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Lab Report

Uploaded by

Lifesy 360
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Titration of Acids and Bases Report

Introduction
Titration is a widely used analytical technique to determine the concentration of an
unknown solution by reacting it with a standard solution of known concentration. The
process involves the gradual addition of one solution to another while measuring the
reaction until the equivalence point is reached. Acid-base titration specifically measures the
concentration of acids or bases using indicators such as phenolphthalein, which shows a
color change at the endpoint. This experiment aimed to determine the concentration of
hydrochloric acid (HCl) using a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution of known molarity. The
practical applications of titration include quality control in industries and educational
laboratories, showcasing its importance in both academic and professional settings.

Methods
The experiment began by cleaning all apparatus to ensure no contaminants affected the
results. A pipette was used to transfer 25.0 mL of HCl into a conical flask, followed by adding
two drops of phenolphthalein indicator. A burette was filled with NaOH, ensuring no air
bubbles were present. NaOH was titrated into the acid while swirling until the solution
turned faint pink, indicating the endpoint. The procedure was repeated three times to
achieve consistent results, and the average volume of NaOH used was calculated for
accuracy.

Results
The results of the titration experiment are summarized in the table below. The average
volume of NaOH used to neutralize 25.0 mL of HCl was found to be 24.30 mL. This data was
used to calculate the molarity of HCl using the formula: M1V1 = M2V2, where M1 and V1
represent the molarity and volume of HCl, respectively, and M2 and V2 represent the
molarity and volume of NaOH. Based on the data, the molarity of HCl was determined to be
0.243 M.

Discussion
The titration results indicate a consistent reaction between HCl and NaOH, as evidenced by
the close agreement between replicate trials. The calculated molarity of HCl, 0.243 M, aligns
with expected theoretical values, considering experimental conditions. Factors such as
accurate pipetting and precise endpoint determination contributed to the reliability of the
results. However, potential sources of error include human perception of the endpoint and
incomplete mixing during titration. Improvements, such as using a pH meter to detect the
equivalence point or conducting more replicates, could enhance the accuracy of future
experiments. This experiment highlights the precision and practicality of titration in
determining unknown concentrations, reinforcing its significance in both educational and
industrial settings.
Conclusion
In this experiment, the molarity of hydrochloric acid was successfully determined to be
0.243 M through titration with sodium hydroxide. The procedure emphasized the
importance of precision and accuracy in volumetric analysis. Future experiments could
incorporate technological advancements to minimize human error and improve reliability.

References
1. Brown, T.L., LeMay, H.E., Bursten, B.E., and Murphy, C.J. (2018). *Chemistry: The Central
Science*. 14th ed. New York: Pearson.
2. Vogel, A.I. (1989). *Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis*. 5th ed. Harlow:
Longman Scientific & Technical.
3. Harris, D.C. (2020). *Quantitative Chemical Analysis*. 10th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman.

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