(v) Join AB and AC.
(vi) At B, draw an angle CBX of any acute measure.
(vii) Starting from B, cut three equal parts on BX
such that BX 1  X 1 X 2  X 2 X 3 .
(viii) Join X 2 C .
(ix) Through X 3 , Draw X 3Q || X 2 C .
9. (x) Through Q, Draw QP || CA .
 PBQ  ABC .
12. Steps of Construction:
(i) Draw a circle of radius 5 cm.
(ii) As tangents are inclined to each other at an angle
of 60 .
(iii) Angle between the radii of circle is 120 . (Use
quadrilateral property).
10. Steps of construction: (iv) Draw radii OA and OB inclined to each other at
(i) Draw a line segment BC of 5 cm. an angle 120 .
(ii) At the points B and C draw two angles of 50 (v) At points A and B, draw 90 angles. The arms
and 60 respectively which intersect each other at of these angles intersect at point P.
A. (vi) PA and PB are the required tangents.
(iii) At B, draw CBX of any measure
(iv) Starting from B, cut 3 equal parts on BX such
that BX 1  X 1 X 2  X 2 X 3
(v) Join X 3C .
(vi) Through X 2 , draw X 2 Q || X 3C .
(vii) Through Q, draw QP || CA .
 PBQ  ABC
13. Steps of construction:
(i) Draw a line segment AB of 12 cm
(ii) Through the points A and B draw two parallel
line on the opposite side of AB
(iii) Cut 2 equal parts on AX and 3 equal parts on
BY such that
AX 1  X 1 X 2 and BY1  Y1Y2  Y2Y3
AP 2
(iv) Join X 2Y3 which intersect AB at P, 
PB 3

11.

Steps of Construction: Justification:

(i) Draw a line segment BC of 6 cm. In AX 2 P and BY3 P
(ii) Take a mid-point O of BC. APX 2  BPY3 [Vertically opposite angles]
(iii) At O, draw an angle of 90 .
SOLUTION 77

X 2 AP  Y3 BP [alternate interior angles] 6. Join CB5 and draw a line C B7 parallel to CB5 to
Then AX 2 P ~ BY3 P [by AA similarity] intersect extended line segment BC at point C  .
AP AX 2 2 7. Draw a line through C  parallel to AC
   (c.p.s.t) intersecting the ray BX at A .
BP BY3 3
ABC  is the required triangle.
14. Given, two concentric circles of radii 3 cm and 5 cm
with centre O. We have to draw pair of tangents
from point P on outer circle to the other.

Steps of construction:
(i) Draw two concentric circles with centre O and
radii 3 cm and 5 cm.
(ii) Taking any point P on outer circle. Join OP .
(iii) Bisect OP , let M  be the mid-point of OP .
EXERCISE – 1 : AREAS RELATED TO
Taking M  as centre and OM  as radius draw a
circle dotted which cuts the inner circle as M and CIRCLES
P .  r 2 
(iv) Join PM and PP . Thus, PM and PP are 1. Area of sector 
360
the required tangents.
(v) On measuring PM and PP , we find that 22 60
 6 6
PM  PP  4 cm. 7 360
Actual calculation: 132

In right angle OMP ,  PMO  90 7
 PM 2  OP 2  OM 2  18.85 cm 2
[by Pythagoras theorem i.e. (hypotenuse)2 = 2. According to the given condition,
(base)2 + (perpendicular)2] Area of circle = Area of first circle + Area of second
2 2
 PM 2   5   3  25  9  16 circle
 PM  4 cm  R 2   R12   R2 2
Hence, the length of both tangents is 4 cm. R 2  R12  R2 2
15. Let us assume that ABC is right-angled at B, with 3.
base BC  5 cm and AC  AB  10 cm
7
AB C  whose sides are 1.4 times i.e., times of
5
ABC ,
Steps of construction:
1. Draw a line segment BC of length 5 cm.
2. At B, draw XBC  90 . Taking B as centre and
radius as 10 cm, draw an arc that intersects the BX Given, side of square = 6 cm
at Y. Diameter of a circle, ( d ) = side of square = 6 cm
3. Join CY and draw its perpendicular bisector to d 6
intersect BY at A. Join AC. Radius of a circle  r     3 cm
2 2
4. Draw a ray BZ making an acute angle with line
segment BC. Area of circle   r 2
2
5. Locate 7 points B1 , B2 , B3 , B4 , B5 , B6 and B7 on    3   9 cm 2
BZ such that, 4.
BB1  B1 B2  B2 B3  B3 B4  B4 B5  B5 B6  B6 B7 .
SOLUTION 78

2
  5 2
   52 
 
 25 cm2
9. Take a point C on the circumference of the semi-
circle and join it by the end points of diameter AB.

2 r
Perimeter of the sector  2r 
360
22 10.5  60
 10.5  2  2  
7 360
 21  11 C  90 [Angle in a semi-circle is right angle]
 32 cm 1
So area of ABC   AB  CD
5. Each wiper sweeps a sector of a circle of radius 25 2
cm and sector angle 115 and there are two wipers. 1
   2r  r
 A  2  r2 2
360  r 2 square units.
115 22 10. Area of the remaining cardboard = Area of rectangle
 A  2   25  25 cm2  1254.96 cm2
360 7 cardboard – 2 × Area of circle
6. We have, Speed of the bus = 66 km/hr., diameter =
140 cm, radius = 70 cm
 Distance covered by the wheel in one minute
66  1000  100
 cm  110000 cm
60
Circumference of the wheel
22
 2   70 cm  440 cm
7 2
 Distance covered by the wheel in one revolution 22  7 
 14  7  2    
= 440 cm 7 2
Hence, Number of revolutions in one minute 44 49
110000  98  
  250 7 4
440  98  77
7.
 21
Hence, area of remaining cardboard = 21 cm2
11. Area of shaded region = 2 (Area of semi-circle of
7
radius cm)
2
7
– 2 (Area of semi-circle of radius cm)
8
 1 22 7 7   1 22 7 7 
Let OAB be the given sector. Then,  2      2    
Perimeter of sector OAB = 16.4 cm 2 7 2 2 2 7 8 8
⇒ OA + OB + arc AB = 16.4 cm  77 77 
    cm 2
⇒ 5.2 + 5.2 + arc AB = 16.4  2 32 
⇒ arc AB = 6 cm ⇒ l = 6 cm
77  1
 Area of sector  1 
2  16 
1 1
OAB  lr   6  5.2 cm 2  15.6 cm 2 77 15
2 2   cm 2
8. Radius of inner circle = 5 cm 2 16
Radius of outer circle  5 2 cm (Using Pythagoras  36.09375 cm 2
theorem)
Required area = Area of outer circle – Area of inner 12.
circle
SOLUTION 79
2
 60  a  
A  3  3.14     cm 2
 360  2  
2
1 a
 A  3.14   
2  2
1 1732.05
  3.14 
2 3
Given, the diameter of park = 7 m
 1570.05 cm 2
7
 Radius   3.5 m Now, Required area = Area of triangle – Area of
2 three sectors each of angle 60° in a circle of radius
The width of path = 0.7 m
a
 Radius of park with path = 3.5 + 0.7 = 4.2 m cm.
2 2 2
Area of the path    4.2     3.5   Required area = (1732.05 – 1570.05) cm2 =
22 162.00 cm2
 17.64  12.25 OD BD
7
15. cos 60  and sin 60 
22 OB OB
  5.39
7 1 OD 3 BD
 22  0.77   and 
2 32 2 32
 16.94 m 2  OD  16 and BD  16 3
Cost of cementing the path  BC  2 BD  32 3 (As ABC is an
= 16.94 × 110 equilateral triangle)
= Rs.1863.40 Area of the shaded region = Area of the circle –
13. Given, the side of the square = 28 cm. Area of ABC
Area of the square = 28 × 28 = 784 cm2
Area of the shaded region
28
Radius of each circle   14 cm  3 2

2    322 
 4
 
 32 3  cm 2

22
 Area of two circles  2   14  14  1232 cm 2 Area of the shaded region
7
Area of the 2 quadrants  22 
   32  32  768 3  cm2
90 7 
  14  14  2  98 cm 2
360  22528 
Area of the shaded region    768 3  cm 2
Area of the shaded region = Area of square + Area  7 
of two circles – Area of two quadrants
 784  1232  98  1918 cm 2 EXERCISE – 2 : AREAS RELATED TO
Hence, the area of shaded region = 1918 cm2 CIRCLES
14. Let each side of the equilateral triangle be a cm. 
Then, 1. We know that area of sector of angle    R2
360
Area = 1732.05 cm2
Area of sector of angle,
3 2 p p
 a  1732.05 p   R2   2 R 2
4 360 720
a 2 1732.05 2. According to question,
 
4 3 Circumference of circle with radius R
2 = Circumference of first circle + Circumference of
 a  1732.05
   ....  i  second circle
2 3 2 R  2 R1  2 R2
a  R  R1  R2
Clearly, radius of each circle is cm.
2 3. Area of segment = Area of sector – Area of triangle
Let A be the area of three sectors each of angle 60
 112.04  72  cm2
a
in a circle of radius cm. Then,  40.04 cm2
2
SOLUTION 80

4. Area of major segment = Area of circle – Area of Area of major segment = Area of circle – Area of
minor segment minor segment
584.02 = 605 – Area of minor segment 2  3 2
⇒ Area of minor segment = 605 – 584.02    21  441   cm
6 4
= 20.98 cm2  
5.  3
 441  441 
 6 4 
 
 3  5 
 441   441 
 4   6 
 3 5  2
 441   cm
Area of segment  4 6 
= Area of sector – area of  9. We have,
Area of square metal plate
2 60 3
   21    212  40  40 cm 2  1600 cm 2
360 4 2
 22  1  11
3 2 Area of each hole   r 2     cm 2  cm 2
 441   cm 7 2 14
 6 4  11
6. Given, radius of circle, r  OC  8 cm Area of 441 holes  441 cm 2  364.5 cm 2
14
Diameter of the circle Hence, area of the remaining square plate
 AC  2  OC  2  8  16 cm
 1600  346.5 cm2  1253.5 cm2
Which is equal to the diagonal of a square.
10.

Let side of square be ‘ a ’.

Using Pythagoras theorem,
AB 2  BC 2  AC 2
Area of minor segment = Area of sector – Area of
a 2  a 2  162 triangle.
2a 2  256 Area of sector
a 2  128 cm 2

  r2 
7. Let the radius of the circle be r . 360
Circumference of circle  2 r 2 60
 3.14  15  
Area of circle   r 2 360
Given that, the circumference of the circle and the  117.75 cm 2
area of the circle are equal. This implies, In OAB, OA  OB  15 cm
2 r   r 2  A  B
r2 By angle sum property, O  A  B  180
Therefore, the radius of the circle is 2 units.  60  2A  180  A  B 
8.
 A  B  60
 OAB is equilateral.
3 2
 Area of OAB   15  97.31 cm2
4
 Area of minor segment
 117.75  97.31 cm 2
 20.40 cm 2
Area of major segment = Area of circle – Area of
minor segment
SOLUTION 81
2
  15   20.43 25
Area of semicircle  cm 2
2
 686.07 cm2
Area of shaded region
11. (i) We have,
25  50   
Total length of the silver wire    25 3   25  3   cm 2
35 2  3   6
= circumference of the circle of radius mm + 14. Given, in trapezium ABCD, AB = 18 cm, CD = 32
2
length of five diameters cm, AB || CD and distance between || lines = 14 cm
35 and the radius of each sector = 7 cm.
 2   5  35 mm 1
2 Area of trapezium ABCD  18  32   14
 22 35  2
  2    175  mm 1
 7 2    50  14
2
 285 mm
 350 cm 2
(ii) The circle is divided into 10 equal sectors.
Therefore, Let, A  1 , B   2 , C  3 and D   4
Area of each sector of the brooch 1 1 22
Area of sector A   r2   77
1 360 360 7
 (Area of the circle)
10 1
2   154 cm 2
1  35  360
      mm 2
10  2  2
Area of sector B   154 cm 2
1 22 35 35 360
    mm 2
10 7 2 2 3
Area of sector C   154 cm 2
385 360
 mm 2
4 4
Area of sector D   154 cm 2
12. Clearly, RPQ is the angle in a semi-circle. 360
Therefore, it is a right-angle triangle.       4
Using Pythagoras theorem in ∆ RPQ, we have Area of 4 sectors  1 2 3  154
360
RQ 2  RP 2  PQ 2 360
  154
 RQ 2  7 2  242 360
 RQ 2  625  154 cm 2
 RQ  25 cm  Area of shaded region = 350 – 154 = 196 cm2
1 25 15.
 Radius of the circle RQ  cm
2 3
Now,
Area of the shaded region = Area of the semi-circle
– Area of RPQ
1 1
  r 2   PR  PQ
2 2
 1 22  25  2 1  Draw AD  BC .
        7  24  cm 2 As ABC is equilateral, so, circumcenter and
 2 7  2  2  centroid coincide.
 6875   OA  OD  2 :1 (centroid divides median in the
  84  cm 2
 28  ratio 2 :1 )
4523 2
 cm 2  OA  AD
28 3
13. Given, OP  OQ  PQ  10 cm 2
 4  AD
and POQ  60 3
 AD  6 cm
 100 100 3  2
Area of segment PAQM     cm Let AB  BC  CA  ’ a ’ cm
 6 4 
SOLUTION 82
2
a
In ABD, a 2  62   
2
2
3a
  36
4
 a  4 3 cm
1  3 2

 Required area   R 2    side  
3  4  The sharpened part of the pencil is cone and
unsharpened part is cylinder.
1  3 2

 Required area  16 
3  4

 4 3  cm2  6. We have,
Edge of each cube = 3 m

1  Volume of each cube
3

 Required area  16  12 3 cm 2  3 3
  edge    3 m3  27 m3
4 Volume of the cuboid  18 12  9  m3  1944m3

 4  3 3 cm 2
3
  Number of cubes
EXERCISE – 1 : SURFACE AREA AND Volume of the cuboid 1944
   72
VOLUMES Volume of each cube 27
1. Here, h  40 cm, circumference = 22 cm 7. Clearly,
2 r  22 Area covered = Curved surface area × Number of
revolutions.
22  7
or r  1.4
2  22 Here, r  m  0.7 m and h  2 m
7 2
or r   3.5 cm 22
2  Curved surface  2 h  2   0.7  2  8.8 m 2
2 7
r Hence, Area covered = Curved surface area × No. of
   h
Volume of reduced cylinder 2
 
2.  revolutions   8.8  5 m2  44m2
Volume of original cylinder  r 2h
8. If two cubes are joined end to end, we get a cuboid
1 such that
  1: 4
4 l = Length of the resulting cuboid = 10 cm + 10 cm
= 20 cm
3. As the cylinder just enclosed the sphere so the radius b = Breadth of the resulting cuboid = 10 cm
of the cylinder and sphere are equal i.e. r. So, h = Height of the resulting cuboid = 10 cm
diameter i.e., 2r and height h  2 r .  Surface area of the cuboid  2  lb  bh  lh 
 Surface area of the cuboid
 2  20 10  10 10  20 10  cm2 = 2(20 × 10 + 10
× 10 + 20 × 10) cm2
 Surface area of the cuboid  1000 cm 2
9. Let the radius of the resulting sphere be r cm. Then,
Volume of the resulting sphere
= Sum of the volumes of three spheres of radii 6 cm,
Hence, verifies the option (b). 8 cm and 10 cm
4 4 4 4
TSA of hemisphere 3 r 2   r 3    63    83   103
4.  2 3 3 3 3
Square of radius r 3
 r  216  512  1000
 Total surface area of hemisphere: Square of
radius  3 :1  r 3  1728
5.  r 3  123
 r  12 cm
10. Let r dm be the radius of the base and h dm be the
height of the cylindrical tank.
Then, h  6 r (given)
SOLUTION 83

Total surface area Let R cm be the radius of the sphere obtained by

 2 r  r  h   2 r  r  6r   14 r 2 recasting the melted cone. Then,
4 1 2
60 42 2   R 3      2.1   8.4 
Cost of painting  14 r 2   Rs. r 3 3
100 5 2
 Given that the cost of painting is Rs 237.60.  2.1  8.4 3
 R3    2.1
42 2 4
 r  237.60  R  2.1
5
42 22 2 Hence, the radius of the sphere is 2.1 cm.
   r  237.60 14. Let r be the radius and S be the curved surface
5 7
5 7 area. Then, S  4 r 2
 r 2  237.60   9 It is given that the diameter decreases by 25%.
42 22 Therefore,
 r  3 dm
 25  r
 h  6r  18dm Decrease in diameter = 25% of 2r    2r  
 100  2
Hence, Volume of the cylinder   r 2 h r 3r
 Volume of the cylinder  Decreased diameter  2r  
2 2
22 3r
   3  3  18    9  18  509.14 dm 3  Decreased radius 
7 4
11. Height ( h ) of conical part = Radius ( r ) of conical Let S1 be the new curved surface area. Then,
part = 1 cm 2
Radius ( r ) of hemispherical part = Radius of  3r  9 r 2
S1  4    
conical part ( r ) = 1 cm  4 4
Volume of solid = Volume of conical part + Volume  Decrease in curved surface
of hemispherical part
9 r 2 7 r 2
1 2 area  S  S1  4 r 2  
  r2h   r3 4 4
3 3 So, percentage decrease in curved surface area is
1 2 2 2  equal to
  1 1   1     cm 2
3 3 3 3 7 r 2
1 2 S  S1 700
  r2h   r3 100%  4 2  100%  %  43.75%
3 3 S 4 r 16
1 2 2 3 15.
  1 1   1
3 3
3
   cm 2
3
12. Clearly, each coin is a cylinder of radius r = 0.75
cm, height h = 0.2 cm. Therefore,
Volume of a coin
2
    0.75  0.2 cm3  Using V   r 2 h 
 
 Number of coins
2 Let r1 cm and r2 cm denote the radii of the base of
Volume of the cylinder    2.25   10
  2 the cylinder and cone respectively. Then,
Volume of a coin    0.75   0.2 r1  r2  8 cm
 Number of coins Let h1 and h2 cm be the heights of the cylinder and
2.25  2.25  10 the cone respectively. Then,
  3  3  50  450
0.75  0.75  0.2 h1  240 cm and h2  36 cm
13. We have, ∴ Volume of the cylinder
r = Radius of the base of the cone = 2.1 cm
h = Height of the cone = 8.4 cm   r12 h1 cm 3
 Volume of the cone    8  8  240  cm3
1 1 2
  r 2 h      2.1  8.4 cm 3    64  240  cm 3
3 3
Volume of the cone
SOLUTION 84
2
1 4 2
  r2 2 h2 cm 3 12   r 3     16
3 3 2
1  3
16 r  16
    8  8  36  cm3
3  r3  1
1 
    64  36  cm3  r  1 cm
3 
Diameter of each sphere, d  2r  2  1  2 cm
 Total volume of the iron = Volume of the
cylinder + Volume of the cone 7. Let the height of water raised be h cm.
 Volume of water displaced in cylinder
 1 
    64  240    64  36  cm3 2
 3    10  h
   64   240  12  cm3 Volume of cube  8  8  8 cm 3
22 888 7
  64  252 cm3 h   1.629 cm
7 22  10  10
 22  64  36 cm3 8. Let radius and height of one cylinder be R and H
respectively.
Hence, Total weight of the pillar = Volume x Radius and height of another cylinder be r and h
Weight per cm3
respectively.
  22  64  36   7.8 gms  R : r  2 : 3 and H : h  5 : 3
 395366.4 gms  395.3664 kg  R  2 x , r  3 x and H  5 y, h  3 y
EXERCISE – 2 : SURFACE AREA AND Ratio of their volumes   R2 H :  r 2 h
VOLUMES
2 2
   2 x   5 y  :   3x   3 y 
1. The portion of a cone which remains after its upper  20 x 2 y : 27 x 2 y
part has been cut off by a plane parallel to its base,
or which is intercepted between two such planes is  20 : 27
called as ‘frustum’. 9. Here, drinking glass is in the shape of a frustum of a
cone. Given, height of the frustum, h  14 cm
∵ Diameters of two circular ends are 4 cm and 2 cm
Radius of two circular ends,
4 2
r1  cm and r2  cm
2 2
 r1  2 cm and r2  1 cm
Now, volume (capacity) of drinking glass (frustum
of a cone)
1
  h  r12  r2 2  r1r2 
3
2. The shape of gilli, in the gilli-danda game is a 1 22 2 2
combination of two cones and a cylinder.    14 1   2   1 2  
3 7  
3. Here, r = 7 cm, h = 10 cm,
44
Volume of cylinder   r 2 h  1  4  2 
22 3
2
   7   10 44  7 308 2
7    102 cm3
3 3 3
 1540 cm 3
10. We have,
4. When two hemispheres of equal radii are joined
r1 = radius of the conical vessel = 5 cm
base to base, new solid becomes sphere and curved
h1 = height of the conical vessel = 24 cm
surface area of sphere is 4 r 2 .
5. Slant height and r2  radius of the cylindrical vessel = 10 cm
2 Suppose water rises to the height of h2 cm in the
 l   h 2   r1  r2   36  64  10 cm
cylindrical vessel.
 r1  r2  15  7  8 cm Clearly, Volume of water in conical vessel =
6. Volume of the twelve solid spheres is equal to the Volume of water in cylindrical vessel
volume of cylinder.
V12sphere  Vcylinder
SOLUTION 85

1 13. Given, mould is in the shape of a frustum of a cone,

  r12 h1   r2 2 h
3 30 35
in which r2  cm, r1  and h  14 cm
 r12 h1  3r2 2 h2 2 2
Now, quantity (volume) of molasses that can be
 5  5  24  3  10  10  h2
poured into it,
5  5  24 = Volume of the frustrum
 h2   2 cm
3  10  10 1 22  35  2  30  2  35 30  
11.    14          
3 7  2   2   2 2  
44
 306.25  225  262.5
3
44
  793.75
3
 11641.7 cm 3
Given, mass of 1 cm3 of molasses = 1.5 g
 Mass of the molasses that can be poured into
each mould  11641.7  1.5
 17462.5 g
For conical portion, we have  17.46 kg
r  2 m and l  2.8 m  1 
 17.5 kg  approx.  1g  kg
 S1  Curved surface area of conical portion  1000 
 S1   rl 14.
2
 S1    2  2  2.8 m
 S1  5.6 m 2
For cylindrical portion, we have
r  2 m, h  2.1 m
 S 2  Curved surface area of cylindrical Portion
 S 2  2 rh  2  2  2.1 m  8.4 m 2
Area of canvas used for making the tent  S1  S2 We have,
2
h  Length of the cylindrical part of a gulabjamun
  5.6  8.4  m = (5 – 1.4 – 1.4) cm = 2.2 cm
22 2 r  Radius of the cylindrical part of a gulabjamun =
 14  m
7 1.4 cm
Also, r  Radius of a hemispherical part of a
 44 m 2
gulabjamun = 1.4 cm
Total cost of the canvas at the rate of Rs 500 per ∴ Volume of a gulabjamun
m2 = Rs. (500 × 44) = Rs. 22000 = Volume of two hemispherical part + Volume of
12. Total volume of iron in two cylinders cylindrical part
  12 2  220    82  60 cm 3 2 
 2   r3    r 2h
  144  220    64  60 cm3 3 
 35520 cm3 4 3
  r   r 2h
3
 35520  3.14 cm 3
4 
 111532.8 cm 3   r2  r  h
3 
 Total mass of the iron pole  111532.8  8 gms
22 4 
 892262.4 gm   1.4  1.4   1.4  2.2 
7  3 
 1 
 892.2624 kg  1 g  1000 kg   22  0.2  1.4 
12.2
 
3
75.15 3
 cm
3
SOLUTION 86

Volume of 45 EXERCISE – 1 : STATISTICS

75.152
gulabjamun   45  1127.28 cm 3 1. While finding the mean of grouped data using
3 Assumed mean method, d i ′s are the deviations from
 Volume of syrup = 30% of 1127.28
A of mid points of the classes.
30 2. In grouping the data from ungrouped data all the
  1127.28  338.184 cm 3
100 observations between lower and upper limits of class
15. (i) Let ABCD be the bucket which is in the form of marks are taken in one group then mid value or class
frustum of a right circular cone with vertex O mark is taken for further calculation.
(as shown in the figure). Hence frequencies or observations must be centred
Let ON  x cm . Given, MN  16 cm at the class marks of the classes.
Hence, verifies the option (b).
 OM  16  x  cm 3. The first five odd multiples of 5, according to the
Now, by AA similarity criterion, ONB  OMC problem are: 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45
[ ONB  OMC  90 and OBN  OCM  5  15  25  35  45
Mean 
corresponding angles] 5
x 3  ON NB  125
      25
16  x 15  OM MC  5
x 1
  4.
16  x 5
Class Frequency Cumulative frequency
0.5-5.5 13 13
5.5-11.5 10 23
11.5-17.5 15 38
17.5-23.5 8 46
23.5 11 57

The median of 57 (odd)

 57  1 58
 5 x  16  x observations    29th term
2 2
 4 x  16 29th term lies in class 11.5-17.5
x4 So, upper, limit is 17.5.
 ON  4cm x  x  3  x  6  x  9  x  12
5. Given that,  10
and OM  4  16  20 cm 5
Hence, the height of the cone is 20 cm. 5 x  30  50
(ii) Volume of water which can be filled in the 5 x  20
bucket
x4
= Volume of frustum of cone ABCD
1
  h  r12  r2 2  r1r2  6.
3
1 2 2 Literacy Rate (in Number of Cumulative
  16 15   3  15  3
3   percent) cities frequency
 h  16 cm, r1  15 cm and r2  3 m 50-60 9 9
60-70 6 15
1 70-80 8 23
   16  225  9  45 
3 80-90 2 25
1
   16  279
3 n 25
Here,   12.5
   16  93 2 2
 1488 cm3 Since, the cumulative frequency just greater than
12.5 is 15 and the corresponding class is 60-70.
Hence, the volume of water which can be filled in
⇒ Median class = 60 - 70
the bucket is 1488 cm 3 .
SOLUTION 87

7. Given that, mean pocket allowance, x  Rs. 18

Taking 18 as assumed mean (A), d i and fi di are
C.I. xi fi xi f i calculated as follows:
0-6 3 5 15
6-12 9 4 36 Daily Number of Cla d i  xi  18 fi di
12-18 15 1 15 pocket children f i ss
18-24 21 6 126 Allowan mar
24-30 27 4 108 ce (in k
Total Rs) xi
f i  20  xi fi  300
11-13 7 12 -6 -42
13-15 6 14 -4 -24
Mean 
fx i i 15-17 9 16 -2 -18
f i 17-19 13 18 0 0
300 19-21 f 20 2 2f
  15
20 21-23 5 22 4 20
n 50 23-25 4 24 6 24
8. Here,   25 Total
2 2 f i  44  f 2 f  40
 Median class = 20 – 30
n
 cf
25  10 From the table, we obtain
Median  l  2  h  20  10
f 20  fi  44  f
 20  7.5  27.5
fd i i  2 f  40

9. As f i  40 and fd i i  72 x  A
fd i i

 fi
 Mean
 2 f  40 
x  a  fd i i
 17 
72
 17  1.8  18.8 18  18   
 44  f 
f i 40
10.  2 f  40 
0 
Class xi Frequency f i xi  44  f 
interval (Class  fi  2 f  40  0
marks) 2 f  40
0-20 10 7 70
f  20
20-40 30 2 60
40-60 50 10 500 Hence, the missing frequency f is 20.
60-80 70 9 630 12.
80-100 90 13 1170
Salary (in No. of persons c.f
f i  41  fi xi  2430 thousand Rs)
5-10 49 49
Here,f i  41 10-15 133  f 182
and  f x i i  2430 15-20 63 245
20-25 15 260
On putting the value of fx i i and f i in the
25-30 6 266
formula, 30-35 7 273
x
 fi xi , we get x  2430  59.26 25-40 4 277
 fi 41 40-45 2 279
Hence, the mean marks obtained by the students are 45-50 1 280
59.26.
11. To find the class mark (xi) for each interval, the N 280
  140
following relation is used. 2 2
Upper class limit  Lower class limit Median class = 10-15
xi 
2
SOLUTION 88

N  50- 11 55 1 11
  c. f  60
Median  l   2  h 60- y 65 2 2y
f
  70
 
Tot f  25  x  y fu  2 y  11
5 al 8
i i i
 10  140  49 
133
5  91
 10 
133 Mean  a 
 fui i
h
 13.42 f i
13. 2 y  11
 48  45   10
50
Classes fi C.f
2 y  11
0-100 15 15  48  45 
5
100-200 17 32
 3  5  2 y  11
200-300 f 32  f
 15  2 y  11
300-400 12 44  f
 y  13
400-500 9 53  f
  f i  25  x  y  50
500-600 5 58  f
 x  y  25
600-700 2 60  f
 x  25  13  12
N  60  f  x  12 and y  13
15.
N 60  f
From table, N  60  f  
2 2 Class Frequency ( f i Cumulative Frequency
Since, Median = 240, which lies between class 200 – ) (cf)
300. 0-5 12 12
 Median class = 200 – 300 5-10 a 12  a
N  10- 12 24  a
 2  c. f  15
Median  l   h
f 15- 15 39  a
 
  20
20- b 39  a  b
 60  f 
 2  32  25
 240  200    100 25- 6 45  a  b
 f  30
  30- 6 51  a  b
 60  f  64  35
 40     100
 2f  35- 4 55  a  b
40
 8 f  10 f  40
Total N   fi  70
 2 f  40
 f  20
Let a and b be the missing frequencies of class
14. intervals 5 – 10 and 20 – 25 respectively.
Then, 55  a  b  70
C.I fi xi xi  a f i ui
ui   a  b  15 .... 1
. h
Median is 16, which lies in 15 – 20. So, the median
class is 15 – 20.
20- 8 25 -2 -16
 l  15, h  5, N  70, f  15 and c.f.  24  a
30
30- 6 35 -1 -6 Now,
40
40- x 45  a 0 0
50
SOLUTION 89

N   f1  f0 
 2  cf  Mode  l    h
Median, M  l   h  2 f1  f 0  f 2 
f 
  40  24
   Mode  1500   500
80  24  33
 70 
 2   24  a   16
 Mode  1500   500  1847.826
 16  15   5 23
 15 
  N 28
7. Median    14
2 2
 35  24  a 
 16  15     Median class : 40 – 50
 3 
 Lower limit = 40 and Modal class : 40 – 50
 11  a  ⇒ Upper limit = 50
 16  15   
 3  Their sum = 40 + 50 = 90.
11  a 8. Given, median = 137 units and mean = 137.05 units.
 16  15  We know that Mode = 3 (Median) – 2 (Mean) =
3
3(137) – 2(137.05) = 411 – 274.10 = 136.90
 1 3  11  a
Hence, the value of mode is 136.90 units.
 a  11  3 9.
a8
 b  15  a [from (1)] C.I. xi fi xi f i
 b  15  8 0-6 3 5 15
b7 6-12 9 4 36
12-18 15 1 15
EXERCISE – 2 : STATISTICS 18-24 21 6 126
1. The point of intersection of the less than type and of 24-30 27 4 108
the more than type cumulative frequency curves Total
gives the median on the abscissa. As on x-axis as we f i  20  xi fi  300
take the upper or lower limits, respectively and on y-
axis we take cumulative frequency.
Mean 
fxi i
2. Formula for finding mean of discrete frequency
distribution by Assumed mean method is, f i

1 n 300
x  A   f i di   15
N i 1 200
10.
3. Arrange the numbers in ascending order: 3,7, 17, 19,
20, 21, 31, 43, 46. Expenditure F(families) c.f.
Here, the number of observations = 9, which is odd. 0-1000 150 150
Therefore, the median of the data set is the middle 1000-2000 200 350
observation, that is, the 5th observation. 2000-3000 75 425
 Median = 20 3000-4000 60 485
4. Here the maximum class frequency is 8, and the 4000-5000 15 500
class corresponding to this frequency is 3 - 5, So, the N   f  500
modal class is 3 - 5.
Mode  2  Mean  N  500
5. Median 
3 N 500
12k  2 15k   250
 2 2
3 Median class  1000  2000 ,
42k N
  c. f .
3
Median  l  2 h
 14k f
6. We observe that the class 1500 – 2000 has the 250  150
maximum frequency 40. So, it is the modal class  1000   1000
such that 200
l  1500, h  500, f1  40, f 0  24 and f 2  33  1000  500  1500
Median expenditure = ₹ 1500/week.
SOLUTION 90

11.

Class Intervals Frequency

0-20 2
20-40 2
40-60 3
60-80 12
80-100 18
100-120 5
120-140 2
Total 44

Given, Modal class = 80 – 100

l  80, f1  18, f 2  5, f 0  12 and h  20
 f1  f 0 
Mode  l    h
 2 f1  f 0  f 2 
 18  12 
 80     20
 36  12  5  13. Here, the data is not in continuous form, so we
6 convert it into continuous classes for finding the
 80   20
19 ‘more the type’ ogive. For this subtract 0.5 from
 80  6.31 lower limit of each class interval and add 0.5 to
 86.31 upper limit of each class interval.
12. For the given distribution ‘less than type’
cumulative frequency distribution is as follows: Marks 9.5- 19.5- 29.5- 39.5- 49.5-
Obtained 19.5 29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5
Marks Number of Marks Cumulative Number of 6 7 5 10 3
students frequency candidates
0-10 5 Less 5 For ‘more than type’ ogive we form cumulative
than 10 frequency distribution of more than type as given
below.
10-20 8 Less 5  8  13
than 20
13  6  19 Marks obtained Number of candidates
20-30 6 Less
than 30 more than 9.5 31
30-40 10 Less 19  10  29 more than 19.5 31  6  25
than 40 more than 29.5 25  7  18
40-50 6 Less 29  6  35 more than 39.5 18  5  13
than 50 more than 49.5 13  10  3
50-60 6 Less 35  6  41
than 60 Now, take lower limits along the X-axis and
cumulative frequency along Y-axis, on the graph
Now, mark the upper limits on the X – axis and paper by choosing a suitable scale. Then, plot the
cumulative frequencies along Y-axis and then plot points (9.5, 31), (19.5, 25), (29.5, 18), (39.5, 13) and
the points (10, 5), (20, 13), (30, 19), (40, 29), (50, (49.5, 3) on a graph paper and join them by a
35) and (60, 41). Join these points by a freehand freehand smooth curve. Thus, we get, more than
smooth curve to obtain the ‘less than type’ ogive as type’ ogive as shown in the figure.
shown in the figure.
 SOLUTION 91

7  20 140
 125   125   125  10.76  135.76
13 13
units
Mean > Median > Mode

15. Given distribution is cumulative frequency

distribution of less than type. Now, we mark the
upper limits along X-axis and cumulative
frequencies along Y-axis, on the graph paper. Then,
plot the points (7, 26), (14, 57), (21, 92), (28, 134),
(35, 216), (42, 287), (49, 341) and (56, 360). Join all
these points by a freehand smooth curve to obtain an
ogive of less than type. Now, let us form the
cumulative frequency distribution of more than type,
as shown below:

14. Heigh Frequency Heigh Cumulative

t t frequency
Monthly Number Cumula Class xi  a f i ui (More
consumptio of tive mark ui 
n consume frequen h than
( xi )
(in units) r cy (c.f.) or
( fi ) equal
65-85 4 4 75 -3 -12 to)
85-105 5 9 95 -2 -10 0-7 26 0 360
105-125 13 22 115 -1 -13 7-14 57  26  31 7 360  26  334
125-145 20 42 135 = a 0 0
(let)
145-165 14 56 155 1 14
14-21 92  57  35 14 334  31  303
165-185 8 64 175 2 16
18-205 4 68 195 3 12 21-28 134  92  42 21 303  35  268
Total
f i  68 fu i i 7
28-35 216  134  82 28 268  42  226

We have, Mean 35-42 287  216  71 35 226  82  144

 a
 fi ui  h  135  7  20  135  35 42-49 341  287  54 42 144  71  73
 fi 68 17
49-56 360  341  19 49 73  54  19
 135  2.06  137.06 units
n 68
Here, n  68,   34 ,
2 2 Now, we plot the points (0, 360), (7, 334), (14,
 Median class = 125 – 145 303), (21, 268), (28, 226), (35, 144), (42, 73) and
Here, l  125, n  68, f  20, c. f .  22, h  20 (49, 19) on the same graph paper by choosing a
suitable scale. Join all these points by a free hand
n  smooth curve to obtain an ogive of more than type.
 2  c. f .   34  22 
Median  l     h  125     20
 f   20 
 
 125  12  137 units
Maximum frequency = 20
Modal class  125  145
Here, l  25, f 0  13, f1  20, f 2  14
 Mode
 f1  f 0   20  13 
 l    h  125     20
2 f
 1 0  f  f 2   40  13  14 
SOLUTION 92

nE 1
PE  
nS  7
7. Total number of fishes in the tank
= 5 male fishes + 8 female fishes = 13 fishes
⇒ Probability of fish taken out is a male fish.
Number of male fishes 5
 
Total number of fishes 13
8. Total outcomes = 10
3  5  5  7  7  7  9  9  9  9 70
Mean   7
10 10
No. of favorable outcomes = 3
3
P  mean  
10
9. Number of all possible outcomes = 7
The two ogives intersect at point A. Now, we draw a
perpendicular line from A to the X-axis, the Numbers favorable to x  2 are - 1, 0 and 1.
intersection point on X-axis is 31.5. Thus, the ⇒ Number of favorable outcomes = 3
required median is 31. 3
So, required probability 
7
EXERCISE – 1 : PROBABILITY 10. No. of all possible outcomes  52  3  49
1. Probability lies between 0 and 1 and when it is (i) No. of face cards  12  3  9
converted into percentage it will be between 0 and 9
100. So, cannot be negative. Required probability 
49
2. In a deck of 52 cards, there are 26 red cards. (ii) No. of card of heart in the deck = 13
Number of red face cards = 3 of hearts + 3 of
13
diamonds = 6 Required probability 
6 3 49
So, probability of having a red face card   (iii) No. of cards of clubs = 13 – 3 =10
52 26
10
Hence, verifies the option (a). Required probability 
3. Total number of outcomes favorable for event S are 49
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} i.e., n  S   6 11. (i) The car starts normally but when there is some
defect, then car does not start. So, the outcomes are
A number which is odd and less than 3 is 1, so, not equally likely.
nE  1 (ii) The outcomes in this situation are not equally
nE likely because the outcomes depend on many factors
1
So, probability P  E    such as training of the player, quality of basketball,
nS  6 etc.
4. Total number of outcomes = 36 (iii) The outcomes in trial of true-false question are
Favorable outcomes are (1,2), (2,1), (1,3), (3,1), either true or false. Hence, the two outcomes are
(1,5), (5,1), i.e., 6 equally likely.
6 1 (iv) A new baby can be either a boy or a girl, so both
Required probability   the outcomes are equally likely.
36 6
12. Total number of points on the circle = 8
5. We know that P  E   P  E   1
(i) Let E1  Event of getting arrow at number 8
 P  E   1 P  E   Number of outcomes favorable to E1  1
 P  E   1  0.05  0.95 Probability that arrow comes at number 8,
1
6. Number of days in non-leap year = 365 P  E1  
365 1 8
Number of weeks   52  52 weeks (ii) Let E2  Event of getting arrow at an odd
7 7
Number of days left = 1 number
It may be any of 7 days which is from, Sunday, Here, odd numbers are 1, 3, 5 and 7.
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday,  Number of outcomes favorable to E2  4
Saturday. Probability that arrow comes at an odd number,
So, n  S   7 and n  E   1
SOLUTION 93

4 1 n  S   36
P  E2   
8 2 n  A  {(1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2,
(iii) Let E3  Event of getting arrow at a number
4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 6),
greater than 2, i.e., at 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5,
 Number of outcomes favorable to E3  6 2), (5, 4), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
Probability that arrow comes at a number greater n  A  27 3
than 2,  27 P  A     or 0.75  Probability
n  S  36 4
6 3
P  E3    3
8 4 of getting an even product is or 0.75
13. Let there be x blue balls in the bag. 4
 Total number of balls in the bag   8  x 
and, P1  Probability of drawing a blue ball
x

8 x
8
and P2  Probability of drawing a red ball 
8 x
It is given that,
P1  3P2
x 8
  3
8 x 8  x 
x 24
 
8 x 8 x
 x  24
Hence, there are 24 blue balls in the bag.
14. Total angle made by the circle at O is 360 .
Angle subtended by region 1 at O  90
Angle subtended by region 2 at O  90
Angle subtended by region 3 at O  180
180 1
(i) P (arrow is resting on 3)  
360 2
90 1
(ii) P (arrow is resting on 1)  
360 4
90 1
(iii) P (arrow is resting on 2)  
360 4
 P(arrow is not resting on 2) = 1 – P (arrow is
1 3
resting on 2)  1  
4 4
15. (i) A = Sum of digits is even
n  S   62  36
n  A  {(1, 3), (1, 5), (1, 1), (2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3,
1), (3, 3), (3, 5),
(4, 2), (4, 4), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 3), (5, 5), (6,
2), (6, 4), (6, 6)}
= 18
n  A  18 1
P  A    or 0.5
n  S  36 2
1
 Probability of getting an even sum is or 0.5
2
(ii) A  product of digits is even