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Assignment 1

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Assignment 1

Uploaded by

xiongtianhua69
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 1 – Energy and Thermodynamics

Deadline: 10/15 1pm


Name: Student ID: Session ID (1001 or 1002):

Note: Please take gravity acceleration 𝑔 = 9.80m/𝑠 2 and density of water 𝜌 = 1000kg/𝑚3 in
this assignment for simplicity.

1. A rigid ping-pong ball is hung by a string within a container full of water, whose center is 100
mm below the surface of water. The container is a cylinder, whose height and diameter are both
200 mm. The diameter of the ball is 40 mm, and the weight of the ball can be neglected.
Suddenly, the string is cut, and the ball floats and stays on the surface of water. During this
process, please calculate:

1) The work done by the container to water.

2) The work done by gravity to water.

3) The work done by water to the ball.

2. A 1200-kg car is being driven up a 5.0°hill. The frictional force is directed opposite to the

motion of the car and has a magnitude of f =524 N. A force ⃗𝑭 is applied to the car by the road
and propels the car forward. In addition to these two forces, two other forces act on the car: its

weight ⃗𝑾
⃗⃗⃗ and the normal force ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑭𝑵 directed perpendicular to the road surface. The length of

⃗ , so that the net work done by


the road up the hill is 290 m. What should be the magnitude of 𝑭
all the forces acting on the car is +150 kJ?

3. A person starts from the crest at the top of a large, frictionless, spherical surface and slides into
the water below (see the drawing). At what angle θ does the person leave the surface?
4. A runner accelerates uniformly during the first 2 s of a race, covering 8 m. What is the average
power generated by the runner during this time if the runner’s weight is 680 N?

5. Two cylindrical rods are identical, except that one has a thermal conductivity k1 and the other
has a thermal conductivity k2. As the drawing shows, they are placed between two walls that
are maintained at different temperatures TW (warmer) and TC (cooler). When the rods are
arranged as in part a of the drawing, a total heat Q’ flows from the warmer to the cooler wall,
but when the rods are arranged as in part b, the total heat flow is Q. Assuming that the
conductivity k2 is twice as great as k1 and that heat flows only along the lengths of the rods,
determine the ratio Q’/Q.

6. A ball and a thin plate are made from different materials and have the same initial temperature.
The ball does not fit through a hold in the plate, because the diameter of the ball is slightly
larger than the diameter of the hole. However, the ball will pass through the hole when the ball
and the plate are heated to a common higher temperature. In each of the arrangements in the
drawing the diameter of the ball is 1.0 × 10-5 m larger than the diameter of the hole in the thin
plate, which has a diameter of 0.10 m. The initial temperature of each arrangement is 25.0℃.
At what temperature will the ball fall through the hole in each arrangement?
7. A solid cylinder is radiating power. It has a length that is ten times its radius. It is cut into a
number of smaller cylinders, each of which has the same length. Each small cylinder has the
same temperature as the original cylinder. The total radiant power emitted by the pieces is twice
that emitted by the original cylinder. How many smaller cylinders are there?

8. A spherical balloon is made from an amount of material whose mass is 2.85 kg. The thickness
of the material is negligible compared to the 1.10-m radius of the balloon. The balloon is filled
with helium (He) at a temperature of 305 K and just floats in air, neither rising nor falling. The
density of the surrounding air is 1.19 kg/m3. Find the absolute pressure of the helium gas.

9. Suppose a monatomic ideal gas is contained within a vertical cylinder that is fitted with a
movable piston. The piston is frictionless and has a negligible mass. The area of the piston is
8.32 × 10-2 m2, and the pressure outside the cylinder is 1.01 × 105 Pa. Heat (1974 J) is
removed from the gas. Through what distance does the piston drop?

10. The hot reservoir for a Carnot engine has a temperature of 980 K, while the cold reservoir has
a temperature of 760 K. The heat input for this engine is 4800 J. The 760-K reservoir also serves
as the hot reservoir for a second Carnot engine. This second engine uses the rejected heat of the
first engine as input and extracts additional work from it. The rejected heat from the second
engine goes into a reservoir that has a temperature of 540 K. Find the total work delivered by
the two engines.

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