PRACTICE PAPER 1

CHEMISTRY– 12

Time : 3 hrs Max. Marks : 70

General Instructions
1. There are 35 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
2. Section A consists of 18 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B consists of 7 very short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
4. Section C consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.

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5. Section D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
6. Section E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
7. All questions are compulsory.
8. Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.

SECTION-A
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The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each
question carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.

1. Out of o-chlorophenol, o-bromophenol, o-iodophenol and o-fluorophenol which is most

acidic ?
(a) o-bromophenol (b) o-chlorophenol
(c) o-iodophenol (d) o-fluorophenol
A

2. Which of the following alkyl halides is hydrolysed by SN2 mechanism?

(a)C6H5CH2Br (b) CH3Br
(c) CH3 = CHCH2Br (d)(CH3)3CBr

3. Generally, transition elements form coloured salts, due to the presence of unpaired
B

electrons. Which of the following compounds will be coloured in solid state?

(a) Ag2SO4 (b) CUF2
(c) ZnF2 (d) Cu2Cl2

4. Which radioactive isotope would have the smaller half-life 14 C or 13C? (Given ; rate
constants for 14 C and 13 C are 4.26 × 10-3 s-1 and 2.53 × 10-2 s-1 respectively).
(a) 13 C
(b) 14 C
(c) Both will have same half-life

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(d) None of the above information given is insufficient.

5. Consider the following graph,

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Here, the limiting molar conductivity is
(a) 148.6 (b) 150
(c) 87.46 (d) 147

6. For the reaction, A → P, the rate of reaction increases eight times when the concentration
of the reactant increases four times. The order of the reaction is
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(a) 2.5 (b) 0.5
(c) 1.5 (d) 2.0

7. Arrange the following in the increasing order of the their basicity.

A: Ammonia B : 2-methyl-2-propanamine C: Diethylamine
(a) A < B < C
(b) A > B > C .
A

(c) A < C < B

(d) B < A < C

8. The CFSE of [Ni(CN)4]2- is 8000 cm-1 and the CFSE of [Ni(CN)6]2- will be
(a) 18000 cm-1 (b) 9000 cm-1
B

(c) 27000 cm-1 (d) 4000 cm-1

9. What would be the product of the following reaction?

A B

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(a) CH3CH2OH

(b) CH3CH2OH

(c) CH3—CH2OH

(d) CH2CH2I

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10. Which of the following statements is not correct for amines?
(a) The angle of C—N—C in trimethylamine is 108°.
(b) Me—NH2 is the weaker base than MeOH.
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(c) The amine formed has one carbon atom less than the parent 1° amide in Hofmann
bromamide reaction,
(d) N-ethyl benzene sulphonamide is soluble ip alkaline medium.

11. CH3CH2OH can be converted into CH3CHO by

(a) catalytic hydrogenation
(b) treatment with LiAlH4
(c) treatment with pyridinium chloro chromate
A

(d) treatment with KMnO4

12. Consider the following graph of zero order reaction.

B

The intercept (i) and slope (ii) of the graph are

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(a) (i) [R]0, (ii) - k
(b) (i) - [R]0, (ii) - k

(c) (i) [R]0, (ii)

(d) (i) -[R]0, (ii)

13. According to postulates of Werner's theory for coordination compounds, which of the
following is true?
(a) Primary valencies are ionisable.
(b) Secondary valencies are ionisable. .
(c) Only primary valencies are non-ionisable

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(d) Both primary and secondary valencies are non-ionisable.

14. Rosenmund reaction gives

(a) aldehyde .
(b) alcohol
(c) carboxylic acid
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(d) ether

Direction (Q. Nos. 15-18) In the following questions as Assertion (A) is followed by a
corresponding Reason (R). Use the following keys to choice the appropriate answer,
(a) Both A and R are correct, R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are correct, R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct, R is incorrect.
(d) A is incorrect, R is correct.
A

15. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A) Phenols give o and p-nitrophenol on nitration with cone. HNO3 and H2SO4
mixture.
Reason (R) —OH group in phenol is o -, p-directing.
B

16. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A) All naturally occurring α-amino acids except glycine are optically active.
Reason (R) Most naturally occurring amino acids have L-configuration.

17. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A) Chromium is a typical hard metal, while mercury is a liquid.
Reason (R) In Cr, there are six unpaired electrons, whereas in Hg, there is no unpaired
electron.

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18. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A) In order to convert R—Cl to pure R—NH2, Gabriel phthalimide synthesis can
be used.
Reason (R) With proper choice of alkyl halides, phthalimide synthesis can be used to
prepare 1°, 2° or 3° amines.

SECTION-B
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in two questions. The following
questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.

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19. A first order reaction is 25% complete in 40 minutes. Calculate the value of rate constant.
In what time will the reaction be 80% completed?
(Given : log3 = 0.477, log4 = 0.602)

20. Account for the following.

(a) Vitamin B and Vitamin C are essential for us.
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(b) Amino acids show amphoteric behaviour.

Or
Explain what is meant by
(a) Pyranose structure of glucose?
(b) glycosidic linkage?

21. Give reason for the following.

A

(a) t-butyl bromide is more reactive towards SN1 reaction as compared to n-butyl bromide.
(b) CH3CH2I undergoes SN2 reaction faster than CH3CH2Br.

Or
(a) A hydrocarbon C5H12 gives only one monochlorination product. Identify the hydro carbon.
B

(b) Out of and which one undergoes faster towards SN1 reaction?
.
22. Name the following complexes and draw the structure of one possible isomer of each
[Cr(C2O4)3]3- and [Pt(NH3)2CI2] complex.

23. The standard oxidation potential of Ni/Ni2+ electrode is 0.236 V If this is combined with a
hydrogen electrode in an acidic solution, at what pH of the solution will measured emf be
zero at 25°C?
(Assuming [Ni2+ ] = 1 M)

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24. Explain what is the effect of adding a catalyst on
(a) Activation energy (Ea) and
(b) Gibbs energy (∆G) of a reaction.
(b) A Gibbs energy is a state function which depends upon the initial and 'final states of the
reaction, Hence, a catalyst does not alter Gibbs energy (∆G) of a reaction.

25. Write the reaction and IUPAC name of the product formed when ethanol is treated with
ethyl magnesium bromide followed by hydrolysis.

SECTION-C

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This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one questions. The following
questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each.

26. Write the equations for the following reactions.

(a) Phenol is treated with cone. H2SO4 and cone. HNO3.
(b) Propan-2-ol is treated with CrO3 .PCC.
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(c) Ethanoic acid is treated with sodium carbonate.

27. Using valence bond theory, explain the following in relation to the paramagnetic complex
[Fe(CN)6]3-
(a) type of hybridisation
(b) magnetic moment
(c) type of complex-inner or outer orbital complex.
.
A

28. Answer the following questions.

(a) What is the difference between molarity and molality of a solution and how can we
change molality value of solution into molarity value? (2)
(b) A solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in water is labelled as 10% by weight. What would be the
molality of the solution? (Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol-1). (1)
B

29. Give reasons for any 3 of the following observations.

(a) Aniline doqs not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(b) (CH3)2NH is more basic than (CH3)3N in an aqueous solution.
(c) Primary amines have higher boiling point than tertiary amines.
(d) In the reduction of nitro compound, Fe scrap and HCl is preferred over other metals.

30. (a) Identify the major product formed when sodium ethoxide reacts with tert-butyl
chloride. (1)

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(b) Why chlorobenzene is extremely less reactive towards a nucleophilic substitution
reaction? Give two reasons. (2)

Or
(a) Name the possible alkene which will yield toluene on their reaction with sodium and
methyl chloride, Write the name of reaction involved. (1)
(b) Dextro and laevo-rotatory isomers of butan-2-ol are difficult to separate by fractional
distillation. Why? (2)

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(b) Two reasons for the less reactivity of chlorobenzene towards a nucleophilic substitution
reaction are as follows:
(i) Resonance Effect The electron pair of chlorine atom is involved in conjugation with the
π-electrons of the benzene ring and the following resonating structures are obtained:
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A

As a result, electrons of C—Cl bond get delocalised and a partial double bond character
develops in the bond and hence, it 'becomes difficult for the nucleophile to cleave the C—Cl
bond.
(ii) Increased Electron Density A repulsion is suffered by the nucleophile due to increased
electron density on the benzene ring which prohibits the nucleophile to make a dose access
B

for the attack on the molecule..

(a)

Chlorobenzene reacts with sodium and methyl chloride in the presence of dry ether to form

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toluene and sodium chloride. This reaction is known as Wurtz reaction.
(b) The dextro and laevo rotatory isomers (optical isomers) of butan-2-ol are :

These are enantiomers (mirror images which give opposite rotation) and thus will have
almost same boiling point which will make their separation difficult by fractional distillation.

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SECTION-D
The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice and
carries 4 (1+1+2) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that
follow.

31. One of the most important classes of biomolecules is carbohydrates. These include
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sugars, starch, glycogen, cellulose etc. These are formed by plants under a process called
photosynthesis and make up about 70%. of plant material. Carbohydrates provide us food,
clothing arid shelter in the form of starch, cotton and wood respectively.
Earlier carbohydrates were called as hydrates of carbon Cx(H2O)y. But this definition is not
applicable in all cases. Carbohydrates are also called saccharides. These can be
monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Carbohydrates can also be
classified as sugar and non-sugar. All the monosaccharides and oligosaccharides are sugar.
Digestible carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides, starch, and glycogen.
Only monosaccharides can be absorbed from the small intestine, but glycosidic linkages in
disaccharides, starch, and glycogen may be hydrolyzed by endogenous enzymes in the
small intestine, resulting in release of their constituent monosaccharides. However, these
A

enzymes show high specificity to their target sugar units, which consequently results in only
a limited number of carbohydrates in the feed that can be digested by the animal. Non-
digestible carbohydrates that reach the large intestine may be digested by microbial
enzymes because intestinal microorganisms secrete glycoside hydrolases and
polysaccharide lyases that humans and pigs do not express.
Answer the following questions.
B

(a) Carbohydrates are classified as sugar and non-sugar. Give an example each of sugar
and non-sugar. (1)
(b) Carbohydrates are classified into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and
polysaccharides. Which of these saccharides reduces Fehling solution or Tollen's reagent?
(1)
(c) Carbohydrates were earlier called hydrates of carbon. Which carbohydrates can't
undergo
hydrolysis?
(i) Monosaccharids (ii) Oligosaccharides (iii) Polysaccharides? (2)

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 Or
How and where does the hydrolysis of carbohydrates occur? (2)
Or
A carbohydrate can be hydrolysed and break down into its sugar molecules or two
monosaccharide units. The digestion of carbohydrates by enzyme catalysed hydrolysis
begins in our mouth and continues in our stomach and small intestine. The final product of
the digestion of carbohydrates are monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose,

32. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions. Ritu is investing the
melting point of different salt solutions. She makes a salt solution using 20 mL of water with
a known mass of KCl salt. She takes the frozen salt solution out of the freezer and measures
the temperature when the frozen salt solution melts.

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She repeats each experiment one more time and observed data is as follows

S. No. Mass of salt used in g Melting point (°C)

Reading set 1 Reading set 2

1. 0.3 -1.8 -1.8

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2. 0.4 -2.4 -2.5

3. 0.5 -3.0 -48

4. 0.6 -3.6 -3.6

5, 0.8 -4.8 -4.7

Assuming the melting point of pure water as 0°C, answer the following questions.
(a) In reading set 2, one temperature does not fit the pattern. Which temperature is that?
Justify your answer. (1)
A

(b) Why did Ritu collect two sets of results? (1)

(c) Instead of KCl, if Ritu had used glucose, what would have been the melting point of the
solution with 0.4 g glucose in it? (2)
Or
What is the predicted melting point if 1.2 g of salt is added to 10 mL of water? Justify your
B

answer. (2)

SECTION-E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each. Two questions
have.an internal choice.

33. (a) On the basis of E° values, O2 gas should be liberated at anode, but it is Cl2 gas which
is liberated in the electrolysis of aqueous NaCl? (1)
(b) Write the anode and cathode reactions occurring in a commonly used mercury cell. (2)
(c) Write the cell reaction and calculate the emf of the following cell at 298 K.

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Sn(s) || Sn2+ (0.004 M) || H + (0.02M)
|(H 2 (g) (1 bar) | Pt (s)
(Given : = -0.14V) (2)
Or
(a) Following reactions can occur at cathode during the electrolysis of aqueous silver nitrate
solution using Pt electrodes :
Ag+(ag) + e- → Ag(s); E° = 0.80 V
H+(aq) + e- → H2(g); E° = 0.00 V
On the basis of their standard electrode potential values, which reaction is feasible at
cathode and why? (2)

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(b) When acidulated water (dil. H2SO4 solution) is electrolysed, will the pH of the solution be
affected? (1)
(c) What will be the molar conductivity of the 0.20 M solution of KCl at 298 K when its
conductivity is 0.0248 S cm-1? (2)

34. An organic compound A (C4H6O4) on treatment wit'h ethyl alcohol gives a carboxylic acid
B and compound C. Hydrolysis of C under acidified conditions gives B and D.
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(a) Identify A, B, C and D. (2)
(b) Write the reaction of D with KMnO4 . (1)
(c) Write the equation for B on heating with Ca(OH)2. (1)
(d) Write down the equation of C with NaOH. (1)

Or
A ketone A(C4H8O) which undergoes a haloform reaction gives compound B on reduction,
heating with sulphuric acid gives a compound C which forms mono-ozonides D.
A

(a) Identify A, B, C and D. (1)

(b) How does compound A gives iodoform reaction? (1)
(c) Write the equation for D on hydrolysis with Zn dust. (1)
(d) Write the equation for C with HBr. (1)
(e) Which has high boiling point compound
B

(A) or (B)? Why? (1)

35. Answer the following.

(a) Why is the highest oxidation state is exhibited in oxoanions of transition metals? (1)
(b) Why the transition elements show high melting points? (1)
(c) Why first ionisation enthalpy of Cr is lower than that of Zn? (1)
(d) Explain the observation, although Cr3+ and Co2+ ions have same number of unpaired
electrons but the magnetic moment of Cr3+ is 3.87 BM and that of Co2+ is 4.87 BM. (1)
(e) What are the misch metals? (1)

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 SOLUTIONS OF PRACTICE PAPER 1

Ans1. (b) o-chiorophenol will be most acidic. Here, o-fiuorophenol is weakest acid due to
strong intramolecular H-bonding. The acidity of other haiophenol decreases as the -I-effect
of halogen decreases.

Ans.2 (b) SN2 mechanism Involves the back side attack and formation of a transition state,

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thus less hindered alkyl halide readily undergoes SN2 mechanism. Among the given
haloalkanes, CH3Br (methyl bromide) is less hindered, thus hydrolysed by SN2 mechanism.

Ans3. (b) Transition elements form coloured salt due to the presence of unpaired electrons.
In CuF2, Cu(ll) contains one unpaired electron, Hence, CuF2 is coloured in solid state.

14 13
Ans.4 (a) The rate constant for the decay of C is less than C. Therefore, the rate of
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decay
of 13C will be faster and will have a smaller half-life.

Ans.5 (b) When concentration approaches zero, the molar conductivity is known as limiting
molar conductivity. So, . here limiting molar conductivity is near about 150.

Ans.6 (c) For the reaction,

A→P
A

The differential rate law is

Rate = k[A]x
Rate1 =k[a]x
Rate2 = k[4a]x

= ( ) ⇒ 8 = (4)x
B

Thus,

Taking log both sides

log8 = log(4)x ⇒ log(2)3 = log(2)2x
3log2 = 2xlog2 ⇒ x = = 1.5

∴ Hence, order of the reaction is 1.5.

Ans.7 (a) The order of basicity of amines is

(C2H5)2NH > H2N— CH —(CHg)g > NH3

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 C B A

The basic nature of aliphatic amines increases with increase in the number of alkyl groups,
i.e. + /-effect of alkyl group increases their basicity.

Ans8. (a) CFSE for octahedral and tetrahedral complexes are closely related to each other
by formula, ∆t = ∆o.

∆o = CFSE for octahedral complex

∆t =CFSE for tetrahedral complex
Given, CFSE of [Ni(CN)4]2- (tetrahedral)
CFSE of [Ni(CN)6]2- (octahedral) complex(∆o) = ?

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∆t = ∆0

8000 = ∆0

∴ ∆0 = = 18000cm-1

Ans.9 (d) The reaction of isopropylethyl ether with hot hydroiodic acid gives isopropyl
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alcohol (A) and ethyl iodide (B).

Ans.10 (b) MeNH2 is a stronger base than MeOH because N is less electronegative than 0
and lone pair of electrons on N is more easily availableforthe donation inMeNHa.
A

Ans.11 (c) Ethanal is an oxidised product of ethanol, Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC)

(C6H5N+HCI-CrO3) oxidises primary alcohols to aldehydes, It stops reaction at the aidehydic
.stage.
Strong oxidising agents such as KMnO4 are used for getting carboxylic acids from alcohols.
B

CH3CH2OH CH3CHO

Ethanol Ethanal

Ans.12 (a) The plot of concentration of reactant at time ‘t’ [R]t vs time (t) for a zero order
reaction gives a straight line with negative slope (-k) and an intercept on y axis equal to [R]0.

Ans.13 (a) According to postulates of Werner's theory for coordination compounds, metal
atoms exhibit two types of valencies, i.e. primary valency and secondary valency. The
primary valency is ionisable, while the secondary valency is non-ionisable.

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Ans.14 (a) Acyl chloride is hydrogenated over catalyst, palladium barium sulphate to give
aldehyde. This reaction is called Rosenmund reaction,
e.g.

Benzoyl chloride Benzaldehyde

Ans.15 (d) Assertion is false but Reason is true statement.

Correct Assertion Phenols giveo- and p-nitrophenol on nitration with dil. HNO3 at 298 K.

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Ans.16 (b) All naturally occurring α-amino acids except glycine are optically active. .
Glycine is optically inactive because glycine does not have all four different substituent as
A

shown below

Glycine
B

Hence, both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason does not explain Assertion

Ans.17 (a) Electronic configuration of Cr = [Ar]3d54s1

Electronic configuration of Hg = [Xe] 4f145d106s2.
In Cr, there are six unpaired electrons and have strong metallic bonding but in Hg, there are
no unpaired electrons for strong metallic bonding.
Therefore, Cr is a hard metal while Hg is a liquid. Hence, both Assertion and Reason are
correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

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Ans.18 (c) Only primary amines can be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide reaction.

Ans.19 For first order reaction, k = log

The given first order reaction completes 25% in 40 min.
Let, a = 100
a - x = 100 – 25 a - x = 75

∴k= log

= (log 4-log 3)
k = 0.0072 min-1

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For 80% compietion of reaction,
a = 100
a - x = 100 - 80 = 20
k = 0.0072 min-1
t= log
= 223.6 min
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Ans.20 (a) Vitamins B and C are soluble in water which must be supplied regularly in diet
because they are readily excreted in urine and cannot be stored (except vitamin B12) in our
body.
(b) Amino acids contain both amino (—NH2) and carboxyl (—COOH) groups, thus they react
with both acids and bases. Hence, amino acids are amphoteric in nature.
Or
(a) The six membered cyclic structure of glucose is called pyranose structure (a or p), in
analogy with pyran. Pyran is a cyclic compound with one oxygen atom and five carbon
A

atoms in the ring.

B

(b) The two monosaccharide units are joined together by an oxide linkage formed by the loss
of a water molecule. Such a linkage between two monosaccharide units through oxygen
atom is called glycosidic linkage.

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Ans.21 (a) ln SN1 reaction, reactivity depends upon the stability of intermediate carbocation
formed. Let us consider the formation of carbocation of the two given alkyl halides
CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2— Br →
n-butyl bromide

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CH3—CH2— CH2—

(1° carbocation) less stable

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Carbocation formed by tert-butyl bromide being tertiary is more stable than primary, hence f-
butyl bromide undergoes SN1 reaction faster.
(b) As I- ion is a better leaving group than Br- ion, therefore iodides are more reactive than
bromides.
Therefore, CH3— CH2—I is more reactive than CH3— CH2— Br towards SN2 reaction and
thereby, CH3— CH2— I would undergo SN2 reaction faster than CH3— CH2—Br.
Or
A

(a) Hydrocarbon which gives only one monochlorination product is 2, 2-dimethyl propane
B

2, 2- dimethyl propane

3 - chlorm 2, 2 - dimethyl propane

1-chloro-2, 2-dimethyl propane

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(b) The reactivity towards SN1 reaction depends upon the stability of the intermediate
carbocation which an alkyl halide gives on ionisation. Thus,

As 3° carbocation s are more stable than

2°carbocations, therefore, will react faster than in SN1 reaction

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Ans.22 Geometrical isomers are cis - and trans forms, optical isomers are d-and I- forms
(mirror images).
[M(AA)3] type complex does not exhibit geometrical isomerism, they show optical isomerism,
(i) [Cr(C2O4)3]3-
IUPAC name Trioxalatochromate (III) ion
Possible isomers Optical isomers (d and I)
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Structure

(il) [Pt (NH3)2CI2]

IUPAC name
A

Diamminedichloridoplatinum (II)
Possible isomers Geometrical isomers
(cis and trans)
Structure
B

Ans.23 Ni → Ni2+ + 2e- (Oxidation at anode)

2H+ + 2e- → H2 (Reduction at cathode)
Ni + 2H+ → Ni2+ + H2 (Overall reaction)
th ( )

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 [ ]
( )
[ ]
( [ ] )

( [ ] )

( [ ])

[ [ ] ]

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Ans.24 (a) On adding catalyst in a reaction, the activation energy decreases if the added
catalyst is positive catalyst and if the added catalyst is negative, then the activation energy,
will increase. Generally, the catalyst lowers the activation energy and changes the path of
the reaction.

Ans.25 When ethanol is treated with ethyl magnesium bromide, then unstable compound is
formed which further on hydrolysis, gives final product, i.e. butan-2-ol.
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Ans.26

(b)
A

(c)

2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 ↑

Sodium acetate
B

Ans.27 According to VBT, MOEC (Molecular Orbital Electronic Configuration) of Fe 3+ in

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[Fe(CN)6]3- is

(a) Hybridisation = d2sp3

(b) No. of unpaired electron = n = 1
Hence, [Fe(CN)0]3- ion shows magnetic moment corresponding to one unpaired electron.
i.e. √ ( )

√ ( )
√

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(c) Since, inner 3d-orbitals are used in hybridisation, so, it is inner-orbital complex

Ans.28 (a) Molality is defined as the number of moles of the solute per kilogram of the
solvent. It is represented by m.

Molality (m) =
( )
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It does not change with change in temperature.

Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in one litre or one cubic
decimetre of the solution.
Molarity (M) =
( )

It decreases with increase in temperature (as V ∝ T). We can change molality value of a
solution into molarity value by using following relation:
Molality (m) = ( ) ( )
A

where, M is the molarity and M2 is the molar mass of component 2 (generally solute) and d is
the density of solution (in g cm-3).
(b) A 10% glucose solution by weight means that 10 g glucose is present in 100 g solution.
Number of moles of 10 g glucose
B

= = 0. 0555 mol
Weight of glucose = 10 g
Weight of water = 90 g = kg = 0.09 kg

Molality (m) = ( )

= 0.61 mol kg-1 or 0.61 m.

Ans.29 (a) Due to electron withdrawing effect of the acetyl group, the tone pair of electrons

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on N-atom is attracted by group.
As a result, lone pair of electrons on N-atom is not exclusively available for donation to the
benzene ring and hence, activating effect of the — NH2 group is reduced.

(b) In aqueous solution, basic nature depends on + I-effect, H-bonding and steric-effect.
The combined effect shows that (CH3)2 NH is more basic than (CH3)3 N as H-bonding is
more in case of (CH3)2 NH than in (CH3)3N, which predominates over the stability due to +I-
effect of three —CH3 groups.

(c) Tertiary amines have low boiling point than primary amines because tertiary amines have
no hydrogen atoms bonded to the nitrogen atom, whereas primary amines have hydrogen
bonding due to presence of N-atom and hydrogen. Thus, tertiary amines cannot form

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intermolecular hydrogen bonding and have low boiling point.
(d) Reduction with Fe-scrap and HCl is preferred because FeCl2 formed gets hydrolysed to
release HCI during the reaction. Therefore, only a small amount of HCI is needed to initiate
the reaction.

Ans.30 (a)
LA
Tert-butyl chloride
A
B

Tert - butyl ethyl ether (Major)

Ans31. (a) Glucose and sucrose are the carbohydrates classified as sugar and
polysaccharides such as cellulose and starch are non-sugar.

(b) All carbohydrates monosaccharides and disaccharides (except sucrose) reduces

F h i g’ uti rT ' r g t th y t i fr hy i r k t i gr up g
with hydroxyl (—OH) group on the carbon adjacent to these groups.

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(c) All carbohydrates, except monosaccharides undergo hydrolysis as it is the simplest form
of sugar and cannot be further hyrolysed to smaller subunits.

Ans32. (a) 3rd reading for 0,5 g has different pattern. There has to be an increase in
depression of freezing point and therefore, decrease in freezing point and also in melting
point when amount of salt is increased but the trend is not followed on this case.
(b) Two sets of reading helped to avoid error in data collection and to maintain accuracy.

f gu …i

(c) ( )

… ii

JI
Divide Eq. (i) by (ii) we get
f gu

f gu = 0.496 ~ 0.5
Freezing point or melting point = - 0.5°C.
LA
Or

Depression in freezing point is directly proportional to molality (mass of solute when the
amount of solvent remains same).
0.3 g depression is 1.8°C
0.6 g depression is 3.6°C
1.2 g depression will be 1.2 × 6 = 7.2°C
A

Ans.33 (a) From standard oxidation potential it is clear that oxygen gas should be liberated
at anode, but its rate of production is very low. In order to increase it we have to increase the
voltage of external battery. Because of which chloride ions get oxidised easily and Cl2 gas is
liberated at anode.
B

(b) Chemical reactions of mercury cell are as follows

At anode,
Zn(s) + 2OH- → ZnO (s) + H2O+ 2e-
At cathode,
HgO(s) + H2O + 2e- → Hg(l)+ 2OH-
The overall reaction is
Zn(s)+ HgO(s) → ZnO(s) + Hg(l)

(c) Sn(s)| Sn2+(0.004 M)||H+ (0.02 M) |

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H2(g)(1 bar))Pt(s)
Cell reaction
Sn + 2H+(0.02 M) → Sn2+ (0.004 M) + H2 (1 bar)

= 0 - (-0,14 V) = 0.14 V
For calculation of emf, apply Nernst equation;
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

JI
Or
LA
(a) The relationship between the standard free energy change and emf of a cell reaction is
given by
∆ G° = -nFE°
More positive the standard potential of a reaction the more negative is the standard free
energy change associated with the process and as a result, the higher is the feasibility of the
reaction.
At cathode, Ag+(ag) + e- → Ag(s); E° = + 0.80 V
Since, has greater positive value than the reaction is feasible at cathode.
(b) pH of the solution will not be affected as [H+] remains constant.
A

Electrolysis of acidulated water involves the following reactions,

At anode 2H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e-
At cathode 4H+ + 4e- → 2H2
(c) Conductivity (κ) = 0.0248 S cm-1
B

= 0.0248 ohm-1cm-1
Molar concentration (C) = 0.20 mol L-1
( )
( )
= 2.0 × 10 mol cm-3
-4

( )
Molar conductivity ( )
( )

= 124 ohm-1 mol-1 cm2

or 124 S mol-1 cm2
Molar conductivity = 124 S mol-1 cm2

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Ans.34

CH3COOC2H5 + H2O CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH

(C) (8) CD)

(a) A = (CH3C0)2O, B = CH3COOH,

JI
C = CH3COOC2H5, D = CH3CH2OH

(b) CH3CH2OH CH3COOH

(D) (B)
Ethanol Ethanoic acid

(c) CH3COOH CH3COCH3 + CaCO3

LA
Ethanoic acid Propanone
(B)

(d) CH3C0OC2HR CH3COONa + C2H5OH

Suthyl ethanoate Sodium Ethanol

acetate

Or
A
B

(a) A = CH3COCH2CH3,
B = CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3,
C = CH3(CH)2CH3

(b) A gives iodoform reaction as

CH3COCH2CH3+ 3I2 + 4NaOH →

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 (4)
Butan-2-one

CHI3 ↓ + C2C5CONa + 3Nal + 3H2O

(c)

(d)

JI
(e) Alcohols generally have high boiling point than ketones due to presence of hydrogen
bonding.
Hence, compound (6)have high boiling point than compound [A).
LA
Ans.35 (a) Due to ability of oxygen to form multiple bonds with metal.
(b) Transition elements show high melting point, due to involvement of greater number of
electrons in the interatomic bonding from (n-1)d-orbitals in addition to ns electrons in forming
metallic bond.
Thus, large number of electrons participate forming large number of metallic bond.
(c) Ionisation enthalpy of Cr is less than that of Zn because Cr has stable d 5 configuration. In
case of zinc, electron comes out from completely filled 4s-orbital.
A

So, removal of electron from zinc requires more energy as compared to the chromium.
(d) Magnetic moment of any metal ion can be decided on the basis of spin as well as orbital
contribution of electron. Due to symmetrical electronic configuration, there is no orbital
contribution in ion.
However, appreciable orbital contribution takes place in Co2+ ion.
B

(e) Misch metal is an alloy which consists of a lanthanoid metal (~ 95%) and traces of S, C,
Ca and Al. It is used in Mg based alloy to produce bullets, shell and lighter-flint.

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 JI
LA
A
B

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JI
LA
ALL IN ONE PCMB #1.0
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B